scholarly journals Use of illicit drugs between nursing academics: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
M. L. Dias ◽  
J. C. L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Caribbean Literature ◽  
The Difference

In recent decades, consumption of illicit substances has become a concern of society, a public health problem due to the high incidence of social problems related to its use and the risks to users' health. The transition period to the university is a time of vulnerability to exposure to drugs, thus, academics have the first contact with some kind of substance at that stage. The objective of this study was to investigate what has been produced in the literature on the use of drugs among nursing students in Brazil. It is a study with a quantitative approach, of type literature review. We used the descriptors: "Nursing, Drugs and Academics" and the databases Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) for articles search. A total of 149 publications were found and, after analytical reading, a sample of 10 articles was developed to develop the study. As a result, it was observed that the prevalence of illicit drug use is more predominant among male students, in general, but the female sex is higher among the participants, the difference is due to the high prevalence of women in the Nursing course . The age group most found in the studies is 18 to 30 years of age and the drugs most commonly used by academics are marijuana and cocaine. According to the studies presented, the consumption of illicit drugs directly affects the life of nursing students, reinforcing it as a serious public health problem.

scholarly journals Smoking in Latin America: a major public health problem

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S109-S115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Sergio Koifman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Latin American Countries

Smoking has become a major public health problem in Latin America, and its scope varies from country to country. Despite difficulties in obtaining methodologically consistent data for the region, we analyzed the results from prevalence surveys in 14 Latin American countries. Smoking prevalence among men varied from 24.1% (Paraguay) to 66.3% (Dominican Republic) and among women from 5.5% (Paraguay) to 26,6% (Uruguay). By applying point prevalence data to the stage model of the tobacco epidemic in developed countries, we concluded that the Latin American countries are in stage 2, i.e., with a clearly rising prevalence among men, a prevalence for women that is beginning to increase, and mortality attributable to smoking among men still not reflecting peak prevalence. None of the countries analyzed appeared to have reached stage 3, in which one observes a downward trend in prevalence of smoking among men and peak prevalence among women, with broad impact on tobacco-related mortality. The only exception appears to be Paraguay, which is still emerging from stage 1, i.e., with low prevalence rates among men, too. Nevertheless, high lung cancer mortality rates in Uruguay and Argentina are comparable to those of the developed countries.

scholarly journals Revisão sistemática de literatura: tendências sobre a interiorização dos acidentes de trânsito no Brasil

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Wantuil Rodrigues Dutra Prado ◽  
Brenda Medeiros Pereira ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz- Padillo ◽  
Carmen Brum Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Risk Of Death

Traffic crashes in Brazil represent a serious public health problem, representing the second leading cause of death in the country. Recently, a new trend of traffic accidents has been identified in relation to the places where they occur, called “interiorization of traffic accidents”, so that larger cities have decreasing rates of traffic deaths while smaller cities show increasing rates. This paper aims to analyze through a systematic literature review the main publications related to traffic crashes in order to identify the impacts generated by them, their trends, the variables used in studies and analyze studies that address the interiorization of traffic crashes in Brazil. The keywords combinations used in this review resulted in a list of 420 articles, 20 of which were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts and subsequently analyzed. Some studies show a change in the victims’ profile following the implementation of the Brazilian Traffic Code, male bikers aged 18 to 29 years, as well as a higher risk of death in cities with less than 100,000 inhabitants.

scholarly journals Low dietary calcium in European postmenopausal osteoporotic women

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bruyere ◽  
Caroline De Cock ◽  
Catherine Mottet ◽  
Audrey Neuprez ◽  
Olivier Malaise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

AbstractObjectiveThe WHO recommends a daily Ca intake for postmenopausal women of 1300 mg. The objective of the present study was to assess the dietary Ca intake in European postmenopausal osteoporotic women.Design, setting and subjectsAssessment of dietary Ca intake (food and supplements) was performed with a validated self-questionnaire in 8524 osteoporotic women from nine European countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain and the UK).ResultsMean age of the patients was 74·2 (sd 7·1) years, mean BMI was 25·7 (sd 4·2) kg/m2. Of the study population, 37·2 % of the women took Ca supplements. The mean dietary intake of Ca was 930·7 (sd 422·9) mg/d. The lowest Ca intake was found in Hungary (586·7 (sd 319·1) mg/d) and the highest in Denmark (1145·6 (sd 463·0) mg/d). In the whole study population, only 19·1 % of the women had a dietary Ca intake >1300 mg/d. Only 17·1 % of women aged over 75 years achieved 1300 mg/d compared with 20·5 % of women aged less than 75 years (P = 0·0001 for the difference between the two groups).ConclusionDietary intake of Ca is very low in European postmenopausal women. A greater awareness is needed to resolve this public health problem.

scholarly journals Trauma cranioencefálico: intervenções do enfermeiro no atendimento pré-hospitalar

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Zildo Alves da Silva ◽  
Thais Macedo Pio ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Day By Day

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as intervenções realizadas pelo enfermeiro no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel a vítima de trauma crânioencefálico. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de revisão da literatura, por meio do qual se realizou um levantamento da produção cientifica na base de dados SCIELO e LILACS, referente ao período 2009 à 2016. O trauma cranioencefálico é uma causa importante de morte e sequelas temporárias e ou permanentes, e suas taxas vem se elevando dia a dia, acarretando em um sério problema à saúde pública do Brasil e no mundo. As intervenções do enfermeiro no assistencialismo deve seguir um atendimento sistematizado e baseado em protocolos que pode elevar as taxas de sobrevida, evitar ou minimizar sequelas, é responsável junto a equipe multiprofissional pela elaboração e atualização de protocolos, além destas atribuições uma importante função é a educação permanente dos demais profissionais que atuam no atendimento móvel de urgência.Descritores: Traumatismos Encefálicos, Enfermagem, Atendimento Pré-hospitalar. Cranioencephalic trauma: Interventions of the nurse in pre-hospital careAbstract: The objective of this work is to describe the interventions performed by the nurse in the mobile pre-hospital care to the victim of cranioencephalic trauma. This is a descriptive study of literature review, through which a survey of scientific production was conducted in the SCIELO and LILACS database, referring to the period 2009 to 2016. Cranioencephalic trauma is an important cause of death and temporary and permanent sequelae, and its rates have been increasing day by day, leading to a serious public health problem in Brazil and in the world. Nurses interventions in assistentialism should follow a systematic and protocol-based care that can increase survival rates, avoid or minimize sequelae, is responsible with the multidisciplinary team for the elaboration and updating of protocols, besides these attributions an important function is the permanent education of other professionals who work in mobile emergency care.Descriptors: Encephalic Injuries, Nursing, Pre-hospital Care. Trauma craneoencéfalo: Intervenciones de la enfermera en la atención prehospitalariaResumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las intervenciones realizadas por la enfermera en la atención móvil prehospitalaria a la víctima de trauma craneoencefálico. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de la revisión de la literatura, a través del cual se realizó un estudio de la producción científica en la base de datos SCIELO y LILACS, refiriéndose al período 2009-2016. El trauma craneoencéfalo es una causa importante de muerte y sequelas temporales y permanentes, y sus tasas han ido aumentando día a día, lo que ha llevado a un grave problema de salud pública en Brasil y en el mundo. Las intervenciones de enfermeras en el asistencialismo deben seguir una atención sistemática y basada en protocolos que pueda aumentar las tasas de supervivencia, evitar o minimizar las secuencias, es responsable con el equipo multidisciplinario para la elaboración y actualización protocolos, además de estas atribuciones una función importante es la educación permanente de otros profesionales que trabajan en la atención móvil de emergencia.Descriptores: Lesiones Encéfalas, Enfermería, Atención Prehospitalaria.

scholarly journals Chikungunya Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Literature Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucier Gonçalves Júnior ◽  
Marília de Oliveira Bringel ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues de Morais ◽  
Luiz Fernando de Castro Malinverno ◽  
Giselle Vasconcelos Liberato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Clinical Scenario ◽  
Proper Noun ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Meningeal Involvement

Although the most common Chikungunya (do not capitalize the disease unless it is named after a proper noun such as Zika, Ebola or Carrion’s Disease) manifestations are osteoarticular, those which bring the most morbidity and mortality are neurological, where thorough mapping through studies with a methodological outline have not yet been well structured. Therefore, the objective was to review the literature to identify neurological manifestations of CHIKV. We used the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and PubMed with the following descriptors: #1 “Chikungunya” [MeSH]; #2 “neurological manifestations” [MeSH] and their equivalents in the Portuguese language, selecting literature published between July 2007 to January 2018. From the 180 studies that were found, 30 were selected. Findings were divided into two subcategories: “Chikungunya: Typical Neurological Manifestations” and “Chikungunya: Severe Neurological Manifestations”. The studies show that headaches were characterized as the most common symptom in adult patients affected by CHIKV, followed by meningeal involvement. Meningeal involvement is also a more serious clinical scenario associated with encephalitis, convulsions, polyneuropathies such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and death. CHIKV is a public health problem for many reasons including its chronic potential complications. Given the neurological symptoms, this disease is concerning in age extremes, for patients with comorbidities and for patients with more than one viral infection by arboviruses, in whom the most severe neurological manifestations are more common.

scholarly journals Dificuldades na adesão ao esquema terapêutico pelos pacientes com tuberculose

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Daniele Novaes Santos ◽  
Maria Angélica Ferreira Santana ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Review Study

A tuberculose no Brasil é considerada um sério problema de saúde pública, considerada uma doença crônica de tratamento longo, aonde entra a dificuldade de sua adesão por envolver aspectos comportamentais, psicológicos e sociais, fazendo com que haja uma porcentagem considerável de abandono. A Presente pesquisa objetivou identificar as dificuldades associadas a não adesão e ao abandono ao tratamento da tuberculose. Estudo de revisão da literatura com busca na base de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO e estudos e dados de fontes seguras de internet. Observação de artigos que tendem a esclarecer os principais motivos da não adesão e ao abandono do tratamento da tuberculose, aumentando a resistência ao bacilo. Diante dos dados encontrados percebem se diversas causas para a não adesão ao tratamento da tuberculose, aspectos muitas vezes passíveis de intervenção do enfermeiro.Descritores: Tuberculose, Adesão ao Tratamento, Dificuldades. Difficulties in adherence to the therapeutic scheme by patients with tuberculosisAbstract: Tuberculosis in Brazil is considered a serious public health problem, considered a chronic disease with long treatment, which entails the difficulty of its adherence because it involves behavioral, psychological and social aspects, causing a considerable percentage of abandonment. This research aimed to identify the difficulties associated with non-adherence and abandonment of tuberculosis treatment. Literature review study with search in the LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO database and studies and data from secure internet sources. Observation of articles that tend to clarify the main reasons for non-adherence and the abandonment of tuberculosis treatment, increasing resistance to the bacillus. In view of the data found, there are several causes for non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment, aspects that are often subject to nurse intervention.Descriptors: Tuberculosis, Adherence to Treatment, Difficulties. Dificultades en la adherencia al esquema terapéutico por pacientes con tuberculosisResumen: La tuberculosis en Brasil es considerada un problema grave de salud pública, considerada una enfermedad crónica con tratamiento prolongado, lo que conlleva la dificultad de su adherencia porque involucra aspectos conductuales, psicológicos y sociales, provocando un porcentaje considerable de abandono. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las dificultades asociadas con la no adherencia y abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso. Estudio de revisión de literatura con búsqueda en la base de datos LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO y estudios y datos de fuentes seguras de Internet. Observación de artículos que tienden a esclarecer los principales motivos de no adherencia y abandono del tratamiento antituberculoso, aumentando la resistencia al bacilo. A la vista de los datos encontrados, son varias las causas de la no adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso, aspectos que suelen ser objeto de la intervención de enfermeras.Descriptores: Tuberculosis, Adherencia al Tratamiento, Dificultades.

Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Witt ◽  
Rebecca Brown ◽  
Paul L. Plener ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
Jörg M. Fegert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung. Kindesmisshandlung stellt einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung dar. Einzelne Formen von Kindesmisshandlung treten häufig nicht isoliert auf, sondern das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener Formen von Kindesmisshandlung stellt eher die Regel als die Ausnahme dar. Neben den langfristigen und vielfältigen individuellen Folgen führt Kindesmisshandlung jährlich zu einer hohen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Belastung. Die WHO hat Kindesmisshandlung als großes Public Health Problem identifiziert und die Vereinten Nationen haben den Kampf gegen Kindesmisshandlung zum Ziel in ihrer Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung gemacht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Häufigkeit sowie das gemeinsame Auftreten unterschiedlicher Formen von Kindesmisshandlung sowie deren Assoziation mit psychischen und somatischen Folgen auf Basis einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe untersucht und dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Kumulation verschiedener Formen von Misshandlung und negativen Folgen für die Betroffenen. So ist das Risiko für negative Konsequenzen beim Erleben von vier oder mehr Formen von Misshandlung um das bis zu 10-fache erhöht. Viel zu selten werden die kumulativen Effekte von mehreren Belastungen berücksichtigt. Gerade weil die Wirkweisen über die Misshandlung, die Gesundheit beeinflusst, zunehmend gut untersucht sind, muss dieses Wissen im Gesundheitswesen stärker bei der Konzeption von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.

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