Abstract
Background
Hypertension (HTN) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are a prevalent combination in women, however limited data are available to guide blood pressure (BP) management. We hypothesize older women with HTN and CAD may not derive the same prognostic benefit from systolic BP (SBP) lowering <130 mmHg.
Purpose
To investigate the long-term mortality implications of different achieved SBP levels in hypertensive women with CAD.
Methods
Long-term, all-cause mortality data were analyzed for 9216 women, stratified by risk attributable to clinical severity of CAD (women with prior myocardial infarction or revascularization considered at high, all others at low risk) and by age (50 - <65 or ≥65 yo). The prognostic impact of achieving mean in-trial SBP <130 (referent group) was compared with 130 to <140 and ≥140 mmHg using Cox proportional hazards, adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.
Results
During 108,838 person-years of follow-up, 2945 deaths occurred. High risk women (n=3011) had increased long-term mortality in comparison to low risk women (n=6205) (adjusted HR 1.38, CI 1.28–1.5, p<0.001). Within risk groups, crude mortality percentages decreased according to BP values (table). As expected, high risk women were more likely to be ≥65 yo (68.68% vs. 50.51%, p<0.0001) or have SBP ≥140 mmHg (43.08% vs. 31.18%, p<0.0001). In adjusted analyses, an SBP ≥140 mmHg was associated with worse outcomes than SBP <130 mmHg in the entire cohort (HR 1.3, CI 1.2–1.5, p<0.0001) and when stratifying by risk (low risk group, HR = 1.47, CI 1.28–1.7, p<0.0001; high risk group, HR = 1.71, CI 1.01–1.35, p=0.03). In analyses stratified by age and risk, women ≥65 years and at high risk had decreased mortality in the 130 - <140 SBP category vs. <130 mmHg (HR 0.812, 95% CI 0.689–0.957, p=0.0133; figure).
Women and deaths by risk and SBP group Group SBP category Women (n) Mortality (n) Mortality (%) High risk <130 773 338 44 130–<140 941 414 44 ≥140 1297 694 54 Low risk <130 2187 390 18 130–<140 2083 451 22 ≥140 1935 658 34 SBP = systolic blood pressure; n = number; % = percent per each group.
Mortality adjusted HRs
Conclusion
In women ≥65 yo with hypertension and prior myocardial infarction and/or coronary revascularization enrolled in INVEST, a SBP between 130 to <140 mmHg was associated with lower all-cause, long-term mortality versus SBP <130 mmHg.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The main INVEST (International Verapamil [SR]/Trandolapril Study) was funded by grants from BASF Pharma, Ludwigshafen, Germany; Abbott Laboratories, A
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