GENRE OF IN MODERN TATAR LITERATURE: FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF R. GABDULKHAKOVA'S "SMALL" PROSE)

Author(s):  
В.Р. Аминева

На материале произведений современной татарской писательницы Р. Габдулхаковой выявляются конститутивные черты жанра парча в современной татарской литературе. Охарактеризованы жанровые разновидности парчи в творчестве Р. Габдулхаковой, которые соответствуют двум направлениям сюжетного движения: от внешнего к внутреннему или от единичного к универсальному и двум типам повествования - от 1-го или от 3-го лица. Художественное завершение в парчах первого типа определяется постижением некой нравственной истины, вытекающей из лично пережитой лирическим субъектом ситуации, в парчах второго типа оно создается переходом от отдельных явлений к их суммирующему итогу. Сделан вывод о том, что внутреннюю меру жанра определяет характер соотношения повествовательной фабулы и обобщающей ее «концовки». Описаны свойственные этому жанру пространственно-временные отношения и принципы организации субъектной сферы. Структурообразующая роль в парчах Р. Габдулхаковой отводится субъективно-лирическому началу в повествовании. В произведениях писательницы проявились как особенности ее творческой индивидуальности, так и типологические черты женской прозы в целом с ее повышенной эмоциональностью, автобиографичностью и проникновенностью. Большинство миниатюр Р. Габдулхаковой написаны от первого лица и представляют сознание женщины, сосредоточенной на переживании своего одиночества и «холода жизни», безответной любви и позднего раскаяния, боли утраты, преследующей каждого человека после ухода матери. Парчи, написанные от третьего лица, раскрывают сознание человека, знающего о существовании объективных закономерностей и пытающегося найти личный выход из безнадежных ситуаций. В творчестве Р. Габдулхаковой парча функционирует как синтетический жанр, вбирающий в себя элементы других жанровых форм. On the material of works of the modern Tatar writer R. Gabdulhakova the constitutive features of the genre of the parcha are revealed. Genre varieties of parcha in the work of R. Gabdulkhakova are characterized, which correspond to two directions of plot movement: from the external to the internal or from the individual to the universal, and two types of narrative-from 1 or 3 persons. Artistic completion in the parcha of the first type is determined by the realization of a certain moral truth arising from the situation personally experienced by the lyrical subject, in the parcha of the second type it is created by the transition from individual phenomena to their summing result. It is concluded that the internal measure of the genre determines the nature of the relationship between the narrative plot and its generalizing "ending". Space-time relations and principles of organization of the subject sphere peculiar to this genre are described. The structure-forming role in the parcha of R. Gabdulkhakova is assigned to the subjective-lyrical beginning in the narrative. The works of the writer manifested both the features of her creative individuality and the typological features of female prose in general with its increased emotionality, autobiography and penetration. Most of R. Gabdulhakova’s miniatures are written in the first person and represent the consciousness of a woman focused on experiencing her loneliness and “cold life”, unrequited love and late repentance, the pain of loss that haunts every person after leaving her mother. Рarcha written in the third person reveal the consciousness of a person who knows about the existence of objective laws and tries to find a personal way out of hopeless situations. Allegorical or symbolic imagery at the same time turns a personal scenario - into a typical, universal human one. In the work of R. Gabdulhakova parcha functions as a synthetic genre, incorporating elements of other genre forms.

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-446
Author(s):  
Ayelet Even-Ezra

In the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, Paul writes: It is doubtless not profitable for me to boast. I will come to visions and revelations of the Lord: I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man—whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows—how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter. Of such a one I will boast; yet of myself I will not boast, except in my infirmities. (2 Cor 12:1–5 nkiv) This brief and enigmatic account is caught between multiple dialectics of power and infirmity, pride and humility, unveiling and secrecy. At this point in his letter Paul is turning to a new source of power in order to establish his authority against the crowd of boasting false apostles who populate the previous paragraphs. He wishes to divulge his intimate, occult knowledge of God, but at the same time keep his position as antihero that is prevalent throughout the epistle. These dialectics are enhanced by a sophisticated play of first and third person. The third person denotes the subject who experienced rapture fourteen years ago, while the first person denotes the narrator in the present. Only after several verses does the reader realize that these two are in fact the same person. This alienation allows Paul the intricate play of boasting, for “of such a one I will boast, yet of myself I will not boast.”


Problemos ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Ernesta Molotokienė

Straipsnyje aptariamas Danielio C. Dennetto pasiūlytas heterofenomenologijos metodas, pretenduojantis sąmonės patirtis tirti iš trečiojo asmens perspektyvos, ir analizuojamas argumentų už šio metodo pranašumą autofenonomenologijos, arba Edmundo Husserlio fenomenologijoje taikomo introspekcijos metodo iš pirmojo asmens perspektyvos atžvilgiu, korektiškumas. Dennettas, įvesdamas trečio asmens perspektyvą, heterofenomenologijos metodui siekia suteikti gamtos mokslų metodams būdingo objektyvumo, kurio nepavyko pasiekti Husserlio autofenomenologijos projektui dėl neišvengiamo subjektyvumo veiksnio. Todėl Dennettas subjektų pranešimams apie sąmonės patirtis suteikia įsitikinimų statusą, kurį legitimuoja jau ne pats subjektas, o stebėtojas (heterofenomenologas), šitaip atlikdamas mokslinį subjektų įsitikinimų apie sąmonės patirtis tyrimą. Bet ar subjektų pranešti įsitikinimai gali būti neutralūs, be subjektyvios interpretacijos apvalkalo, kaip to tikisi Dennettas? Straipsnyje tvirtinama, kad ambicingas Dennetto heterofenomenologijos metodas neišvengia Husserlio fenomenologijai būdingo subjektyvumo, nes Dennettas nekorektiškai interpretuoja Husserlį, iškreipdamas, bet neišvengdamas autofenomenologijai priskiriamų trūkumų.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: heterofenomenologija, autofenomenologija, sąmonė, metodas, intencionalumas, patyrimas.Does Heterophenomenology Surmount Autophenomenology?Ernesta Molotokienė SummaryDaniel C. Dennett’s heterophenomenological method for analyzing the experiences of one’s consciousness using the third person approach, as well as an analysis of the argument correctness of its superiority over the autophenomenology or introspective method of the first person approach applied in Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology are presented. By introducing the third person perpective, Dennett seeks to bestow the impartiality which is typical of the nature sciences, to heterophenomenological method. The Husserl autophenomenology project had failed in this field because of its inevitable subjectivity. Therefore, Dennett provides the subject’s messages about experiences of consciousness with the conviction status, which is legitimated not by the subject but by the observer (the heterophenomenologist), and in this way he carries out the scientific research of the subject’s convictions about the experiences of consciousness. But can the subject’s convictions be neutral, without a shell of subjective interpretation, as Dennett expects them to be? The article argues that the ambitious heterophenomenologic method of Dennett is unable to avoid the subjectivity typical of Husserl’s phenomenology, because Dennett interprets Husserl incorrectly by twisting his ideas, but is unable to elude the drawbacks of autophenomenology.Keywords: heterophenomenology, autophenomenology, consciousness, method, intentionality, experience.


Author(s):  
Matthias Hofer

Abstract. This was a study on the perceived enjoyment of different movie genres. In an online experiment, 176 students were randomly divided into two groups (n = 88) and asked to estimate how much they, their closest friends, and young people in general enjoyed either serious or light-hearted movies. These self–other differences in perceived enjoyment of serious or light-hearted movies were also assessed as a function of differing individual motivations underlying entertainment media consumption. The results showed a clear third-person effect for light-hearted movies and a first-person effect for serious movies. The third-person effect for light-hearted movies was moderated by level of hedonic motivation, as participants with high hedonic motivations did not perceive their own and others’ enjoyment of light-hearted films differently. However, eudaimonic motivations did not moderate first-person perceptions in the case of serious films.


2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 26-202

Although I desire that each of my children should have one Narrative of the passages of my Life, yet I desire and charge you that it be not wrote as you find it here in my Name or first person singular; but that, you compose a Narrative out of it your Self in the third person, As ex. gr. He (John Rastrick) was born – &c. when he left such a place He removed to such a place – &c. which is easily done by this Account And do not put in the Prayers and Devotions suited to my age or Troubles or Letter to my Aunt; or whatsoever may be thought indecent, and of no use.


1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth King

ABSTRACTIn Newfoundland French the verb does not agree in number with a plural subject in one particular construction–subject relative clauses–but rather displays default singular marking. Agreement is made with the subject relative pronoun, which does not have a morphological feature for number associated with it. This absence of a number feature results in a form consistently spelled out as homophonous with the third-person singular. Gender agreement transmitted in subject relatives containing a predicate adjective is evidence that number marking is at issue, not agreement in general. An exception to this pattern is the (variable) marking of plural agreement in the il y en a construction, explained in terms that are independent from the analysis of the default singular. Newfoundland French agreement is then compared with data from other French varieties, and the approach taken in this study is compared with those of other studies of grammatical variation.


1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Perriman

1 Cor 15.50–57 is frequently cited as evidence that Paul expected to be alive at the parousia, chiefly on the basis of the distinction in v. 52 between ‘the dead’ who ‘will be raised imperishable’ and ‘we’ who ‘will be changed’. Paul ‘expects that at the parusia he himself will not be among the dead (of whom he speaks in the third person), but among the living (of whom he speaks in the first person)’. There are, however, a number of factors that persuade us to question this conclusion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Alexey Tumialis ◽  
Alexey Smirnov ◽  
Kirill Fadeev ◽  
Tatiana Alikovskaia ◽  
Pavel Khoroshikh ◽  
...  

The perspective of perceiving one’s action affects its speed and accuracy. In the present study, we investigated the change in accuracy and kinematics when subjects throw darts from the first-person perspective and the third-person perspective with varying angles of view. To model the third-person perspective, subjects were looking at themselves as well as the scene through the virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD). The scene was supplied by a video feed from the camera located to the up and 0, 20 and 40 degrees to the right behind the subjects. The 28 subjects wore a motion capture suit to register their right hand displacement, velocity and acceleration, as well as torso rotation during the dart throws. The results indicated that mean accuracy shifted in opposite direction with the changes of camera location in vertical axis and in congruent direction in horizontal axis. Kinematic data revealed a smaller angle of torso rotation to the left in all third-person perspective conditions before and during the throw. The amplitude, speed and acceleration in third-person condition were lower compared to the first-person view condition, before the peak velocity of the hand in the direction toward the target and after the peak velocity in lowering the hand. Moreover, the hand movement angle was smaller in the third-person perspective conditions with 20 and 40 angle of view, compared with the first-person perspective condition just preceding the time of peak velocity, and the difference between conditions predicted the changes in mean accuracy of the throws. Thus, the results of this study revealed that subject’s localization contributed to the transformation of the motor program.


Philosophy ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Stevenson

I argue that the distinction between first-person present and other-directed contexts of justification throws new light on epistemology. In particular, it has implications for the relations between justification, knowledge and truth, the debate between externalism and internalism, and the prospects for reflective equilibrium. I suggest that to focus on the third-person questions about knowledge or justification is to risk missing the main point of epistemology, namely to help us make reflective judgments about what to believe.


1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Xu Liejiong

The special use of the 3rd person singular pronoun ta in Chinese distinguishes itself in that (i) its antecedent NP can be [±animate] and (ü) in that the antecedent can be plural as weIl as singular. Syntactically, the antecedent occurs typically as a sentence topic, a subtopic (i.e. topic within VP), as the object of ba, the subject of bei or the head of a relative clause. Semantically, a verb that takes such a pronoun as its object must be a predicate involving the features of disposal, telicity, irrealis and agentivity. This pronoun cannot be identified with any of the pronominal categories known from the literature, but it represents a new type: the D-pronoun.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ato Quayson

This paper compares Sholem Aleichem’s Tevye the Dairyman and Chinua Achebe’s Arrow of God. Despite all their obvious differences in terms of cultural traditions and historical moments, the two authors’ fundamental commitment to modes of storytelling allows us to draw parallels and counterpoints between them. In both works storytelling is shaped by the essential polysemy of orality (such as the collocation of proverbs, gnomic statements, and anecdotes as crucial aspects of the stories being told), as well as an orientation toward ritual (in terms of the formal repetition of storytelling motifs and devices). In the Tevye stories, the first-person narration is addressed to various explicit and implied addressees and gives the impression of an immediate orality, whereas in Arrow of God the third-person narrator is coextensive with the one we encounter in Things Fall Apart in its quasi-ethnographic orientation. In both texts, storytelling and orality are mediums for identifying with an imagined community. Imagined implies a nonideal relationship to existing communities, something that is made clear in the agonistic infrastructure of the two central characters’ minds. The paper argues for seeing this agonistic infrastructure as a form of “contexture,” that is to say, a way to provide texture to the historical contexts in which they were written and to which their referential relays point us to.


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