scholarly journals Paradigma Fiqh Multikultural

TAJDID ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Ilyas Supena
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Basic Attitude ◽  
Truth Claims

The doctrine of the Qur’an teaches that human beings are created in diversities and tribes in order to know one another. Essencially, it means that the basic attitude of Islam exclaims all the humans have the same ideas for a unity of humanity without discriminating races, colour, ethnic, culture and religion. Nevertheless, when the idea of the Qur’an is interpreted in the form of fiqh, historically the fiqh was often confronted with the truth claims being supported by the followers of each madzhab. So, between the truth claims of a fiqh formula being local particular and the doctrine of the Qur’an itself being universal substantial is a paradox. The emergence of the truth claims can have the potential to lead to the conflicts and anarchy among the followers because of differing interpreting of the fiqh. Therefore, a formula of jurisprudence needs to be developed according to multiculturalism that recognizes the diversities and places them in the equality. In the field of jurisprudence, the view of multiculturalism should be methodically built by way of developing paradigm of Islamic social interpretation prioritizing the dynamic, progressive and tolerant interpretations. The discussion in this article concludes that multiculturalist fiqh must be built on the principle of mashlahah using the maqashid al-shari'ah approach. Consequently, universal Qur'anic values are seen as substantive values rather than local-particular values. Therefore, with the maqashid al-shari'ah approach, the values of justice, benefit, equality, wisdom and love are the most important values that will be the source and inspiration when the Qur'an explains the provisions of a legal-specific case.

scholarly journals Profil Perempuan Urban dalam Novel Celebrity Wedding karya Alia Azalea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Rani Anggraini ◽  
Hasanuddin WS Hasanuddin WS
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Attitude ◽  
Opposite Sex

This study aims to describe the profile of urban women in the metropolitan novel Alia Azalea Celebrity Wedding based on basic attitudes (1) love, (2) beauty, (3) suffering, (4) justice, (5) view of life, (6) responsibility, (7) anxiety, (8) hope. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data in this study are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, sentences which can be formulated as a profile of urban women. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are eight basic human attitudes towards female characters in the novel. Eight basic attitude patterns of love that are oriented towards the balance between love for family, fellow human beings and the opposite sex, beauty is oriented towards spiritual beauty, suffering is oriented towards suffering as a trial, justice is oriented towards honesty, view of life is oriented towards a view of life that comes from reflection, responsibility Responsibility is oriented towards self-responsibility, anxiety is oriented towards anxiety in the form of uncertainty, and expectations are oriented towards acceptance expectations in the family environment from Revel.

The Need to Seek for God

2020 ◽  
pp. 267-296
Author(s):  
Michael Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Absence Of Evidence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hiddenness Of God ◽  
Supreme Being

Given the foregoing reasons for taking the Christian option seriously, Pascal argues that the non-believer should, as a matter of sheer self-interest, seek for God; that is, in the first instance, investigate the truth-claims of Christianity. Atheists’ dismissal of these claims, he argues, rests on a misunderstanding of the claims themselves. Christianity preaches that God is hidden (as a result of the Fall, before which he made himself clearly known to human beings). This notion is discussed in the light of the argument by J. L. Schellenberg that the hiddenness of God, that is, the absence of evidence of God, constitutes grounds for affirming his non-existence. Pascal emphasizes the difference between Christianity and deism, a purely philosophical belief in a supreme being. Although God is hidden, it is in our interest to seek for him, as Pascal explains on the basis of his theory of probability. Different theories as to the placing of this appeal to self-interest (at the very beginning of the Apology, or halfway through) are evaluated.

scholarly journals Pluralism and Religious Harmony in Religious Elites Perspectives in Malang City

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Umi Sumbulah
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mutual Respect ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

This study aims to understand the religious elite view of pluralism and religious harmony in  Malang. The study was focused on the meaning of pluralism and religious harmony, efforts  and things that support and hinder the realization of religious harmony. Empirical research  data with qualitative-phenomenological approach was collected through interviews and documentation. The results show: first, the meaning of religious pluralism for the religious elites is very varied, which is the same as tolerance, mutual respect, the goal of all religions are the same, and recognize the fact that there are many religions in this world. Second, religious<br />harmony have meaning as a condition where there is no oppression and domination of one religion over other religions, awakening a deep awareness of diversity, respect for human rights, and the willingness to spread kindness and love for fellow human beings. Third, religious harmony can be achieved through internal efforts to strengthen the faith of each and build awareness to develop a positive attitude towards other religions. In external efforts to create harmony done through emancipatory dialogue and cooperation to resolve humanitarian issues. Fourth, positive attitude that supports the creation of harmony of religions is the willingness and awareness to understand each other and share experiences. Egoism, truth claims, fanaticism, and exclusivism is a negative attitude and expression recognized by the religious elite can interfere with the establishment of inter-religious harmony.<br /><br />

scholarly journals TOSANGSEREKAN, A Theological Reflection on the Integrity of Creation in the Torajan Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannu Sanderan
Keyword(s):  
Living System ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Inner Self ◽  
Basic Attitude

What is the aboriginal concept of Tosangserekan itself? The philosophy of Tosangserekan in Aluk to dolo concept: All creatures (the ancestors) were made by Puang Matua, The material for producing those ancestors was gold, The tool to forged–to form was a pair of bellows (sauan sibarrung). And all ancestors were made (forged) in the sky, therefore the tosangserekan is not just merely a philosophy of human beings (moral value) nor culture, but it is more like an integration of cosmic living system (intact, interrelatedness and wholeness). The consequence is Tosangserekan as a cosmic system is very close with natural law (organic holism). The entire life dimension CANNOT be separated; everything is in oneness of intact union. The Theology of Life and the Philosophy of To Sangserekan: theology of restoration with ecological spirit, so humans are aware and have a self-control base on their cultural life, especially when it involves nature. One thing that is certain is: this earth is only one, and our planet is in a problem and then it is going towards to destruction. And the most responsible for this damages one is human beings. Because he is given an authorization to manage nature wisely (Theocentric-holistic). Nature or creatures has been treated arbitrarily, without having a pity, and unfairly. The fact that a lot of species of plant and animal have totally disappeared. The requirements are not only the conservation techniques and the knowledge on the environment but primarily more to the basic attitude, which is expressed from the deepest inner self. This basic attitude then will give the influence to the viewpoint on nature. Even it could be able to shift and form a new paradigm or a new ethic on the environment.

scholarly journals God's Bridle: John Calvin's Application of Natural Law

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scott Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Realism ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
John Finnis ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Internal Rationality

Natural law has made a comeback in legal philosophy. The revival of natural law thinking in the legal academy began about thirty years ago and has managed to gain a seat at the table in current jurisprudential discussions. Defining natural law, Brian Bix declares that it “claims that there are fundamental and evaluative connections between the universe, human nature, and morality.” These connections need not have a Christian or even a theistic foundation. A belief in moral realism, that is, the propositions that “(1) there is an objective reality, (2) human beings can know something about it, and (3) there are some things that everyone can, and some things that everyone ought to, do in response to what they know,” ties together theistic and non-theistic versions of natural law. Yet many prominent contemporary natural law theorists—J. Budziszewski, John Finnis, Robert George, and Russell Hittinger —are Roman Catholic. Despite the fact that Finnis and George develop their natural law arguments without reference to any metaphysical states of affairs or transcendent truth claims, natural law continues to be associated with Thomas Aquinas and the subsequent scholastic tradition. Thus, even standards that Finnis and George derive from the internal rationality of law strike some as disguised theology.

Rate of Absorption of Water from Stomach and Small Bowel of Human Beings

1954 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Scholer ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

A Study of the Action of Prostigmine on the Bowel of Human Beings

1949 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. McMahon ◽  
Charles F. Code ◽  
Willtam G. Saver ◽  
J. Arnold Bargen
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings

Constructing and Deconstructing Concepts

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Doan ◽  
Ronaldo Vigo
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Family Resemblance ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Formal Models ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Optimal Classification

Abstract. Several empirical investigations have explored whether observers prefer to sort sets of multidimensional stimuli into groups by employing one-dimensional or family-resemblance strategies. Although one-dimensional sorting strategies have been the prevalent finding for these unsupervised classification paradigms, several researchers have provided evidence that the choice of strategy may depend on the particular demands of the task. To account for this disparity, we propose that observers extract relational patterns from stimulus sets that facilitate the development of optimal classification strategies for relegating category membership. We conducted a novel constrained categorization experiment to empirically test this hypothesis by instructing participants to either add or remove objects from presented categorical stimuli. We employed generalized representational information theory (GRIT; Vigo, 2011b , 2013a , 2014 ) and its associated formal models to predict and explain how human beings chose to modify these categorical stimuli. Additionally, we compared model performance to predictions made by a leading prototypicality measure in the literature.

Behavioral Testing of Mice Concerning Anxiety and Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 223 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Schweinfurth ◽  
Undine E. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Behavioral Testing ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Resilience Factors

Abstract. In the development of new psychiatric drugs and the exploration of their efficacy, behavioral testing in mice has always shown to be an inevitable procedure. By studying the behavior of mice, diverse pathophysiological processes leading to depression, anxiety, and sickness behavior have been revealed. Moreover, laboratory research in animals increased at least the knowledge about the involvement of a multitude of genes in anxiety and depression. However, multiple new possibilities to study human behavior have been developed recently and improved and enable a direct acquisition of human epigenetic, imaging, and neurotransmission data on psychiatric pathologies. In human beings, the high influence of environmental and resilience factors gained scientific importance during the last years as the search for key genes in the development of affective and anxiety disorders has not been successful. However, environmental influences in human beings themselves might be better understood and controllable than in mice, where environmental influences might be as complex and subtle. The increasing possibilities in clinical research and the knowledge about the complexity of environmental influences and interferences in animal trials, which had been underestimated yet, question more and more to what extent findings from laboratory animal research translate to human conditions. However, new developments in behavioral testing of mice involve the animals’ welfare and show that housing conditions of laboratory mice can be markedly improved without affecting the standardization of results.

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