scholarly journals VERBUM – virtual enhanced reality for building modelling (virtual technical tour in digital twins for building conservation)

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 20-47
Author(s):  
Silvana Bruno ◽  
Albina Scioti ◽  
Alessandra Pierucci ◽  
Rocco Rubino ◽  
Tommaso Di Noia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
Paradigmatic Change ◽  
Enhanced Reality

The digital transformation of the construction sector is also involving cultural and architectural heritage conservation management to solve criticalities of information exchange in refurbishment/restoration, from the preliminary steps until the execution and monitoring of interventions. Nevertheless, time and resources required to complete digital models (point clouds, 3D meshes and HBIM model) are extensive and this can cause interruption of knowledge communication among professionals. The VERBuM project (Virtual Enhanced Reality For Building Modelling) aims at investigating how a central Virtual Technical Tour (VTT), would guarantee a continuous stream of information when other disruptive technologies are integrated in the process and their related products are linked to the VTT. The use of a VTT, based on 360° photos, may fill time and resources gaps as it is a rapid up-to-date and high-fidelityto-reality tool. The fostering of the paradigmatic change in refurbishment/restoration process requires the development of all-in-one digital environments for digital twinning of cultural and architectural heritage and its assessment, aware of potentialities and criticalities to be overcame. The research moves from stakeholders’ information requirements to implement the VERBuM process supported by the central VTT, editable via cloud-based platform (VERBuM product) to exchange digital contents, uploaded in different file format, but consulted in VR by all the involved actors via web services, without any software product installation. The tool has been evaluated via SWOT analysis supported by Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model and users’ perceptions. The results provide mitigation measures of threats related to distrust in use of VTT within working groups and fruition of point clouds, meshes and BIM models, possible via WebGL-based libraries.

2D quantitative analysis of fractures from high-resolution photos for the geomechanical characterization of rock masses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Wyser ◽  
Lidia Loiotine ◽  
Charlotte Wolff ◽  
Gioacchino Francesco Andriani ◽  
Michel Jaboyedoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Discontinuity Sets ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Geomechanical Characterization

<p>The identification of discontinuity sets and their properties is among the key factors for the geomechanical characterization of rock masses, which is fundamental for performing stability analyses, and for planning prevention and mitigation measures as well.<br>In practice, discontinuity data are collected throughout difficult and time-consuming field surveys, especially when dealing with areas of wide extension, difficult accessibility, covered by dense vegetation, or with adverse weather conditions. Consequently, even experienced operators may introduce sampling errors or misinterpretations, leading to biased geomechanical models for the investigated rock mass.<br>In the last decades, new remote techniques such as photogrammetry,<em> Light Detection and Ranging</em> (LiDAR), <em>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</em> (UAV) and <em>InfraRed Thermography </em>(IRT) have been introduced to overcome the limits of conventional surveys. We propose here a new tool for extracting information on the fracture pattern in rock masses, based on <em>remote sensing </em>methods, with particular reference to the analysis of high-resolution georeferenced photos. The first step consists in applying the <em>Structure from Motion</em> (SfM) technique on photos acquired by means of digital cameras and UAV techniques. Once aligned and georeferenced, the orthophotos are exported in a GIS software, to draw the fracture traces at an appropriate scale. We developed a MATLAB routine to extract information on the geostructural setting of rock masses by performing a quantitative 2D analysis of the fracture traces, based on formulas reported in the literature. The code was written by testing few experimental and simple traces and was successively validated on an orthophoto from a real case study.<br>Currently, the script plots the fracture traces as polylines and calculates their orientation (strike) and length. Subsequently, it detects the main discontinuity sets by fitting an experimental composite Gaussian curve on histograms showing the number of discontinuities according to their orientation, and splitting the curve in simpler Gaussian curves, with peaks corresponding to the main discontinuity sets.<br>Then, for each set, a linear scanline intersecting the highest number of traces is plotted, and the apparent and real spacing are calculated. In a second step, a grid of circular scanlines covering the whole area where the traces are located is plotted, and the mean trace intensity, trace density and trace length estimators are calculated.<br>It is expected to test the presented tools on other case studies, in order to optimize them and calculate additional metrics, such as persistence and block sizes, useful to the geomechanical characterization of rock masses.<br>As a future perspective, a similar approach could be investigated for 3D analyses from point clouds.</p>

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 142-176
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

scholarly journals CLIFF COLLAPSE HAZARD FROM REPEATED MULTICOPTER UAV ACQUISITIONS: RETURN ON EXPERIENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. B. Dewez ◽  
J. Leroux ◽  
S. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rock Fall ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Frequency Relationship

Cliff collapse poses a serious hazard to infrastructure and passers-by. Obtaining information such as magnitude-frequency relationship for a specific site is of great help to adapt appropriate mitigation measures. While it is possible to monitor hundreds-of-meter-long cliff sites with ground based techniques (e.g. lidar or photogrammetry), it is both time consuming and scientifically limiting to focus on short cliff sections. In the project SUAVE, we sought to investigate whether an octocopter UAV photogrammetric survey would perform sufficiently well in order to repeatedly survey cliff face geometry and derive rock fall inventories amenable to probabilistic rock fall hazard computation. An experiment was therefore run on a well-studied site of the chalk coast of Normandy, in Mesnil Val, along the English Channel (Northern France). Two campaigns were organized in January and June 2015 which surveyed about 60 ha of coastline, including the 80-m-high cliff face, the chalk platform at its foot, and the hinterland in a matter of 4 hours from start to finish. To conform with UAV regulations, the flight was flown in 3 legs for a total of about 30 minutes in the air. A total of 868 and 1106 photos were respectively shot with a Sony NEX 7 with fixed focal 16mm. Three lines of sight were combined: horizontal shots for cliff face imaging, 45°-oblique views to tie plateau/platform photos with cliff face images, and regular vertical shots. Photogrammetrically derived dense point clouds were produced with Agisoft Photoscan at ultra-high density (median density is 1 point every 1.7cm). Point cloud density proved a critical parameter to reproduce faithfully the chalk face’s geometry. Tuning down the density parameter to “high” or “medium”, though efficient from a computational point of view, generated artefacts along chalk bed edges (i.e. smoothing the sharp gradient) and ultimately creating ghost volumes when computing cloud to cloud differences. Yet, from a hazard point of view, this is where small rock fall will most likely occur. Absolute orientation of both point clouds proved unsufficient despite the 30 black and white quadrants ground control point DGPS surveyed. Additional ICP was necessary to reach centimeter-level accuracy and segment rock fall scars corresponding to the expected average daily rock fall volume (ca. 0.013 m3).

scholarly journals VIRTUAL TOURS AND INFORMATIONAL MODELS FOR IMPROVING TERRITORIAL ATTRACTIVENESS AND THE SMART MANAGEMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE: THE 3D-IMP-ACT PROJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
M. De Fino ◽  
C. Ceppi ◽  
F. Fatiguso
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Multimedia Contents ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Photorealistic Models ◽  
And Control ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract. The promotion and dissemination of architectural heritage for cultural enhancement and touristic enjoyment are increasingly focused on innovative ICTs, including 3D Geographic Information Systems, photorealistic models and scenes, and VR/AR immersive digital environments, which enable the interaction of visitors with a variety of informational contents, both educational and specialist. Within the above-mentioned framework, this paper will firstly outline the general objectives of the project “3D-IMP-ACT”, which has been funded under the international cooperation programme IPA CBC Interreg Italy-Albania-Montenegro. In this research, some ICT tools are tested and validated to create “virtual networks” of international ancient architectures and sites, based on the identification of “physical networks” of common historic, environmental and technical characteristics and infrastructural connections, in order to address coordinated strategies and transversal policies for development and management. Then, the paper will describe and discuss some results from the design and implementation of the project WebGIS system, which integrates virtual tours of 360° panoramas, 3D models from photomodelling of pictures taken by drones, multimedia contents, and 2D/3D historic evolution schemes within a single platform, where the users are supported in recognizing and exploring the tangible and intangible correspondences among the project pilot-cases. In conclusion, some remarks will be proposed on the potential benefits of the platform as an expert system which supports the technical assessment and control of architectural heritage toward maintenance, refurbishment and conservation.

scholarly journals CLIFF COLLAPSE HAZARD FROM REPEATED MULTICOPTER UAV ACQUISITIONS: RETURN ON EXPERIENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. B. Dewez ◽  
J. Leroux ◽  
S. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Control Point ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rock Fall ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Frequency Relationship

Cliff collapse poses a serious hazard to infrastructure and passers-by. Obtaining information such as magnitude-frequency relationship for a specific site is of great help to adapt appropriate mitigation measures. While it is possible to monitor hundreds-of-meter-long cliff sites with ground based techniques (e.g. lidar or photogrammetry), it is both time consuming and scientifically limiting to focus on short cliff sections. In the project SUAVE, we sought to investigate whether an octocopter UAV photogrammetric survey would perform sufficiently well in order to repeatedly survey cliff face geometry and derive rock fall inventories amenable to probabilistic rock fall hazard computation. An experiment was therefore run on a well-studied site of the chalk coast of Normandy, in Mesnil Val, along the English Channel (Northern France). Two campaigns were organized in January and June 2015 which surveyed about 60 ha of coastline, including the 80-m-high cliff face, the chalk platform at its foot, and the hinterland in a matter of 4 hours from start to finish. To conform with UAV regulations, the flight was flown in 3 legs for a total of about 30 minutes in the air. A total of 868 and 1106 photos were respectively shot with a Sony NEX 7 with fixed focal 16mm. Three lines of sight were combined: horizontal shots for cliff face imaging, 45°-oblique views to tie plateau/platform photos with cliff face images, and regular vertical shots. Photogrammetrically derived dense point clouds were produced with Agisoft Photoscan at ultra-high density (median density is 1 point every 1.7cm). Point cloud density proved a critical parameter to reproduce faithfully the chalk face’s geometry. Tuning down the density parameter to “high” or “medium”, though efficient from a computational point of view, generated artefacts along chalk bed edges (i.e. smoothing the sharp gradient) and ultimately creating ghost volumes when computing cloud to cloud differences. Yet, from a hazard point of view, this is where small rock fall will most likely occur. Absolute orientation of both point clouds proved unsufficient despite the 30 black and white quadrants ground control point DGPS surveyed. Additional ICP was necessary to reach centimeter-level accuracy and segment rock fall scars corresponding to the expected average daily rock fall volume (ca. 0.013 m3).

scholarly journals A Parametric Scan-to-FEM Framework for the Digital Twin Generation of Historic Masonry Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11088
Author(s):  
Marco Francesco Funari ◽  
Ameer Emad Hajjat ◽  
Maria Giovanna Masciotta ◽  
Daniel V. Oliveira ◽  
Paulo B. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Point Clouds ◽  
Visual Programming ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Inverse Dynamic ◽  
Historic Masonry ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Parametric Scan ◽  
Definition Of

Historic masonry buildings are characterised by uniqueness, which is intrinsically present in their building techniques, morphological features, architectural decorations, artworks, etc. From the modelling point of view, the degree of detail reached on transforming discrete digital representations of historic buildings, e.g., point clouds, into 3D objects and elements strongly depends on the final purpose of the project. For instance, structural engineers involved in the conservation process of built heritage aim to represent the structural system rigorously, neglecting architectural decorations and other details. Following this principle, the software industry is focusing on the definition of a parametric modelling approach, which allows performing the transition from half-raw survey data (point clouds) to geometrical entities in nearly no time. In this paper, a novel parametric Scan-to-FEM approach suitable for architectural heritage is presented. The proposed strategy uses the Generative Programming paradigm implementing a modelling framework into a visual programming environment. Such an approach starts from the 3D survey of the case-study structure and culminates with the definition of a detailed finite element model that can be exploited to predict future scenarios. This approach is appropriate for architectural heritage characterised by symmetries, repetition of modules and architectural orders, making the Scan-to-FEM transition fast and efficient. A Portuguese monument is adopted as a pilot case to validate the proposed procedure. In order to obtain a proper digital twin of this structure, the generated parametric model is imported into an FE environment and then calibrated via an inverse dynamic problem, using as reference metrics the modal properties identified from field acceleration data recorded before and after a retrofitting intervention. After assessing the effectiveness of the strengthening measures, the digital twin ability of reproducing past and future damage scenarios of the church is validated through nonlinear static analyses.

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 900-934
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ivan Apollonio ◽  
Marco Gaiani ◽  
Zheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Double Curvature ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Architectural Treatises

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.

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