İMMUNPROFILAKTIKANIN TƏŞKILININ ƏSASLARI, ONUN EFFEKTIVLIYININ VƏ TƏHLÜKƏSIZLIYININ QIYMƏTLƏNDIRILMƏSI

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Gunay Isfandiyar Sadigov ◽  
◽  
Gulustan Alihuseyin Azizova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Anatomical Feature ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Foreign Antigen ◽  
Key Words Immunology ◽  
Artificial Immunity

The purpose of this article is to investigate the growing number of viral diseases, to gather information on what measures should be taken against them and to educate the population. The immunological structure of the population is formed due to increased insensitivity to pathogenic microorganisms, which occurs through the formation of natural immunity (inherited or acquired as a result of an infectious process) and artificial immunity (created through immunoprophylaxis). The level of the immunological structure of the population affects the direction (trend) of the epidemic process. The higher the AID for a particular infectious disease, the lower the incidence, as well as the risk of group illnesses or outbreaks Key words: immunology, prophylaxis, natural immunity, artificial immunity, vaccination, vaccine, acquired immunity, serum, foreign antigen, organism, hereditary, physiological feature, anatomical feature

scholarly journals HLA and Infectious Diseases

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenefer M. Blackwell ◽  
Sarra E. Jamieson ◽  
David Burgner
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Extreme Variability ◽  
Classical Human Leukocyte Antigen

SUMMARY Following their discovery in the early 1970s, classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci have been the prototypical candidates for genetic susceptibility to infectious disease. Indeed, the original hypothesis for the extreme variability observed at HLA loci (H-2 in mice) was the major selective pressure from infectious diseases. Now that both the human genome and the molecular basis of innate and acquired immunity are understood in greater detail, do the classical HLA loci still stand out as major genes that determine susceptibility to infectious disease? This review looks afresh at the evidence supporting a role for classical HLA loci in susceptibility to infectious disease, examines the limitations of data reported to date, and discusses current advances in methodology and technology that will potentially lead to greater understanding of their role in infectious diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Atypical Pyoderma Gangrenosum Mimicking an Infectious Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Derek To ◽  
Aaron Wong ◽  
Valentina Montessori
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Pyoderma Gangrenosum ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Broad Spectrum Antibiotics ◽  
Hemorrhagic Bullae

We present a patient with atypical pyoderma gangrenosum (APG), which involved the patient’s arm and hand. Hemorrhagic bullae and progressive ulcerations were initially thought to be secondary to an infectious process, but a biopsy revealed PG. Awareness of APG by infectious disease services may prevent unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

scholarly journals Interaction of Salmonella entericaSerotype Typhimurium with Dendritic Cells Is Defined by Targeting to Compartments Lacking Lysosomal Membrane Glycoproteins

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2985-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco García-Del Portillo ◽  
Heidrun Jungnitz ◽  
Manfred Rohde ◽  
Carlos A. Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Intracellular Survival ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Dc Line

ABSTRACT Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the generation of acquired immunity to infections by pathogenic microorganisms.Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is known to survive and proliferate intracellularly within macrophages and nonphagocytic cells, but no data exist on how this pathogen interacts with DCs. In this report, we show the capacity of serotype Typhimurium to survive within the established mouse DC line CB1. In contrast to the case for the macrophage model, the compartments of DCs containing serotype Typhimurium are devoid of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins and the PhoPQ two-component regulatory system is not essential for pathogen intracellular survival.

scholarly journals Serology testing for syphilis in pregnancy: is it still relevant?

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Peter W Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Literature And Politics ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Serology Testing ◽  
In Pregnancy

Until the emergence of HIV and other more spectacular viral diseases, syphilis has probably been referred to more than any other infectious disease throughout history ? in theatre, literature and politics. During the 19th century, aside from being a notorious disease transmitted sexually, it was the diverse clinical and pathological forms of syphilis which led to much of this mystique and fear.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Focosi ◽  
Julian Tang ◽  
Arthur Anderson ◽  
Marco Tuccori
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Life Saving

Convalescent blood product therapy has been introduced since early 1900s to treat emerging infectious disease based on the evidence that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies can reduce duration of viremia. Recent large outbreaks of viral diseases for whom effective antivirals or vaccines are still lacking has revamped the interest in convalescent plasma as life-saving treatments. This review summarizes historical settings of application, and surveys current technologies for collection, manufacturing, pathogen inactivation, and banking, with a focus on COVID-19.

scholarly journals Looking for Needles in the Plasmodial Haystack

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Hviid
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Parasite Exposure

ABSTRACT Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a globally leading infectious disease problem. Despite decades of intense investigation, an efficacious and practical vaccine offering durable protection to people living in areas with transmission of malaria parasites remains an elusive goal. Our fragmentary understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity to the disease is a major obstacle, and the almost complete focus on a very small subset of P. falciparum proteins as vaccine candidates has left most parasite antigens essentially unexplored as targets of acquired immunity. However, with the protein microarray technology, it is now possible to interrogate the entire parasite proteome for new vaccine candidates and for markers of parasite exposure. Recent mSphere papers describe the results of such research.

Essential Role of γδT Cells In Naturally Acquired Immunity to Falciparum Malaria

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4877-4877
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Kanda-Taniguchi ◽  
Kaiissar Md. Mannoor ◽  
Changchun Li ◽  
Norihiro Watanabe ◽  
Akie Yamahira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Γδt Cells ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Abstract 4877 It is important to understand the mechanisms of naturally acquired immunity to malaria for the development of effective malaria vaccines. We have demonstrated that γδT cells expanded in the peripheral blood of the falciparum malaria patients in Thailand but did not expand in patients living in malaria endemic areas of Laos. However, the percentage of Vγ9-T cells, a γδT cell subset, increased in the Laos patients. The levels of naturally acquired antibodies to crude P. falciparum (Pf) antigens also increased with an age dependent manner in individuals living in endemic areas of Laos. In this study, we further investigated the role of Vγ9-T cells in naturally acquired immunity to the falciparum malaria. The peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and plasma obtained from hospitalized uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients (UMPs) and severe falciparum malaria patients (SMPs) in Thailand and from non-hospitalized UMPs living in endemic areas of Laos were analyzed. The plasma levels of IL-10, which is anti-inflammatory cytokine and associated with antibody production from B cells, were elevated in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized falciparum malaria patients. There was a correlation between the levels of IL-10 and the percentage of Vγ9-T cells in γδT cells. IL-10 and Pf specific antibodies were detected only in culture supernatant of PBLs from non-hospitalized UMPs in the presence of IL-2 for 2 wks. These results indicate that Vγ9-T cells may contribute to acquiring natural immunity to malaria. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Covid-19: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Focosi ◽  
Julian Tang ◽  
Arthur Anderson ◽  
Marco Tuccori
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Blood Product ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Life Saving

Convalescent blood product therapy has been introduced since early 1900s to treat emerging infectious disease based on the evidence that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies can reduce duration of viremia. Recent large outbreaks of viral diseases for whom effective antivirals or vaccines are still lacking has revamped the interest in convalescent plasma as life-saving treatments. This review summarizes historical settings of application, and surveys current technologies for collection, manufacturing, pathogen inactivation, and banking, with a focus on COVID-19.

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