scholarly journals Tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con COVID-19: una revisión integradora

SANUS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e250
Author(s):  
María Rubi Vargas ◽  
Esthela Carolina Melendrez-Arango ◽  
María Lorena Durán-Aguirre ◽  
Lourdes Quiñones Lucero ◽  
Sandra Lidia Peralta-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Ebsco Host ◽  
Sistemas De Informacion ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

Introducción: La salud hoy más que nunca ha sido vulnerada, la humanidad está sufriendo por la invasión del coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, que ha expuesto al mundo a la peor emergencia sanitaria en este siglo. La comunidad científica y los sistemas de salud global conjuntan esfuerzos en la búsqueda de un tratamiento definitivo, a la fecha se reconoce que la terapia está dirigida a mitigar los síntomas. Objetivo: Identificar las evidencias científicas sobre el tratamiento farmacológico en los pacientes con COVID-19. Metodología:  Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura publicada de diciembre 2019 a octubre 2020, en los sistemas de información Clinical Key, Dialnet, EBSCO Host y Scopus, mediante los descriptores Coronavirus Infections, COVID-19, Drug therapy, tratamiento farmacológico. Los criterios de selección fueron artículos de investigación cuantitativa de cualquier tipo de diseño, en inglés y español disponibles a texto completo, obteniéndose una muestra de 24 artículos. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios fueron revisiones integrativas con 66.6% y ensayos clínicos o in vitro con 12.5%. Se identificaron en la terapia farmacológica nueve medicamentos de mayor uso en COVID-19: Hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, azitromicina, ivermectina, tocilizumab y dexametasona, no obstante, solo cuatro fármacos mostraron efectividad significativa según la evidencia científica. Conclusiones: remdesivir demostró mayor efectividad y seguridad en el tratamiento, tocilizumab y dexametasona mostraron resultados favorables, sin embargo, los resultados no son contundentes. Los autores señalan que aún no es posible afirmar que se dispone de tratamientos que combata la COVID-19 efectivamente.

scholarly journals An in vitro study of theaflavins extracted from black tea to neutralize bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J Clark ◽  
P.G Grant ◽  
A.B Sarr ◽  
J.R Belakere ◽  
C.L Swaggerty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

A Review on Application of Novel Solid Nanostructures in Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibollah Faraji ◽  
Reza Nedaeinia ◽  
Esmaeil Nourmohammadi ◽  
Bizan Malaekeh-Nikouei ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Targeted Drug

Nanotechnology as a multidisciplinary and scientific innovation plays an important role in numerous biomedical applications, such as molecular imaging, biomarkers and biosensors and also drug delivery. A wide range of studies have been conducted on using of nanoparticles for early diagnosis and targeted drug therapy of various diseases. In fact, the small size, customized surface, upgraded solubility, or multi-functionality of nanoparticles enabled them to interact with complex cellular functions in new ways which opened many doors and created new biomedical applications. These studies demonstrated that nanotechnology vehicles can formulate biological products effectively, and this nano-formulated products with a potent ability against different diseases, were represented to have better biocompatibility, bioaccessibility and efficacy, under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Emerging In Vitro 3D Tumour Models in Nanoparticle-Based Gene and Drug Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Wong ◽  
Amelia Seifalian ◽  
Rashin Mohseni ◽  
Amir Ali Hamidieh ◽  
Robert E. MacLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy

The Role of Reactive Drug Metabolites in Immune-Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1378-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Hess ◽  
Michael J Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Metabolites ◽  
Immune Mediated

OBJECTIVE: To highlight recent advances in the understanding of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), with a focus on models outlining interactions between drug metabolism, disease processes, and immunity. Specific mechanisms that identify the metabolic pathways responsible for drug bioactivation to reactive drug metabolites (RDMs) involved in the initiation and propagation of specific immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions are discussed. Drug classes well known to be associated with immune-mediated ADRs are reviewed and the clinical implications of current research are discussed. DATA SOURCES: Original experimental research and immunologic review articles relevant to ADR diagnosis and etiology. DATA EXTRACTION: Results of relevant in vitro experiments and clinical reactions to drug therapy were compiled and reviewed. Critical discoveries concerning the identification of RDMs involved in ADRs were highlighted, with respect to RDM involvement in the production of an immune response to drug haptens. DATA SYNTHESIS: Drug adverse effects are classified according to clinical characteristics, immune interactions, and mechanistic similarities. Cytochrome P450 bioactivation of drug molecules to RDMs is a prerequisite to many ADRs. An electrophilic metabolite may react with cellular macromolecules (i.e., lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), resulting in direct cellular damage and organ toxicity. Covalent binding of an RDM to cellular macromolecules may also result in the formation of a hapten that is capable of eliciting a cellular or humoral immune response against drug or protein epitopes, culminating in the characteristic symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions. Mechanistic details concerning the identification of stable protein-metabolite conjugates and their interaction with the immune system remain unclear. Genetic imbalance between bioactivation and detoxification pathways, as well as reduced cellular defense against RDMs due to disease or concomitant drug therapy, act as risk factors to the onset and severity of ADRs. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse reactions to drug therapy cause significant morbidity and mortality. Identification of the pathways involved in drug bioactivation and detoxification may elucidate the potential of chemical agents to induce immune-mediated ADRs. Understanding the mechanisms of ADRs to current xenobiotics is helpful in the prevention and management of ADRs, and may prove useful in the design of novel therapeutic agents with reduced incidence of severe adverse events.

scholarly journals Platelets from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral drug therapy with poor CD4+ T cell recovery can harbor replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (535) ◽  
pp. eaat6263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Real ◽  
Claude Capron ◽  
Alexis Sennepin ◽  
Riccardo Arrigucci ◽  
Aiwei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Cell Recovery ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug

In addition to hemostasis, human platelets have several immune functions and interact with infectious pathogens including HIV in vitro. Here, we report that platelets from HIV-infected individuals on combined antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) with low blood CD4+ T cell counts (<350 cells/μl) contained replication-competent HIV despite viral suppression. In vitro, human platelets harboring HIV propagated the virus to macrophages, a process that could be prevented with the biologic abciximab, an anti–integrin αIIb/β3 Fab. Furthermore, in our cohort, 88% of HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and with platelets containing HIV were poor immunological responders with CD4+ T cell counts remaining below <350 cells/μl for more than one year. Our study suggests that platelets may be transient carriers of HIV and may provide an alternative pathway for HIV dissemination in HIV-infected individuals on ART with viral suppression and poor CD4+ T cell recovery.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida pelliculosa clinical isolates

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Barchiesi ◽  
A M Tortorano ◽  
L Falconi Di Francesco ◽  
A Rigoni ◽  
A Giacometti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Optimal Drug ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Dna Types

At the Istituto Ricovero Cura Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy, Candida pelliculosa accounted for 3.3 and 4.4 % of all Candida species other than Candida albicans collected during 1996 and 1998, respectively. Genetic variability was investigated by electrophoretic karyotyping and inter-repeat PCR, and the susceptibility to five antifungal agents of 46 strains isolated from 37 patients during these 2 years was determined. Combination of the two typing methods yielded 14 different DNA types. Although the majority of DNA types were randomly distributed among different units, one DNA type was significantly more common in patients hospitalized in a given unit compared with those from other wards (P = 0.034), whereas another DNA type was more frequently isolated in patients hospitalized during 1996 than in those hospitalized during 1998 (P = 0.002). Fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole MIC90 values were 16, 1 and 4 μg ml−1, respectively. All isolates but three were susceptible in vitro to flucytosine. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to amphotericin B. These data suggest that there are possible relationships among strains of C. pelliculosa, wards and time of isolation. Amphotericin B seems to be the optimal drug therapy in infections due to this yeast species.

scholarly journals The role of chondroprotectors in the pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
L. K. Peshekhonova ◽  
P. A. Krasyukov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Vitro Effect

The article is devoted to third-generation slow-modifying chondroprotective drug therapy including Alflutop. The evidence-based  medicine showed and substantiated in vitro effect of the drug on the pathogenetic processes in the cartilage tissue, its promotion  of the inflammation regression in the musculoskeletal system. The authors present a series of clinical studies of top osteoarthritis doctors, which showed that Alflutop had an anti-inflammatory, chondroprotective, analgesic effect, and that the administration of  the drug allowed patients to reduce the doses of NSAIDs, and it could be used in patients with comorbid diseases. 

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Activities of Antifungal Agents against Fusarium solani

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1256-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guarro ◽  
I. Pujol ◽  
E. Mayayo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Disseminated Infection

ABSTRACT In the treatment of disseminated Fusarium infections, amphotericin B either alone or in combination with flucytosine and rifampin is the drug therapy most frequently used. The efficacy of these antifungal drugs was evaluated in a murine disseminated-infection model, with five strains of Fusarium solani. All the treatments were clearly ineffective.

scholarly journals Review of the Mechanical Behavior of Different Implant–Abutment Connections

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8685
Author(s):  
Ana Sofia Vinhas ◽  
Carlos Aroso ◽  
Filomena Salazar ◽  
Paula López-Jarana ◽  
José Vicente Ríos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Screw Loosening ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Connection Type ◽  
Ebsco Host ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions ◽  
External Connections

Introduction: Different implant–abutment connections have been developed to reduce mechanical and biological failure. The most frequent complications are loss of preload, screw loosening, abutment or implant fracture, deformations at the different interfaces, and bacterial microleakage. Aim: To review the evidence indicating whether the implant–abutment connection type is significant regarding the following issues: (1) maintenance of the preload in static and dynamic in vitro studies; (2) assessment of possible deformations at the implant–abutment interfaces, after repeated application of the tightening torque; (3) evaluation of the sealing capability of different implant connections against microleakage. Materials and Methods: In June 2020, an electronic literature search was performed in Medline, EBSCO host, and PubMed databases. The search was focused on the ability of different implant connections to maintain preload, resist deformation after tightening and retightening, and prevent microleakage. The related titles and abstracts available in English were screened, and the articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text reading. Results: The literature search conducted for this review initially resulted in 68 articles, among which 19 articles and 1 systematic review fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. The studies were divided according to the three proposed objectives, with some studies falling into more than one category (maintenance of preload, surface abutment–implant deformation, and resistance to microleakage). Conclusions: Conical abutment appears to result in fewer mechanical complications, such as screw loosening or fractures, and higher torque preservation. After SEM evaluation, damage was observed in the threads of the abutment screws, before and after loading in internal and external connections. Internal hexagon implants and predominantly internal conical (Morse taper) implants showed less microleakage in dynamic loading conditions. We suggest further studies to guarantee excellence in methodological quality.

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