POLYPHENOLS IN OLIVE LEAVES AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ROLE -A BRIEF REVIEW

Exercise and sports can often be associated with oxidative stress, which is why modulation of oxidative stress in these situations is important. One of the natural remedies that has proven to be very useful antioxidant, due to its composition, is the oliveleaf extract.Olive leaves. The leaves are considered a by-product of the olive. Freezing techniques as well as leaf drying techniques influence the composition in polyphenols. The leaves have a high content of bioactive phenolic compounds. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein, followed by hydroxytyrosol. Olive leaves have been used in the human diet in the form of extracts, tea and powder but also in the realization of traditional remedies in the Mediterranean countries. The compounds in olive leaves have been shown to have multiple beneficial properties, such as antioxidants. compared to olive oil.Instead of conclusions.Due to their rich polyphenolic composition, olive leaves have strong antioxidant effects, proven by traditional use and scientific studies.

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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽

Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽

Soran K. Najmaldin ◽

Zaw Min Thu ◽

Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Total Antioxidant

A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.

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Kaolin impacts on hormonal balance, polyphenolic composition and oenological parameters in red grapevine berries during ripening

Journal of Berry Research ◽

10.3233/jbr-210737 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Sara Bernardo ◽

Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽

Nelson Machado ◽

Ana Barros ◽

Marta Pitarch-Bielsa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Growing Season ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Polyphenolic Composition ◽

Berry Ripening ◽

Hormonal Balance ◽

Summer Stress ◽

Fruit Damage ◽

Stress Signals

BACKGROUND: Kaolin particle-film application is a well-known strategy to avoid fruit damage. However, its putative role in balancing berry ripening under a changing climate remains poorly explored. OBJECTIVE: We assessed kaolin treatment effect on several ripening berry components, hormonal balance and oenological parameters of the field-grown Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga–Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties at veraison (EL35) and ripening (EL38) during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). RESULTS: Under the adverse summer conditions (two heatwave events) of 2017, kaolin application increased 211.2 %and 51.4 %the salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in TF berries at EL38, while no significant differences were observed in TN. Conversely, TF, and TN kaolin treated berries showed lower SA and ABA accumulation in 2018, respectively. Tartaric acid content increased about 17.2 %, and 24.2 %in TF and TN treated berries at stage EL35 in the 2017 growing season. Though kaolin treatment had no consistent effect on anthocyanins accumulation, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols and tannins increased in kaolin treated grapevines in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the key role of climate in triggering ripening related processes and fruit quality potential. Nevertheless, kaolin treated grapevines displayed an improved response to oxidative stress signals by increasing secondary metabolites accumulation in warm vintages. Kaolin application promoted different varietal responses, with a possible ripening delaying effect in TF, reinforcing its efficiency in alleviating severe summer stress impacts.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2018/2879793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andra-Diana Andreicut ◽

Alina Elena Pârvu ◽

Augustin Cătălin Mot ◽

Marcel Pârvu ◽

Eva Fischer Fodor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Stress Index ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mahonia Aquifolium ◽

Antioxidant Effects

Oxidative stress and inflammation are interlinked processes. The aim of the study was to perform a phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic Mahonia aquifolium flower (MF), green fruit (MGF), and ripe fruit (MRF) extracts. Plant extract chemical composition was evaluated by HLPC. A DPPH test was used for the in vitro antioxidant activity. The in vivo antioxidant effects and the anti-inflammatory potential were tested on a rat turpentine oil-induced inflammation, by measuring serum nitric oxide (NOx) and TNF-alpha, total oxidative status (TOS), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), oxidative stress index (OSI), 3-nitrothyrosine (3NT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiols (SH). Extracts were administrated orally in three dilutions (100%, 50%, and 25%) for seven days prior to inflammation. The effects were compared to diclofenac. The HPLC polyphenol and alkaloid analysis revealed chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound. All extracts had a good in vitro antioxidant activity, decreased NOx, TOS, and 3NT, and increased SH. TNF-alpha was reduced, and TAR increased only by MF and MGF. MDA was not influenced. Our findings suggest that M. aquifolium has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that support the use in primary prevention of the inflammatory processes.

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Insights into the Relation between Oxidative Stress and Malaria: A Mechanistic and Therapeutic Approach

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

10.20455/ros.2021.m.805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Abhijit Sarkar ◽

Swarnendu Basak ◽

Sumit Ghosh ◽

Sushweta Mahalanobish ◽

Parames C. Sil

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Malarial Parasite ◽

Malarial Infection ◽

Parasitic Load ◽

Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Oxidative Insult

The mortality rate due to malaria has increased tremendously in the last decade. Even though the causative agent of this disease is known, the preventive measures are not potent enough to control the spread of this disease. Malarial infection involves a strong interrelationship between oxidative stress and pathogenesis. This review addresses the various oxidative stress-related mechanisms associated with vector defense, host immunity, plasmodial pathogenesis, and corresponding therapeutic strategies. The mechanisms involving host and vector defense show both similarity and contradiction to the processes involving plasmodial pathogenesis under different circumstances. Therefore, corresponding ameliorative peculiarities are observed in the therapeutic mechanisms adopted by the anti-malarial drugs. The malarial parasite augments oxidative stress to weaken the host and exerts antioxidant effects against host defense mechanisms. However, the anti-malarial drugs induce oxidative insult to reduce parasitic load and exert antioxidant effects against parasite infection-induced oxidative stress in host. Thus, the anti-malarial drugs exhibit antioxidant activity in hosts and/or pro-oxidant activity in parasites.

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Antioxidant effects of a dietary supplement: Reduction of indices of oxidative stress in normal subjects by water-soluble chitosan

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2008.10.015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 104-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Makoto Anraku ◽

Takeshi Fujii ◽

Nobuko Furutani ◽

Daisuke Kadowaki ◽

Toru Maruyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dietary Supplement ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Antioxidant Effects

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Antioxidant Effects of Short-Neck Clam (Tapes philippinarum) Water Extract Containing Taurine Against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Taurine 10 ◽

10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_82 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1035-1046

Author(s):

Dong-Sung Lee ◽

Seung-Hong Lee ◽

You-Jin Jeon ◽

Sun Hee Cheong

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Water Extract ◽

Zebrafish Embryos ◽

Short Neck ◽

Tapes Philippinarum ◽

Antioxidant Effects

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ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SWERTIA CHIRATA ON HYPOXIA-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WISTAR RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i1.28502 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Kritika Kaushal ◽

Harvinder Singh ◽

Anil Kant Thakur

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Function ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hepatic Damage ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Swertia Chirata ◽

Liver Functions

Objective: Swertia chirata has been used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat several ailments such as hepatic disorders. However, the mechanistic and experimental justification to its traditional use is lacking. The present study was aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of S. chirata during hypoxia (HYP)-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats and to determine the underlying mechanism.Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata was prepared using Soxhlet extraction. Animals were divided into six groups (n=5). Animals in the HYP groups were subjected to HYP for 3 days (10% O2) to induce oxidative stress and hepatic damage. 50 and 100 mg/kg extract treatments were provided orally once daily for 7 days after which animals were sacrificed, and biochemical investigations for oxidative stress, liver function tests, and hepatic histopathology were performed.Results: HYP-induced marked oxidative stress as indicated by the significantly elevated mitochondrial ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and depleted catalase levels. Liver function test indicated hepatic damage as the levels of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and aspartate transaminase were significantly elevated in HYP animals. S. chirata treatment alleviated oxidative stress and improved liver functions in a dose-dependent manner. Liver histopathology confirmed the marked hepatic damage induced by HYP and revealed that S. chirata efficiently rescued liver from hypoxic damage.Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. chirata is a potent hepatoprotective intervention which was associated with its potential to alleviate oxidative stress and improve liver functions. Moreover, it could find clinical application as a safer and alternative remedy for liver ailments.

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Antioxidative, antimitotic, and DNA-damaging activities of Garcinia kola stem bark, Uvaria chamae root, and Olax subscorpioidea root used in the ethnotherapy of cancers

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0073 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Temidayo D. Popoola ◽

Olufunsho Awodele ◽

Folashayo Babawale ◽

Oluwatoyin Oguns ◽

Olawale Onabanjo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Acid Pretreatment ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Scge Assay

AbstractGarcinia kola (GK) stem bark, Uvaria chamae (UC) root, and Olax subscorpioidea (OS) root are components of various indigenous/traditional anticancer regimens. It is, therefore, possible that they might combat oxidative stress and impair cellular proliferation linked to carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative, mito-depressive, and DNA-damaging activities of the three plant extracts in order to provide further mechanistic insights into their potential anticancer roles in documented cancer remedies that include them. Antioxidative properties were investigated in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays and an animal model of drug (cisplatin)-induced oxidative stress. The Allium cepa assay and the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay were used to assess mito-depressive and DNA-damaging activities. GK and OS showed significantly higher antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay than ascorbic acid; OS had the lowest IC50 of the three plants in the NO assay, comparable to that of ascorbic acid. Pretreatment with the extracts produced an ameliorative and protective effect against the cisplatin-induced oxidative stress as shown by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and improved or restored reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. In the Allium test, the three extracts produced significant decreases in root growth and also significant cytotoxicity as evidenced by decreased mitotic index. Each of the extracts also showed significantly increased tail DNA (%) in the SCGE assay, indicating the significant DNA-damaging effect. Taken together, this study demonstrates the possible chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials of the three study extracts, which may explain the roles of their source plants in traditional remedies in the therapy of cancers.

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Withaferin A Exerts Preventive Effect on Liver Fibrosis through Oxidative Stress Inhibition in a Sirtuin 3-Dependent Manner

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/2452848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Jingya Gu ◽

Chang Chen ◽

Jue Wang ◽

Tingting Chen ◽

Wenjuan Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Withaferin A ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sirtuin 3 ◽

Antifibrogenic Effect ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

Sirt3 Expression ◽

Bioactive Constituent

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a deacetylase involved in the development of many inflammation-related diseases including liver fibrosis. Withaferin A (WFA) is a bioactive constituent derived from the Withania somnifera plant, which has extensive pharmacological activities; however, little is known about the regulatory role of SIRT3 in the WFA-induced antifibrogenic effect. The current study is aimed at investigating the role of SIRT3 in WFA-induced antioxidant effects in liver fibrosis. Our study verified that WFA attenuated platelet-derived growth factor BB- (PDGF-BB-) induced liver fibrosis and promoted PDGF-BB-induced SIRT3 activity and expression in JS1 cells. SIRT3 silencing attenuated the antifibrogenic and antioxidant effects of WFA in activated JS1 cells. Moreover, WFA inhibited carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced liver injury, collagen deposition, and fibrosis; increased the SIRT3 expression; and suppressed the CCl4-induced oxidative stress in fibrotic livers of C57/BL6 mice. Furthermore, the antifibrogenic and antioxidant effects of WFA could be available in CCl4-induced WT (129S1/SvImJ) mice but were unavailable in CCl4-induced SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice. Our study suggested that WFA inhibited liver fibrosis through the inhibition of oxidative stress in a SIRT3-dependent manner. WFA could be a potential compound for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

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