scholarly journals Rewilding Cognition: Complex Dynamics in Open Experimental Systems

10.36850/e4 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Ross ◽  
Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
First Order ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Matching Pair

Insight problems are sometimes designed to encourage an incorrect and misleading interpretation that veils a simple answer. The socks problem is one such problem: Given black socks and brown socks in a drawer mixed in a ratio of four to five, how many socks will you have to take out to make sure that you have a pair of the same color? The ratio information is misleading since, with only two colors, pulling three socks will guarantee a matching pair. Recently, offered a distinction between first- and second-order problem-solving: The former proceeds with and through a physical model of the problem, while the latter proceeds in the absence of such interactions with the world, in other words on the basis of mental processes alone. Vallée-Tourangeau and March also proposed a thought experiment, suggesting that the ratio information in the socks problem might be quickly abandoned in a first-order environment, that is, one where participants observe the results of drawing socks out of a bag rather than imagining themselves doing so. We tested this prediction by randomly allocating participants to a low- (second-order) or high- (first-order) interactivity condition. Marginally more participants announced the correct answer within a 5-minute period in the high than in the low condition, although the difference was not significant. Detailed analysis of the video recording revealed the challenges of operationalizing a second-order condition, as participants engaged in dialogical interactions with the experimenter. In addition, the manner in which the high-interactivity condition was designed appeared to encourage the physical reification of the misleading ratio, thus anchoring that information more firmly rather than defusing it through interactivity. We close the paper with some reflections on wide, or systemic, cognition in experimental research on creative problem-solving.

From First-Order Coherence to Higher-Order Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneaki Miyahara
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

The difference between first-order and second-order coherence of synchrotron radiation is discussed in relation to how they can be measured and how they affect the noise characteristics of future free-electron lasers.

First and Second Order Wave-Current Interactions for Floating Bodies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Monroy ◽  
Yann Giorgiutti ◽  
Xiao-Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Field Method ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Boundary Integral Method ◽  
Diffraction Radiation ◽  
Floating Bodies ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wave Drift Damping ◽  
Order Quantities

The influence of current in sea-keeping problems is felt not only for first order quantities such as wave run-ups in front of the structure, but also mainly for second order quantities. In particular, the wave drift damping (which is expressed as the derivative of drift force with respect to the current) is of special interest for mooring systems. The interaction effects of a double-body steady flow on wave diffraction-radiation is studied through a decomposition of the time-harmonic potential into linear and interaction components. A boundary integral method is used to solve the first order problem. Ultimately, a far-field method is proposed to get access to second order drift forces.

Second-Order Diffraction Forces on an Array of Vertical Cylinders in Bichromatic Bidirectional Waves

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vazquez ◽  
A. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Finite Depth ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
Arbitrary Cross Section ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wave Directionality ◽  
Vertical Cylinders ◽  
Green Function Approach

A complete second-order solution is presented for the hydrodynamic forces due to the action of bichromatic, bidirectional waves on an array of bottom-mounted, surface-piercing cylinders of arbitrary cross section in water of uniform finite depth. Based on the constant structural cross section, the first-order problem is solved utilizing a two-dimensional Green function approach, while an assisting radiation potential approach is used to obtain the hydrodynamic loads due to the second-order potential. Results are presented which illustrate the influence of wave directionality on the second-order sum and difference frequency hydrodynamic forces on a two-cylinder array. It is found that wave directionality may have a significant influence on the second-order hydrodynamic forces on these arrays and that the assumption of unidirectional waves does not always lead to conservative estimates of the second-order loading.

A Lagrangian solution for internal waves

1985 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Internal Waves ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Stratified Fluid ◽  
Second Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Lagrangian Equations ◽  
Lagrangian Solution ◽  
Lagrangian Coordinate ◽  
Sinusoidal Shape ◽  
The Difference

A perturbation procedure is used to obtain first- and second-order solutions for small-amplitude internal waves in a Lagrangian coordinate system. The first-order Lagrangian equations are formally accurate to the same order as the first-order Eulerian equations; however, they are different and the Lagrangian solution gives a more realistic wave shape. First-order Lagrangian solutions for internal waves in uniformly stratified fluid have a shape similar to that found in the second-order Eulerian solution. Wave profiles in uniformly stratified fluid exhibit broad crests and narrow troughs near the surface, a sinusoidal shape at mid-depth, and narrow crests and broad troughs near the bottom. The difference between the shape of crests and troughs grows as the wave amplitude is increased. Solutions obtained in a uniformly stratified fluid with a small bottom slope yield plausible shapes for breaking waves.

A NEW LOOK AT THE DUAL DEPTH OF INVESTIGATION OF LWD PROPAGATION RESISTIVITY LOGGING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Li Wang ◽  
◽  
Dean Homan ◽  
David Maggs ◽  
David Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
Attenuation Measurement ◽  
First Order ◽  
Dielectric Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Resistivity Logging

It is well established that phase shift and attenuation measurements acquired by an electromagnetic propagation tool come with different depths of investigation (DOI). The attenuation measurement sees deeper into the formation than the phase shift measurement. This difference has been reported not only for the 2 MHz propagation resistivity tool, but also for the deep propagation tool that operates at 25 MHz. Although the difference has been demonstrated with modeling, test tank experiments and logs, a complete physical explanation has been notably absent since the introduction of the MHz-frequency propagation logging in 1980s. The question is so intriguing that it has been raised repeatedly over the past decades: what drives the difference of DOI for the two measurements that are acquired with the same electromagnetic field? In this paper, we revisit this problem with an aim of providing a physical insight to bridge the gap between theory and application. This is an extension of our recent work on the theory of apparent conductivity for propagation measurements. We address the problem by applying high-order geometric theory for low-frequency electromagnetic problems in lossy media in conjunction with the Taylor series expansion for the voltage ratio measured by a propagation tool. In so doing, we find that in a resistive formation where the dielectric effect is small: 1) the phase shift measurement is primarily due to the first-order eddy current induced in the formation; 2) in contrast, the leading source of the attenuation measurement is the second-order eddy current. Since the second-order eddy current is more spread out than the first-order eddy current, this explains why the DOI of attenuation resistivity is larger than that of phase shift resistivity. The difference in spatial distribution of two eddy currents is also the reason for the difference of vertical resolution between the two. The same root cause for the difference of DOI and vertical resolution also holds when comparing R-signal and X-signal from induction resistivity logging. Other properties shared by propagation and induction resistivity logging will be discussed, such as skin effect and dielectric effect, as well as their asymptotic properties in high-resistivity formations. We conclude that propagation and induction resistivity logging are essentially similar, even though the two measurement principles may seem rather different.

The Von Neumann-Mullins Theory of Grain Growth – Valid or Not?!

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasar S. Shvindlerman ◽  
Günter Gottstein ◽  
Anthony D. Rollett
Keyword(s):  
Relative Rate ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
First Order ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Grain Topology

We present a new analysis of the relative rate of growth or shrinkage of grains in a two-dimensional network, based on the classical Von Neumann-Mullins (VN-M) analysis. We find that an analysis of the stability of the grain shape during shrinkage or growth shows that any change in the regular 2D grain leads to changes in the shape. We also re-examine a recent analysis that claims to have invalidated the VN-M relationship, but find that it is still valid, and that the cited analysis, in fact, confused a second order correction with a first order problem, partly because their derivation was in error. The erroneous magnitude of the discrepancy led them to use unphysical issues to explain the discrepancy. The way in which the curvature is distributed along the perimeter of a grain only gives rise only to second order corrections to the rate of change of area as a function of grain topology (number of sides).

scholarly journals First- and Second-Order Full-Differential in Edge Analysis of Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dong-Mei Pu ◽  
Yu-Bo Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Control Parameter ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Canny Operator ◽  
First Order ◽  
Good Selection ◽  
Pascal Voc ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Selection Of

Two concepts of first- and second-order differential of images are presented to deal with the changes of pixels. These are the basic ideas in mathematics. We propose and reformulate them with a uniform definition framework. Based on our observation and analysis with the difference, we propose an algorithm to detect the edge from image. Experiments on Corel5K and PASCAL VOC 2007 are done to show the difference between the first order and the second order. After comparison with Canny operator and the proposed first-order differential, the main result is that the second-order differential has the better performance in analysis of changes of the context of images with good selection of control parameter.

scholarly journals Role of lean leadership in the lean maturity—second-order problem-solving relationship: a mixed methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026737
Author(s):  
Arie Bijl ◽  
Kees Ahaus ◽  
Gwenny Ruël ◽  
Paul Gemmel ◽  
Bert Meijboom
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Leadership Practices ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Order Problem ◽  
Quality Improvement Programme ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Nursing Teams

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between lean adoption and problem-solving behaviour in nursing teams, and to explore the practices of lean leaders on nursing wards to reveal how they can stimulate second-order problem-solving within their teams.DesignA mixed-methods retrospective multiple case study using semistructured interviews. Interview data were used to assess the level of lean maturity (based on a customised validated instrument) and the level of second-order problem-solving (based on scenarios). Within-case and cross-case analyses were employed to identify lean leadership practices.Setting14 nursing teams, with different levels of lean maturity, in a Dutch hospital.ParticipantsThree members of each nursing team were interviewed: the team leader, one nurse from the ward’s core team for the lean-based quality improvement programme and one nurse outside the core team.InterventionsThe nursing teams were in various phases of a lean-based quality improvement programme: ‘The Productive Ward – Releasing Time to Care’.ResultsA strongly significant positive relationship between lean maturity and second-order problem-solving was found: β=0.68, R2=0.46, p<0.001. Further, the results indicated a potential strengthening effect of lean leadership on this relationship. Seven lean leadership practices emerged from the data collected in a nursing ward setting: (1) convincing and setting an example; (2) unlocking individual and team potential; (3) solving problems systematically; (4) enthusing, actively participating and visualising; (5) developing self-managing teams; (6) sensing, as orchestrator, what is needed for change; and (7) listening, sharing information and appreciating. These practices have a strong link with transformational leadership.ConclusionsAs lean matures, nursing teams reach a higher level of second-order problem-solving. In later stages, lean leaders increasingly relinquish responsibility by developing self-managing teams.

scholarly journals Kajian Wacana Percakapan di Facebook

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
M. Afifulloh
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Media ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Internet Networks

There are two types of languages currently used by humans, namely written language and spoken language. These two languages are used separately for different purposes. But in its development, written language and spoken language are used simultaneously so that now the term discussing chatting. This paper attempts to examine the development of these types of languages both from structuralist and functionalist glasses. The two major schools eventually brought this study to the point of problems regarding language, namely discourse. Discourse studies are able to examine languages ranging from words, phrases, clauses, and sentences comprehensively both first order meaning and second order meaning. The result of the study shows that the discourse on Facebook is a different discourse from other forms of discourse. The difference lies in its media, the shape of the text, and the nature of the text. The media is a forum that can be found in cyberspace through computer devices and internet networks. The form of text is in the form of a written conversation between two people or even more. In these conversations between the speaker and the partner do not deal directly but can directly comment, refute, criticize, or approve the opinions of the speaker. The grammatical elements of internet languages are very different which are shown through the structure of the sentence, the presentation of words, and inflection of words. Many choices of words or alphabet that are not everyday language. As an example appears @ (read at), dotcom which is more or less heard by the media

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document