scholarly journals Chagall’s Green and Yellow Jews: Painting Race in Russia and Post-Dreyfus France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryclaire Koch
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Type I ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual

In early twentieth century Paris, the Russian Jewish artist Marc Chagall began a series painting Eastern European Jews in hues of green, yellow, and red. The paintings were based upon Chagall’s childhood memories, as well as his personal encounters with Jews in the shtetl. They were also portraits of a universal social type. I argue that Chagall’s experiences as a Jew in both France and Russia influenced this series. He repeatedly depicted archetypes of the Jew such as Rabbis and klezmers. Yet he visibly altered these archetypes via non-naturalist hues of green, yellow, and red. This play on skin color served to both signify and destabilize perceptions of racial differences that underscored French and Russian society at the time. These perceptions included a range of Jewish phenotypes, and, particularly in France, took their most extreme form in the dichotomy between blackness and whiteness. Chagall’s multicolored images of Jews illuminate the roles of both the individual and the collective imagination in shaping these perceptions of race. As such, these paintings offer a compelling view of racial identity as existing somewhere between the psychic and the social. That is, they reveal racial identities as phantasms—illusions that, despite their immaterial nature, are linked to the social sphere. In emphasizing this phantasmatic aspect of race, they offered a form of political resistance to the racial politics that, coursing through post-Dreyfus France and Russia, would have widespread and devastating consequences on Jews and other dispersed populations throughout Europe in the decades to come. In more general terms, this analysis of Chagall’s paintings of Jews demonstrates the power of art and visual culture as a means of both producing and reconfiguring notions of identity within political and social spheres.

A Moment to Come Together: Personal Reflections on Trayvon Martin

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Roxanne Christensen ◽  
LaSonia Barlow ◽  
Demetrius E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Professional Psychology ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
Professional Responses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
Unique Individual

Three personal reflections provided by doctoral students of the Michigan School of Professional Psychology (Farmington Hills, Michigan) address identification of individual perspectives on the tragic events surrounding Trayvon Martin’s death. The historical ramifications of a culture-in-context and the way civil rights, racism, and community traumatization play a role in the social construction of criminals are explored. A justice orientation is applied to both the community and the individual via internal reflection about the unique individual and collective roles social justice plays in the outcome of these events. Finally, the personal and professional responses of a practitioner who is also a mother of minority young men brings to light the need to educate against stereotypes, assist a community to heal, and simultaneously manage the direct effects of such events on youth in society. In all three essays, common themes of community and growth are addressed from varying viewpoints. As worlds collided, a historical division has given rise to a present unity geared toward breaking the cycle of violence and trauma. The authors plead that if there is no other service in the name of this tragedy, let it at least contribute to the actualization of a society toward growth and healing.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

Developing algorithms to optimize the Russian regions' social overheads advancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-299
Author(s):  
Valerii P. CHICHKANOV ◽  
Aleksandra V. VASIL'EVA
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Subject. This article analyzes the effectiveness of public administration in the social sphere. Objectives. The article aims to standardize the decision-making process for managing the region's social development through statistical analysis techniques. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and cluster analyses. Results. The article highlights weaknesses in the development of the social sphere and assesses the relationship between the individual areas of its development, and the effectiveness of its financing. It offers algorithms that take into account the patterns of social development and the specifics of certain types of economic activity. Conclusions. The results obtained were used to develop algorithms to optimize the development of the social sphere at the regional level. The socio-economic differentiation of the Russian Federation subjects in a number of regions requires an analysis of the specifics of the development of the social sphere of the region under consideration and adjustments to the proposed algorithms.

Reconsidering Arnold Van Gennep’s Les rites de passage from the perspective of ‘Performance Studies’

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruthie Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Three Phases

This article probes into the performative dimensions embedded in Arnold Van Gennep’s book Les rites de passage. Focusing on the tripartite structure of Van Gennep’s ritual scheme, I argue that its current reigning interpretations underestimate what “Performance Studies” heightens: not the ritual and its consequences, but the dynamic passage—the durational procession—delineates the affiliation of the individual to society and outlines the transformative actions a community must undergo in order to secure its survival through time. Thus, rather than focusing on liminality as the pivot of rites of passage, this article addresses the agency of the passage between the three phases of Van Gennep’s ritual model. I offer three central dimensions essential to Performance Studies, through which performativity in Les rites de passage is re-examined: the incursion of the fictional into the social sphere, compulsive repetition, and embodied dynamics are inextricably interrelated dimensions of the processual formation of a tightly knit community through rituals.

Healing the Civic Body: Darren O’Donnell’s Social Acupuncture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wray
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Diving Reflex ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Come ◽  
Artistic Director ◽  
The Relationship

Darren O’Donnell (b. 1965) is a writer, director, actor, playwright, and designer, and the artistic director of the highly decorated Mammalian Diving Reflex. My study is focused on his work in social acupuncture, outlined in his Social Acupuncture: A guide to suicide, performance, and utopia (2006). Social acupuncture is a style of theatre/performance art that “blurs the line between art and life,”impelling people to come together in unusual ways and tap into the power of the social sphere. With social acupuncture, O’Donnell and Mammalian Diving Reflex are striving to create an aesthetic of civic engagement: an avenue through which social edifices like public space, schools, and the media can be used as the armature for the mounting of work that “takes modest glances at simple power dynamics and, for a moment, provides a glimpse of other possibilities.” Mammalian Diving Reflex began their exploration of the form in the summer of 2003 with The Talking Creature, and since then have devised and performed almost two‐ dozen similar “needles” worldwide.Social acupuncture warrants examination not only from a socio‐ political perspective, but through a theatrical lens, as well. It probes the relationship between audience and performer, raises questions about theatre’s ability to keep up with other media in the digital age, and offers tremendous insight into the potential for positive, fruitful intersections between art and civil society.  My project will include theoretical examination of O’Donnell’s work, as well as practical exploration of the form’s potential.

The Origin of Cumulative Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Noël Haidle
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Human Characteristic

Cumulative culture is widely seen as a uniquely human characteristic involving distinct cognitive and behavioral performances. In searching for its origin, different factors have been suggested as crucial, based on comparative studies, and dates proposed as to when cumulative culture may have emerged in human evolution. This chapter reviews possible factors, suggesting that several are necessary, not only in the social sphere but also in the individual and environmental spheres. These interdependent factors have developed in three developmental dimensions (evolutionary-biological, ontogenetic-individual, and historical-social) in interaction with the specific environment. The interplay of basic factors and developmental dimensions shows a slow and gradual development of cumulative culture from its basis to simple and advanced donated culture. The onset of cumulative culture is concluded not to have been a single-trait event that occurred in a relatively short time but rather, the result of multifactorial and gradual processes that unfolded over millions of years.

Anthropologische Voraussetzungen einer Theorie der Sozialisation / Anthropological Foundations of a Theory of Socialization

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Claessens
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Socialization Theory ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractAnthropology today consists of statements about the evolution of the mammals resulting in man; it could provide the counterpoint to mans plasticity (GEHLEN) and implies the assumption that man is not capable of unlimited educational moulding.The subsistence of life in general requires a complementary and affine environment. With the evolution of (bi- parental) care of young, the development of „existing“ - that is, biologically possible - dispositions and competences becomes more highly contingent; personality development in each individual depends on the timeley offer of appropriate external stimuli for the inner mechanisms.COUNT’s concept of the biogram points the correspondence between the constitution of an organism (as a product of its evolution) and its behavior. However, his emphasis on the continuity of evolutionary prerequisites of human culture with the tendencies of mammal and primate evolution fails to grasp the particular complexity of the human biogram. The realization of man’s social, sexual and linguistic competence entangles him necessarily in cultural and social networks, thus the extent to which such competences exist even as possibilities depends on the opportunities for such participation. Precondition for their realization is the isolation from selective pressures through the group (H. MILLER). This relieves the individual from specialization towards the environment and at the same time requires that he specializes in aiding the survival of the group as such. The (social and sexual) tendencies which lead to building a group are thereafter modified by the genesis of principally new social relationships and new real needs. Constitutive for the specifically human development is „work“, which may be defined as the consequence of intending or wanting something which one cannot do alone. Language is a necessary product and prerequisite of planned (not merely ad hoc) work. This may be seen as the threshold which defines the evolving species as „man“.If human nature is then the necessity incessantly to come to terms with the consequences of realizing competence, it has in historical fact developed as inequality of adaptive pressure within the society and towards the environment. It is thus not possible to speak of a general human social, sexual or linguistics competence, as the lack of developmental opportunity deforms or destroys the competence. The anthropological concept of competence must therefore be historically specified. Socialization theory must begin by analyzing the (social) sources of impediments to the development and the realization of competence before it can describe abstractly the conditions for the chance of realization.

The 2019 Social Protests in Latin America: Global Context and Ecuadorian Case-Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
A. N. Pyatakov
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
To Come

The paper examines the phenomenon of global social protests that spread in 2019 across more than 20 countries. The author considers the most striking manifestations of this phenomenon that occurred in the Middle East, North Africa, Western Europe, and Asia. The paper provides a periodization of several waves of anti-globalization movement in the 21st century, whereby the current global unrest represents the third wave. The author identifies specific features of each stage and outlines a growing trend towards politicization and exacerbation of violence. Particular emphasis is made on how the protests in Latin America developed in time and space, as they spread to at least eight states of the region: Haiti, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Columbia. In each country, protests were triggered by a peculiar set of internal factors which are not susceptible to easy generalization. In order to come nearer to the understanding of the new global phenomenon the author puts forward several socio-philosophical hypotheses. In particular, the possibility of internationalization of the French ‘yellow vests’ movement, its transfer and adaptation to other countries affected by protests, is noted. In that regard the paper outlines certain ‘channels’ for exporting the French protests to Latin America, including migration and cultural ties. The author stresses that although socio-economic explanations of the global protest phenomenon that focus on such issues as the growth of inequality and social polarization, are correct, they are insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of the new and complex phenomenon. As an alternative, the author suggests using the concept of ‘social singularity’. The paper considers the key features of this concept, including the idea that contemporary global social sphere is functioning in an online mode, allowing for increased speed of social interaction and communication on a global scale. Finally, the paper examines the causes and the development of the social unrest that broke out in Ecuador and served as a starting point for escalating the protest movement in Latin America in 2019.

scholarly journals Socialization of an individual: individualism and collectivism as reference points of the transformed society

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Kokh ◽  
Rustam S. Devityarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New System

The problems of an individual’s socialization have always been relevant, but in the conditions of deep transformation of social institutions of the Russian society, they have become particularly acute and important. The radical nature of the reforms have determined the features of the social state, which consist in the formation of a fundamentally new social reality. The transition to a market economy and consumer society has led to a radical change in the world outlook, values, and value orientations of the population. In these conditions, new approaches to the socialization of the individual, the formation of qualities, and value orientations corresponding to the market society are necessary. The purpose of the article lies in determining the initial principles of human socialization in the changed Russian society based on the analysis of existing approaches in scientific knowledge. For this purpose, the authors have employed the methods of analysis and comparison of existing concepts of socialization. This article presents an analysis of socialization theories of domestic and foreign researchers, analysis of economic and socio-cultural factors in the formation of a new system of values and value orientations in Russian society. The scientific novelty of the article consists in the proposal to consider a balanced combination of individualism and collectivism as the initial principles of personal socialization in the process of forming new values and value orientations of individuals, as well as to consider the socialization of the individual in relation to the socialization of economic relations. The choice of a balanced and harmonious combination of individualism and collectivism as a guideline for the socialization of the individual in the transformed Russian society allows us to build a new system of socialization. This requires new methods of socialization of the individual, new ideological and value content of the social space.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document