The 2019 Social Protests in Latin America: Global Context and Ecuadorian Case-Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-43
Author(s):  
A. N. Pyatakov
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
To Come

The paper examines the phenomenon of global social protests that spread in 2019 across more than 20 countries. The author considers the most striking manifestations of this phenomenon that occurred in the Middle East, North Africa, Western Europe, and Asia. The paper provides a periodization of several waves of anti-globalization movement in the 21st century, whereby the current global unrest represents the third wave. The author identifies specific features of each stage and outlines a growing trend towards politicization and exacerbation of violence. Particular emphasis is made on how the protests in Latin America developed in time and space, as they spread to at least eight states of the region: Haiti, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Columbia. In each country, protests were triggered by a peculiar set of internal factors which are not susceptible to easy generalization. In order to come nearer to the understanding of the new global phenomenon the author puts forward several socio-philosophical hypotheses. In particular, the possibility of internationalization of the French ‘yellow vests’ movement, its transfer and adaptation to other countries affected by protests, is noted. In that regard the paper outlines certain ‘channels’ for exporting the French protests to Latin America, including migration and cultural ties. The author stresses that although socio-economic explanations of the global protest phenomenon that focus on such issues as the growth of inequality and social polarization, are correct, they are insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of the new and complex phenomenon. As an alternative, the author suggests using the concept of ‘social singularity’. The paper considers the key features of this concept, including the idea that contemporary global social sphere is functioning in an online mode, allowing for increased speed of social interaction and communication on a global scale. Finally, the paper examines the causes and the development of the social unrest that broke out in Ecuador and served as a starting point for escalating the protest movement in Latin America in 2019.

Healing the Civic Body: Darren O’Donnell’s Social Acupuncture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wray
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Diving Reflex ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Come ◽  
Artistic Director ◽  
The Relationship

Darren O’Donnell (b. 1965) is a writer, director, actor, playwright, and designer, and the artistic director of the highly decorated Mammalian Diving Reflex. My study is focused on his work in social acupuncture, outlined in his Social Acupuncture: A guide to suicide, performance, and utopia (2006). Social acupuncture is a style of theatre/performance art that “blurs the line between art and life,”impelling people to come together in unusual ways and tap into the power of the social sphere. With social acupuncture, O’Donnell and Mammalian Diving Reflex are striving to create an aesthetic of civic engagement: an avenue through which social edifices like public space, schools, and the media can be used as the armature for the mounting of work that “takes modest glances at simple power dynamics and, for a moment, provides a glimpse of other possibilities.” Mammalian Diving Reflex began their exploration of the form in the summer of 2003 with The Talking Creature, and since then have devised and performed almost two‐ dozen similar “needles” worldwide.Social acupuncture warrants examination not only from a socio‐ political perspective, but through a theatrical lens, as well. It probes the relationship between audience and performer, raises questions about theatre’s ability to keep up with other media in the digital age, and offers tremendous insight into the potential for positive, fruitful intersections between art and civil society.  My project will include theoretical examination of O’Donnell’s work, as well as practical exploration of the form’s potential.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of happiness in the Muslim tradition

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Senyutkina
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Good Neighbor ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Muslim Culture

The need for research in the field of the designated problems is determined by the changing circumstances of the life of modern society on a global scale. In recent years, interfaith interactions in the world have not inspired optimism on improving intercultural contacts (one can mention the rejection of the policy of multiculturalism in Western Europe, terrorist attacks in France and other places, conflicts in the Middle East, etc.). The modern world demonstrates a blatant misunderstanding of others by social communities and the increasing conflict nature of the social environment. Hence the importance of academic developments of a humanistic nature. The author’s goal is to show the general and specific understanding of the phenomenon of happiness in Muslim culture. The Muslim tradition sees the happiness of a Muslim in a deep faith in Allah and adherence to a behavioral model, the example of which is the Prophet Muhammad. It is in the observance of Sharia law that lies the foundation of stability in the life of the global ummah (Muslim community) itself, as well as its relations with the outside world. The work methods for this paper were, first of all, a content analysis of Muslim texts, a review of the historiography of the problem of understanding of happiness by Muslims, as well as direct contact with the Nizhny Novgorod Muslim Tatars during field studies expressed in in-depth interviews (1995–2000). The novelty of the work lies in the choice of the Muslim discourse of understanding happiness as the object of the author’s consideration. As a result of the study, the author comes to confirm the idea that knowledge about the worldview attitudes of other cultures can help relieve tension in human communications at different levels. The data stated above are a confirmation of the Qur’anic tradition of finding means for peaceful communication between different ethnicities, as well as the works of Muslim scholars aimed at establishing good neighbor relationships in strengthening intercultural communication.

Liberation theology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Haight
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Liberation Theology ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Different Characteristics

Also known as theology of liberation, liberation theology is simultaneously a social movement within the Christian Church and a school of thought, both of which react against human suffering due to poverty and various forms of oppression. The essence of liberation theology consists in an interpretation of Christian salvation that retains its transcendent eschatological content and draws out its historical dimensions and their implications for personal life, the social sphere and the public action of the Church. Salvation contains various levels of liberation. Liberation theology is most commonly associated with Latin America, where it emerged during the 1960s. As both movement and theology, it is at present a worldwide phenomenon, taking on different characteristics according to culture, situation, the kind of oppression that predominates, and concrete political and social exigencies. Although some liberation theologians have employed Marxist language as a tool for social analysis, the underpinnings of liberation theology lie in Christian faith. Liberation theology is predominately Roman Catholic in Latin America because of the Catholic majority; but as a movement and a school of thought it unites Catholic and mainstream Protestant Churches. Evangelical Christians are often antipathetic to liberation theology because of their individualism and other-worldliness.

Historical Sociology in Poland: Transformations of the Uses of the Past

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542110579
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kolasa-Nowak ◽  
Marta Bucholc
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Historical Sociology ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
Sociological Studies

The development of Polish institutional sociology since the 1920s reflects the combined effects of domestic political and cultural factors, along with international interdependencies. Historical sociology shares in the vicissitudes of the whole discipline. Although historical sociology was only weakly institutionalized before 1989, some of the best sociological studies produced in Poland under socialism display the keen use of historical imagination, inspired both by the pre-1939 domestic tradition and by Marxist theory. This article examines the path of historical sociology in Poland after 1989 and the connection between the sociological uses of history and the experience of post-communist transformation. We posit that the social transformation experience and how it was addressed by social science directly translate into the use of history in Polish sociology after 1989. We argue that the role of historical sociology in Poland since the end of the 1990s was a function of the potential of the past as a symbolic resource in the growing interdependence between Poland and Western Europe. However, the post-1989 research agendas of historical sociology were forged according to the mode of responsiveness to political agendas predating 1989. An overview of the development of Polish historical sociology demonstrates that the ahistorical transitological thinking after 1989 has been challenged by critical agendas in historical sociology, but it was, in the first place, a reaction to the increased potential of the past as a symbolic resource in political debates. Thus, the rationale for the passage to the third wave of historical sociology was primarily political.

scholarly journals Formation of conceptual model of transfer policy in social sphere of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Larysa Emelianenko ◽  
Valeriia Moskvina
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Further Development

Purpose. The aim of the article is investigation of the principles of transfer policy functioning with further development of conceptual model of transfer policy in the social sphere. Methodology of research. A comparison method is used in the study to identify and formulate concepts of transfer and transfer policy; method of critical analysis - to outline the framework of legislative regulation of transfer policy in Ukrainian practice; method of analogy - to reveal the specifics of the operation of transfer policy not only for budgetary relations, but also for the social sphere. Findings. The conceptual model of transfer policy functioning is considered. National peculiarities of policy implementation in foreign practice and problems of implementation of transfers in the social sphere into the national economy are investigated. The definition of transfer policy for both the national level and the local government level is given. Originality. The results of the study will have a high level of significance, because, according to the experience of other countries, the use of transfer policies in the social sphere can reduce poverty in the country and reduce budgetary burden. Thus, a conceptual model of transfer policy is formed in the article based on the implementation of world experience. The efficiency of the transition to transfers in social policy is proved; the mechanism of the administration of transfers is highlighted. Further development has been the use of world-wide experience of the transfer mechanism as a tool for social policy implementation by the government, with the aim of simultaneously reducing poverty and reducing the tax burden, as well as using the experience of implementing transfers from other countries. Practical value. The results of the study can serve as a starting point for the development of social programs, the creation of an effective social budget in Ukraine both at the national level and at the local level of distribution of financial resources. Key words: transfer; model; budget; social sphere.

scholarly journals Social Protests in Latin America in the Focus of Regional Internet Media and Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
E. Kosevich
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research University ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
News Websites ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Received 10.03.2020. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the information on current social protests, which was published in the leading Latin American news websites and actively discussed on the social media platforms to identify the main causes of public discontent and the main problems discussed by Latin Americans. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the materials on the social movements of the fall of 2019, which were published in the news websites, which are the most popular in Latin America, and have the greatest influence, and the biggest Internet traffic volume. The second part is devoted to an overview of hashtags on the topic of mass protests that have gained huge popularity among Latin American users on the biggest social media platforms. A review of informational articles on the autumn social movements, which were published in the leading Latin American newspapers, revealed the main points of view on the factors and causes of these events, and the main problems discussed by Latin Americans. An appeal to various sources, both the countries in which the protests took place and the states that have passed such a crisis, will help readers to see the current socio-political situation in a new way. Acknowledgements. Support from the Individual Research Program of the School of World economy and International Affairs at National Research University – Higher School of Economics is gratefully acknowledged.

scholarly journals Could Public Procurement Become an Incentive for Developing the Non-profit Sector in Russia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Надежда Геннадьевна Сироткина ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Зуева ◽  
Светлана Владимировна Павловская
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Profit Organizations

Non-profit organizations deliver a wide range of meaningful resources to communities in such diverse areas as education, arts, social services, etc. However, compared to the private sector, their funding potential is much more limited. The increasing social and economic impact of the non-profit sector is a reason why there is a need to persistently enhance these opportunities. State contracts have the potential to be regarded as one of the most essential sources of funding for non-profit organizations in the social sphere. In Russia, recently passed laws ensure substantial benefits for 'socially oriented' non-profit organizations that participate in public procurement. Nevertheless, despite the existence of norms allowing socially oriented NPOs to be granted preference in tenders, the presence of the non-profit sector in the Russian public procurement market is still insignificant. This study seeks to analyze the peculiarities of Russian public procurement legislation. The main question of the study is why state procurement failed to become a driver for the development of the non-profit sector in Russia? To answer this question, firstly we consider the functioning mechanisms of socially oriented NPOs in the public procurement market. Then, we analyse the results of expert interviews, which let us identify the following barriers limiting the participation of NPOs in public procurement: economic, financial, social, and organizational. Finally, we draw the conclusion that, for the majority of non-profit organizations, state procurements are an optional source of funding in view of the barriers identified above. This study is relevant for government and public authorities as it can serve as a starting point for improving the mechanisms of attracting the non-profit sector to the sphere of public procurement.

scholarly journals Changes in Economic Inequality in Europe and Latin America in the First Decades of the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-292
Author(s):  
Agustín Salvia
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Twenty First Century

AbstractThis chapter contains a comparative analysis of the changes in the inequality of family income distribution in the last two decades in Latin America and Europe. The study examines the degree to which the economic-productive factors—associated with the primary income distribution—or, on the contrary, the social policies—linked to the secondary distribution—reveal structural differences in economic inequality between regions in the 2000–2017 period. Based on a wide sample of countries, the evolution of inequality is compared within and between regions. The dissimilarity of these behaviours is examined as well as how valid certain economic-institutional factors are to give an account of the changes that occurred within each region.The chapter shows that, in the last two decades of the twenty-first century, Western Europe and Latin America have reduced their economic inequality gap, although following different paths: while inequality decreased in the majority of Latin American countries, an inverse process, although moderate, has been taking place in the majority of Europe. While both trends had national exceptions, the evidence presented helps us to deduce that it was simultaneously due to productive changes and to changes in the growth style, and to transformations in the redistributive efficiency of expenditure on social policies.

scholarly journals Community dimension of media literacy

Comunicar ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Gemma Abellán-Fabrés ◽  
Carme Mayugo-i-Majó
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Mutual Knowledge ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Vital Factor

Some theoretical contributions to the Media Literacy set up the dialogue, the exchange and the renegotiation of meanings as a starting point for interaction and knowledge. In all these approaches, the environment becomes a vital factor, because in its position we find the social interrelations and the possibility of learning in a collective and/or community way. In our societies, media are holding a big space in people’s social sphere. At the same time it is acquiring more critical competence towards contents reception, the knowledge and the use of media skills bring new languages to the citizenship to explore its surroundings, promoting the mutual knowledge and the social cohesion, keys for social change. Algunas aportaciones teóricas a la Educación en Comunicación priorizan el diálogo, el intercambio y la renegociación de significados como base para la interacción y el conocimiento. En estos enfoques, el entorno se convierte en un elemento vital, ya que ahí se dan las interrelaciones sociales y la posibilidad de aprender de manera colectiva y/o comunitaria. Actualmente, los medios de comunicación ocupan buena parte de la esfera social de los individuos. A parte de dotarla de más capacidad crítica en la recepción de contenidos, el conocimiento y uso de herramientas mediáticas provee a la ciudadanía de nuevos lenguajes para explorar su entorno, fomentando el conocimiento mutuo y la cohesión social, motores para la transformación social.

scholarly journals After supersynchronisation: How media synchronise the social

2021 ◽  
pp. 0961463X2110125
Author(s):  
Helge Jordheim ◽  
Espen Ytreberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Social Orders

The multiple nature of time has by now been well established across a wide range of scholarly traditions in the humanities and social sciences. The article takes that insight as a starting point, in order to discuss the tools, work, sites and contestations involved in common temporal frameworks and structures that cross and join together time’s multiplicities. We thus articulate and discuss key components of synchronisation, a concept with significant potential for understanding common temporalities and social orders. Our emphasis is particularly on media, their technological and representational affordances for synchronisation. The article’s approach to social and mediated times presents an alternative to Hartmut Rosa and François Hartog’s influential theories about the temporal configuration of the present historical moment. Their understanding of the present tends more towards unity and uniformity, particularly by means of chronology. We follow Luhmann in arguing that ‘there is no supersynchronization’ producing such privileged, unitary temporal orders. We propose pursuing an understanding of both present and past through investigations of synchronisation itself, which always exists in plural, always involves different synchronisations in competition with each other, is subject to social and historical contingencies. The article combines theoretical and conceptual arguments with historical and contemporary cases. We investigate the synchronisation of national collectives by means of broadcast media, of individuals in everyday life by means of social media, and the recalibration of various contemporary media to a global scale in order to tackle the issue of climate change. These cases move from past and relatively comprehensive forms of synchronisation, via more localised forms today, to highly uncertain and heterogeneous ones in the future.

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