Samorząd terytorialny – 30 lat doświadczeń samorządu (gminnego) w Polsce

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-311
Author(s):  
Robert Kozyrski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Urban Reform ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Organisational Model ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Successes And Failures

The article is an attempt to summarise the achievements of local government in Poland reactivated in 1990, and the topics discussed in the article focus on development and functioning since 1808 Prussian urban reform, which is the organisational model for contemporary local government units in Europe. Much of the article is also devoted to the functioning of Polish local governments in the 1990s and early 2000s, preceding Poland’s accession to the European Union. The issue of the use of pre-accession funds and funds available after 2004 by local governments, which had a significant impact on infrastructure investments in Polish communes, districts and voivodship, was discussed in detail. On the basis of available reports, the article also presents an assessment of the achievements of local government in Poland over thirty years, with its successes and failures. The author also refers to the possibility of using this legacy by local governments of neighbouring countries aspiring to EU membership, mainly Ukraine.

Bases of International Cooperation of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-900
Author(s):  
Paulina Krukowska-Siembida
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Community Law

At the turn of the 21st century, we witnessed a civilisational change that resulted in decentralisation and deconcentration of power. As a result, international cooperation between local authorities has increased. This article is to indicate the legal basis for international local government activities, forms of cooperation and their impact on regional development. The legal bases for this cooperation can be classified as follows: 1. Sources of public international law, 2. EU Community law, 3. Sources of national law. Having this in mind, the article will discuss the selected legal bases for international self-government activity in Europe, starting with the acquis of the Council of Europe, then moving on to the activities of the European Union. Finally, an analysis of forms of international cooperation of local government units in Poland are going to be presented. These considerations are largely of a theoretical nature, based in particular on jurisprudential analysis.

scholarly journals The cohesion fund’s role in financing local-government investments in road infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Jerzy P. Gwizdała
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Alternative Sources

The growing needs of local communities, deficiencies in road infrastructure, and under-investment in the public sector has led to the search for alternative sources of project financing. Poland’s accession to European Union structures has opened the possibility of obtaining co-financing from EU funds for various types of projects. Aid can be obtained from several types of funds, mainly intended for investments in economic development. Investments in the field of transport carried out by local-government units have been supported by funds from the European Union budget over two six-year financial perspectives: 2007-2013 and 2014-2020. During this time, funds were allocated to local governments to compensate for differences, expand the road network, and to improve the quality of transport. The authorities of individual territorial local-government units received support from structural funds and cohesion policy funds. In return, they were able to count on benefits such as financing for services and road infrastructure facilities that meet the needs of the community, and access to new technologies.

scholarly journals Legal status of local governments as subjects of administrative and legal relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V.I. Melnyk ◽  
B.O. Pavlenko ◽  
Yu.M. Kiiashko ◽  
V.V. Snizhko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Law

This article is devoted to the study of the legal status of local governments, which act as subjects of administrative and legal relations. In the process of studying the legal status of local governments as subjects of administrative and legal relations, the author reveals the concepts, functions, powers and features of the legal status of local governments and ways to improve the local government as a whole, given the positive experience of the European Union. The article highlights legal framework which serves as a regulator of local government at the national level. In general, the main document on which local self-government is based is the Constitution of Ukraine, in which a separate section on local self-government reveals issues related to the specific application of the principles of local self-government in Ukraine. The next, no less important in the field of local government regulation in Ukraine, are special laws, namely the Law of Ukraine "On Local SelfGovernment in Ukraine" and the Law of Ukraine "On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils". The first law covers and characterizes the system in which local self-government operates in Ukraine, and the second covers the limits of the deputy's activity and its legal status. It is worth mentioning a number of regulations governing certain areas of local government. These include: the Law of Ukraine "About Access to Public Information"; Law of Ukraine "About the open use of public funds"; Law of Ukraine "About Regulation of Urban Development"; Law of Ukraine "About Principles of State Regulatory Policy in the Sphere of Economic Activity"; Law of Ukraine "About improvement of settlements"; Budget Code of Ukraine. According to the study, an analysis of the current state of local self-government in Ukraine was conducted. In particular, some problematic issues related to the sphere of activity of local selfgovernment bodies, which need to be resolved immediately, have been identified. Based on the study of the legal status of local governments and analysis of interaction problems between public authorities and local governments in the European Union, the author proposed ways to further improve the interaction of local governments and local governments of Ukraine.

Familiarity Breeds Contempt

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Lust
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
The Eu

In referenda held in 2003, over 90% of Lithuanians supported joining the European Union (EU), while only two-thirds of Estonians did. Why? This article shows that Lithuanians and Estonians had different economic expectations about the EU. Most Lithuanians hoped that EU membership would help Lithuania overcome its economic backwardness and isolation. By contrast, many Estonians worried that the accession would reinforce Estonia's underdevelopment and dependency on the West. I argue that these expectations reflected the two countries' strategies of economic reform. Lithuania sold state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to their managers and continued to trade heavily with Russia, which slowed down the modernization of its economy. Estonia sold SOEs to foreigners and reoriented its trade rapidly from Russia to the West, which hurt its traditional sectors (particularly agriculture) and infrastructure.

scholarly journals Economic Integration, Legitimacy and European Union Enlargement

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Andreas P. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
New Members ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Eu Membership

Abstract The enlargement of the European Union generates socio-economic costs and benefits for the citizens of new members and as such it is bound to affect their perceived legitimacy of the whole enterprise. The legitimacy of EU accession is likely to be enhanced by the inclusion of compensatory transfers and transition periods in the terms of accession, by the perception that EU membership represents the most favorable terms of exchange available and by the linking of accession to a sustained period of economic growth, a favorable movement in prices, improving relative incomes and the consolidation of a level playing field across new members.

scholarly journals Repositioning UK Partnerships Post-Brexit

2018 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ludovic Highman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Volunteer Abroad

On such divisive issues as EU membership and, consequently, the post-Brexit relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union, it is unsurprising that Theresa May’s government has been torn between a “hard” and a “soft” Brexit. As of June 2018, there is still no indication of which approach will prevail, putting at risk UK universities’ participation in the Erasmus+ program, which has provided, among other things, opportunities for over four million Europeans to study, train, and volunteer abroad since its inception. Full access to EU research funds is also at risk. Universities cannot depend on the UK government’s help in securing the frameworks allowing for continuity. In such a context, universities have started to use their limited resources to secure bilateral international and European links to foster research collaboration and staff and student mobility, post-Brexit.

Always One Step Behind? National Legislatures and the European Union

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio Raunio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
One Step ◽  
Council Of Ministers

NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS ARE CENTRAL ACTORS IN THE SCRUTINY AND implementation of European Union (EU) legislation. Member state legislatures provide a channel for incorporating public opinion into the governance of the Union. Their importance has become more evident during the 1990s as debate has focused on the democratic deficit and deparliamentarization of European governance.National parliaments are involved in EU decision-making in three ways: they 1) participate in national policy formulation on Union legislation; 2) monitor the behaviour of member state representatives in the Council of Ministers and the European Council; and 3) have functions specifically regulated in the treaties, such as ratification of treaty amendments and implementation of directives. The third function differs from the first two as the treaties impose rights and duties on the national parliaments, whereas there is no EU law on national policy formulation on Union legislation or on the scrutiny of ministers. During the 1996-97 Intergovernmental Conference (ICC) the member states saw no need for such European-level regulation. Thus it is up to each national parliament – within the limits set by member state constitutions and other constraints – to decide how it deals with the challenges brought by EU membership.

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