scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Female Poverty in Turkey with OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Demiral
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Part Time

The significant a reason of female poverty is that in general, women aren't considered to be in the labour market. Women that are in the labour market either in lower status from men or perform informal jobs or get paid less money even when they're employed in the same jobs. Female employment rate or women's education level are indicator of female poverty. The aim of this paper is to analyse female poverty in Turkey and selected OECD countries. This study obtained the female employment rate and women's education level data from the Economic Co-operation and Development database for the years between 2008-2019. Graphic by these data were analyzed comparative data analysis. In addition, specifically for the analysis of structure of women's employment in Turkey was to get data related to part-time employment, informal jobs and unpaid family workers from Turkish Statistical Institute. The results show that both women in labour market and women's education levels are extremely low level in Turkey compared to selected OECD countries. Part-time employment, informal jobs and unpaid family workers have place in women's employment. When women's employment increases it's expected to see that women poverty decreases. But women in Turkey mostly works in informal jobs or flexible working hours. This situation isn't enough effective enough to struggle fight female poverty and this resulted working women poverty. Firstly, policies should be developed to improve women will have increased participation in the qualified workforce and to length of stay in education by governments.

The impact of exporting on women's employment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Begum Dikilitas ◽  
Burcu Fazlioglu ◽  
Basak Dalgic
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of exports on women's employment rate for Turkish manufacturing firms over a recent period of 2003–2015.Design/methodology/approachThe authors establish treatment models and use propensity score matching (PSM) techniques together with difference-in-difference methodology.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that starting to export increases women’s employment rate for manufacturing firms. Gains in female employment rates are observed for the firms operating in low and medium low technology intensive sectors, low-wage sectors as well as laborlabor-intensive goods exporting sectors.Originality/valueThe authors complement previous literature by utilizing a rich harmonized firm-level dataset that covers a large number of firms and a recent time period. The authors distinguish between several sub-samples of firms according to technology intensity of the sector in which they operate, wage level and factor intensity of exports and investigate whether or not women gain from trade in terms of employment opportunities.

scholarly journals Trends in Women’s Employment and Poverty Rates in OECD Countries: A Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca Decomposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rense Nieuwenhuis ◽  
Wim Van Lancker ◽  
Diego Collado ◽  
Bea Cantillon
Keyword(s):  
Employment Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Very High ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Although employment growth is propagated as being crucial to reduce poverty across EU and OECD countries, the actual impact of employment growth on poverty rates is still unclear. This study presents novel estimates of the association between macro-level trends in women’s employment and trends in poverty, across 15 OECD countries from 1971 to 2013. It does so based on over 2 million household-level observations from the LIS Database, using Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca (KBO) decompositions. The results indicate that an increase of 10% points in women’s employment rate was associated with a reduction of about 1% point of poverty across these countries. In part, this reduction compensated for developments in men’s employment that were associated with higher poverty. However, in the Nordic countries no such poverty association was found, as in these countries women’s employment rates were very high and stable throughout the observation period. In countries that initially showed marked increases in women’s employment, such as the Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Canada, and the United States, the initial increases in women’s employment rates were typically followed by a period in which these trends levelled off. Hence, our findings first and foremost suggest that improving gender equality in employment is associated with lower poverty risks. Yet, the results also suggest that the potential of following an employment strategy to (further) reduce poverty in OECD countries has, to a large extent, been depleted.

Women, Labour, and Public Policy: Female Labour Market Integration in OECD Countries. A Comparative Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABELLE STADELMANN-STEFFEN
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Labour Market Integration ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article investigates the influence of political measures and instruments on women's employment in OECD countries. The policy dimension builds the central explanatory category filling the ‘black box’ between political institutions and the decision-making process on the one hand, and policy outcome on the other. Unlike former comparative studies on the relationship between women's employment and public policies, this article analyses a much larger country sample, looking at 28 OECD countries as well as a broader range of policies. Additionally, path analyses are conducted, modelling direct and indirect causal effects on women's labour market integration. The analyses show that while the cultural, economic and political framework can create a positive environment for women's employment in general, ‘women-friendly’ public policies are important, and are necessary for the more intensive and egalitarian labour market integration of women compared to that of men.

Stepping in, stepping out or staying put? Part-time work and immigrant integration in Norway

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Cecilie Kavli ◽  
Roy A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Risk Event ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
Part Time Work

Migrants are often at a disadvantage in the labour market. Increased migration has therefore led to a strong focus in receiving countries on policy that can facilitate employment. Less attention is paid to working hours, contracts or type of work. The workplace is viewed as an arena where immigrants can improve language skills and establish contacts through which they can achieve upwards mobility in the labour market. We investigate transfers out of part-time work among immigrants and natives in Norway. By means of competing risk event history analyses, we compare transitions from part-time work to either full-time positions or exits from the labour market over five years among Norwegians and different groups of immigrants. Stable part-time is less common among immigrants than among natives, as immigrants have higher transfers to both full-time work and unemployment. Immigrants - men and women - have the same or higher likelihood of transitioning from part-time to full-time compared to natives. This suggest that immigrants are more often involuntarily in part-time and that they benefit from the opportunity to demonstrate their skills to employers. However, immigrants also have higher exit risk and this risk increases with short working hours, indicating a higher level of precariousness.

Ethnic Differences in Women's Employment

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Holdsworth ◽  
Angela Dale
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
White Women ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minority Ethnic

This paper uses the 1 per cent household file from the Samples of Anonymised Records (SARs) for the 1991 Census and the ONS Longitudinal Study (LS) to explore variations in patterns of employment and occupational attainment among women from different ethnic groups. The analysis of the SARs focuses on the impact of lifecycle events on women's employment status and economic activity. The presence of a partner is identified as having the greatest impact on Pakinstani and Bangladeshi women's employment, while the presence of a pre-school child is most significant for White women's economic activity. White women also have a higher rate of part-time worlding than all other ethnic groups. These patterns are for malised in two models, one for economic activity and a second for full-time/part-time work. The LS is used to investigate the impact of these employment patterns on women's occupational attainment over a ten-year period. The analysis demonstrates that, while minority ethnic women in nonmanual occupations have similar longitudinal occupational profiles to White women, those in manual occupations fare worse than their White counterparts, despite the fact that a larger propotion of minority ethnic women are in fill-time employment.

Labour supply of Italian mothers. A comparison with other EU countries: facts, data and public policies

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Del Boca ◽  
Silvia Pasqua
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
European Community ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Italian Survey ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southern European Countries

Recent social and labour market policies in Italy have altered childcare costs and availability, increased opportunities for part-time jobs and flexibility in working hours and extended parental leave. This analysis focuses on the impact of these changes on the labour supply of mothers in Italy in comparison with other countries. Data from Eurostat and the OECD, and empirical results from the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) and from the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) are presented. The data show how the situation of Italian mothers is not dissimilar from that of mothers in other southern European countries, in particular Spain and Greece.

scholarly journals Gender labor asymmetry: regional dimension (Empirical research)

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Vera Gnevasheva ◽  
Chulpan Ildarhanova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Regional Labor Market

Women’s labor behavior is a factor in demographic self-determination, which means it is inextricably linked with the formation of the future labor market, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Modern theoretical, empirical, methodological approaches to the study of female employment are faced with the need to assess the significant phenomenon of gender asymmetry of labor. The importance of this issue is underlined by the multitude of studies conducted at the international level on the study of discrimination in the labor market, the quality of women’s employment, decent work assessments, and aspects of professional segregation. The current statistical base requires a more detailed, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, a more comprehensive, inclusive consideration of women’s employment issues, especially the emerging trends in their labor behavior, especially in the context of considering this socioeconomic phenomenon as a factor of demographic self-determination. The article presents the results of an empirical analysis of imbalances in the regional labor market of the Volga Federal District as a whole in comparison with the general situation and global trends in the labor market and the Republic of Tatarstan in particular.

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