scholarly journals Abundance and Distribution, Growth Pattern, Sex Ratio and Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of Liza falcipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) from Ojo Axis of Badagry Creeks, Lagos, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeboyejo, O.A. ◽  
Clarke, E.O. ◽  
Hammed, A.M. ◽  
Whenu, O.O. ◽  
Abayomi, J.P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Meristic Data

A study on seasonal abundance, morphometric and meristic data, growth pattern, condition factor, sex ratio and gonadosomatic index of Liza falcipinnis (Valenciennes, 1836) from the Ojo axis of Badagry creek, Nigeria was conducted from May 2019 to March 2020. A total of 1012 species were randomly selected, having 499 females and 513 males. The length frequency analysis and length-weight relationships (LWR) were determined. Sex ratio was determined by Chi-square analysis. The results showed that morphometric data are: 0.5 - 2.5 mm for ED, 2.1 - 12 mm for HL, 1.7 - 8.1 mm for HD, 2.5 - 11.7 for BD, 2.6 - 233.3 mm for TL and 9.23 - 1006 g for BW for the combined sexes. The slope (b) shows an allometric growth pattern. The intercept ‘a’ and slope ‘b’ of the LWR (LogW = a + bLogL) were Log W=15.39+ 0.34 LogL (r= 0.54) for combined sexes, Log W= 12.49+ 0.02 log L (r= 0.38) for males and Log W= 18.23+ 0.01 log L (r=0.16) for females.The length frequency distribution indicated that species were dominated by two year classes (Ages 1 and 2). Condition factors were generally low. The values ranged between 0.68 - 0.85 for combined sexes. The gonadosomatic index for female was highest in August, 2019 (17.77%) with Mean±SD of 2.88±0.75; which indicated the peak of spawning period in the study area.Sex ratio difference was significant (P<0.05). Sexual differences were significant; the females are phenotypically larger than the male.

Some aspects of reproductive biology of Gobius paganellus (Gobiidae) on the north-eastern coasts of Tunisia (Bizerta lagoon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 2235-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Louiz ◽  
Mossadok Ben Attia ◽  
Oum Kalthoum Ben Hassine
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
North East ◽  
Bizerta Lagoon

The rock goby, Gobius paganellus one of the most common gobiid fish in Bizerta lagoon (north-east of Tunisia), is a gonochoric species that belongs to the Gobiidae family. This study provides the first detailed information of its reproductive biology in lagoon environments. Gobius paganellus was sampled monthly from January 2005 to December 2006 involving 1486 specimens. Total length distribution ranged between 38 and 125 mm. The maximum recorded total lengths were, respectively, 122 mm and 125 mm for female and male. Over the entire population, the sex-ratio was unbalanced in favour of females. According to months, a predominance of females sex-ratio was recorded during the spawning period while according to body size, males were dominating among larger size-classes. In both sexes, the variation of the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was independent of size. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of the gonads added to the monthly monitoring of gonadosomatic index and hepatosomatic index showed that gonads development begins in October and spawning period extends from December to March. The cyclic pattern of gonads development was determined by histology. Results indicated that G. paganellus exhibits a group-synchronous oocyte development. The sizes of first sexual maturity related to 50% of mature individuals were 78.3 mm (CI95: 77–84 mm) for males and 79 mm (CI95: 75–85 mms) for females. The discussion part underlined the impacts of some environmental factors and antropization of this lagoon on sexual cycle of G. paganellus.

scholarly journals The length-weight relationship, condition factor and reproductive biology of Pseudotolithus (p) senegalensis (valenciennes, 1833) (croakers), in Tombo western rural district of Sierra Leone

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 9376-9389
Author(s):  
JO Olapade ◽  
◽  
S Tarawallie
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Weight Relationship ◽  
Spawning Behaviour

The length – weight relationship (LWR), condition factor (K), sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (G S I) and hepatosomatic index (H S I) of 412 specimens of Pseudotolithu s s enegalensis (Valenciennes, 1833) from Tombo , a coastal fishing community in the western rural district of Sierra Leone were studied for twelve months . Samples used for the study were collected from the catches of artisanal fishers and measurement s of length and weight of samples were done in situ using the facilities of the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources. Samples for the reproductive study were preserved in an ice box and taken to the laboratory of the Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Njala University , Sierra Leone for analysis. The parameters "a" and "b" of the length - weight relationship were estimated using the equation described by Ricker ( W = aL b ) while the condition factor was calculated using Fulton`s equation (K = W1 00 / L 3 ) . The reproductive biology of the fish was estimated using Gonadosomatic index ( GSI ) and Hepatosomatic index ( H S I ) . The combined LWR for both sexes showed that a, b and r values were – 2.57 , 3. 3 5 and 0. 899 , respectively. The r – values obtained show a strong linear relationship between the length and weight of the species. The length - weight relationship indicated allometric growth for P . senegalensis in the study area. The condition factor (K) varied from 0.64 – 1.0 ; this may be attributed to environmental conditions of the water . The species clearly exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern ( tα ( 2) , 0.05, 411 > 1.965) . The sex ratio of males to females was 1:1. 15 and was not significantly different from the expected 1:1 ratio. Estimation of GSI and HSI was carried out from December, 2010 to May, 2011 to determine the spawning behaviour of P. senegalensis . The mean GSI obtained indicate d that March and April , respectively are the two peak spawning period for the species . Gonado somatic index ranged between 1.1 % and 2.8% for the females. The results of this study revealed that P. senegalensis doe s not have obligatory spawning month but exhibit multiple spawning behaviour. T he length - w eight relationships and condition factor of the study indicated that the fish were thriving very well in the coastal water of Sierra Leone. Sustainable management of the species , therefore , require s that the environment be protected against anthropogenic pollution and imposition of closed fishing season especially during the t wo peak spawning period is recommended to enable the species recruit effectively.

scholarly journals SEBARAN UKURAN PANJANG DAN NISBAH KELAMIN IKAN MADIDIHANG (Thunnus albacares) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Arief Wujdi ◽  
Bram Setyadji ◽  
Budi Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Thunnus Albacares ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Size Mode

Ikan madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) merupakan salah satu komoditas penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia dengan hasil tangkapan tertinggi dibandingkan jenis tuna lainnya. Sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan yang berkelanjutan, diperlukan data dan informasi tentang komposisi ukuran layak tangkap yaitu membandingkan proporsi rata-rata ikan tertangkap (Lc) dan matang gonad (Lm), serta nisbah kelamin sebagai indikator pendugaan kemampuan memijah. Pengumpulan data dilakukanmelalui program observasi diatas kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di Benoa, Pelabuhanratu dan Bungus dari bulan Agustus 2005 hingga November 2013. Penghitungan nisbah kelamin menggunakan uji Chi-Square (X2) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi ukuran panjang cagak ikan madidihang berkisar antara 30-179 cm, modus ukuran 106-110 cm dan rata-rata 101,65 cm. Sebanyak 81,03% madidihang yang tertangkap berukuran lebih besar daripada Lm yang berarti telah layak tangkap. Nisbah kelamin betina:jantan adalah 1:1,45 mengindikasikan dominansi ikan jantan. Hubungan antara nisbah kelamin dengan panjang ikan menunjukkan signifikansi dimana ikan betina semakin berkurang pada ukuran 120-180 cm, serta tidak ditemukan lagi pada ukuran lebih dari 170 cm. Korelasi nisbah kelamin dan panjang cagak dapat dideskripsikan dengan persamaan regresi sebagai berikut: 1,8013 - 0,0099 FL dengan nilai R2=0,8058.Yellowfin tuna or YFT (Thunnus albacares) is one of the important commodity for the fishing industry in Indonesia because it has the highest catches compared with other tunas. In order to fisheries resources management, it was necessary to monitor the size composition compared between proportion average size captured (Lc) and maturity size (Lm) to meets the size eligibility, as well as the sex ratio as an indicator to estimate the ability of spawn. Data collected by scientific observers program which was following tuna longline operation mainly based in Benoa, Palabuhanratu and Bungus Fishing Port, from August 2005 to November 2013. Chi-Square analysis with 95%confidence level also implemented to determine sex ratio between female and male. The result indicated that YFT were caught has size ranged between 30-179 cm, size mode ranged between 106-110 cm and the mean was 101,65 cm.Mostly YFT (81,03%) was greater than its maturity size (Lm) and that’s mean have been worthy to be captured. Sex ratio of (F:M) 1:1,45 was observed which indicates male was dominant. Correlation between sex ratio and length proved to be significant where the female was diminishing in size between 120-180 cm, even female was no longer found in size more than 170 cm. Correlation between sex ratio and length can described as a regression equation=1,8013 - 0,0099 FL; R2=0,8058.

Population dynamics of the hermit crab Paguristes erythrops (Diogenidae) from Anchieta Island, southern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata B. Garcia ◽  
Fernando L.M. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Coexisting Species ◽  
Animal Size ◽  
Shield Length

The population of Paguristes erythrops (Crustacea: Anomura) was studied based on seasonal abundance, size–frequency distribution, sex ratio and reproductive period (percentage of ovigerous females). Specimens were collected monthly by SCUBA diving in the infralittoral area of Anchieta Island, Ubatuba. A total of 543 individuals was analysed. Animal size (minimum and maximum shield length, respectively) was 1·7 and 11·8 mm for males, 1·7 and 10·3 mm for non-ovigerous females, and 3·2 and 7·8 mm for ovigerous females. The sex ratio was 0·91:1. Sexual dimorphism was recorded by the presence of males in the largest size-classes. The absence of ovigerous females during winter months (June to August) and their high incidence from January to March indicated discontinuity in the reproductive cycle, suggesting that females become ovigerous and breed in the summer, with the spawning period lasting from spring to autumn. This strategy of reproduction probably was based on competition with other coexisting species in this area.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Reproduction of Yellowstripe Scad Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) In Manado Bay Waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Febrina Sinaga ◽  
Ferdinand F Tilaar ◽  
Nego E Bataragoa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Random Draw ◽  
First Maturity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Size At First Maturity

The waters of Manado Bay are areas that have a lot of biological resources. One of these resources is Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis). The research was aimed to find out the reproduction characteristics of  Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) by looking at male and female sex ratio, growth pattern with male and female condition factor, maturity level of gonad (TKG), gonad maturity index (IKG), size at first maturity, and fecundity. The location of fish sampling is taken from the catch of fishermen in Manado Bay waters in not April-May 2018. Fish sampling using random draw method withdrawal. The number of samples is 200, taken four times in two months (April to May 2018). The sex ratio of Yellowstripe scad (Selaroides leptolepis) in the waters of Manado Bay is balanced. The growth pattern of male is positive allometric, while females is isometric. The condition of male and female fish are 0.9 and 1.3 respectively.  The Yellowstripe scad breeding season in Manado Bay waters takes place after the fourth week in April. The size of the first time ripe gonad Yellowstripe scad male and female 189 mm. The fecundity ranged from 1,960 - 29,145 with an average of 11,716 ± 6,088.Keywords: Yellowstripe scad, reproductive biology, Manado Bay ABSTRAKPerairan Teluk Manado adalah perairan  yang memiliki sumberdaya hayati cukup banyak. Salah satu sumberdaya di perairan tersebut yaitu ikan Selarkuning (Selaroides leptolepis). Penelitian itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik reproduksi ikan Selarkuning (Selaroides leptolepis) dengan melihat dari rasio kelamin jantan dan betina, pola pertumbuhan dengan faktor kondisi pada jantan dan betina, tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, dan fekunditas.       Sampel ikan diambil dari hasil tangkapan nelayan di perairan Teluk Manado pada bulan April-Mei 2018. Pengambilan sampel ikan menggunakan metode penarikan secara acak berlapis.  Jumlah sampel sebanyak 200 ekor, diambil empat kali dalam dua bulan. Berdasarkan uji Chi-square, rasio kelamin ikan Selarkuning (Selaroides leptolepis) di perairan Teluk Manado adalah seimbang. Pola pertumbuhan ikan Selarkuning yaitu bersifat allometrik positif, sedangkan betina bersifat isometrik dengan rata-rata faktor kondisi ikan jantan dan betina mencapai 0,9 dan 1,3. Musim pemijahan ikan Selarkuning di perairan Teluk Manado berlangsung setelah minggu keempat pada bulan April. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan Selarkuning jantan dan betina 189 mm. Fekunditas ikan Selarkuning berkisar antara 1.960 – 29.145 butir dengan rata-rata 11.716 ± 6.088.Kata kunci: ikan Selarkuning,biologi reproduksi, Teluk Manado

260 EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POST-THAW BOVINE SEMEN SEXING KIT IN BOTH MULTIPLE-AND SINGLE-OVULATING COWS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
E. Curry ◽  
S. L. Pratt ◽  
D. Lapin ◽  
J. R. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bovine Sperm ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Currently, there is no inexpensive method for commercially separating X- and Y-bearing bovine sperm cells. Because dairy heifer calves are significantly more valuable than bull calves, a reliable method of swaying the bovine sex ratio in favor of females is desirable in the dairy industry. The objective of these experiments was to determine the efficacy of a commercially available post-thaw semen sexing kit, HeiferPlus™ (Emlab Genetics, Arcola, IL, USA), which claims to sway the bovine sex ratio in favor of female calves. Three trials included the insemination of hyperstimulated cows with control or HeiferPlus (HP)-treated semen, nonsurgical embryo collection on Day 7, and a novel combined PCR/Southern blot assay to determine sex. Overall, 271 embryos were collected and a sex was assigned to 265 of them. Chi-square analysis showed that the control group produced a significantly higher proportion (P < 0.005) of female embryos than the HP group (65.0% and 43.0%, respectively). There was no difference in the proportion of transferable versus degenerate embryos, and ANOVA showed no difference in the number of ovulations, embryos, and unfertilized oocytes collected in the control versus the HP groups. Another trial involved the artificial insemination of cows synchronized via OvSynch� (ABS Global, Deforest, WI, USA) followed by fetal sexing via ultrasonography between Days 55 and 58. Of the 152 cows inseminated, 51.3% were pregnant at Day 35. Of the cows inseminated with HP-treated semen, 54.5% became pregnant and 48.0% of the controls were pregnant. HP-treated cows resulted in 54.8% male (23/42) and 45.2% female (19/42) fetuses. Control cows had 52.8% male (19/36) and 47.2% female (17/36) fetuses at 58 days of gestation. Calving records confirmed the ultrasound sexing data and showed that three controls and one HP calf died after 58 days of gestation, and one control and one HP calf died within 2 weeks following birth. Chi-square analysis showed no significant difference in the sex ratio. Semen from six bulls was used in this trial, and pregnancy rates among bulls did not differ (P > 0.05). Computer-assisted semen analysis showed no significant difference in motility or progressive forward motility of control versus HP-treated sperm in any of the bulls. Results of these studies indicated that the HeiferPlus semen sexing kit did not sway the sex ratio in favor of females in either multiple- or single-ovulating cows. In the hyperstimulated cows, the control group actually produced a significantly higher proportion of female embryos than the HP group. No differences in embryo production or embryo grade were observed. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of semen incubation or manipulation on the sex ratio of cattle.

scholarly journals 275 THE EFFECTS OF MATURATION CULTURE PERIOD ON THE SEX RATIO OF BOVINE IVF EMBRYOS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
B. Agung ◽  
P. Wongsrikeao ◽  
M. Murakami ◽  
H. Watari ◽  
T. Otoi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Lamp Method ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Maturational Stage ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

The maturational stage of oocytes at the time of insemination has been suggested as influencing the sex ratio of resulting embryos (Dominko and First, 1997 Theriogenology 47, 1041–1050). However, there are very few reports concerning the relation between the maturation culture period of oocytes and the sex ratio of resulting embryos. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maturation culture period of oocytes on the sex ratio of bovine IVF blastocysts, using a novel technique of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovaries of slaughtered cows. The COCs were cultured for various times (16, 22, 28 and 34 h) in maturation medium (TCM 199 supplemented with 5% fetal cow serum (FCS), 0.02 mg mL−1 of follicle-stimulating hormone and 50 μg mL−1 of gentamicin). After maturation culture for each period, the oocytes were inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa (4 × 106 spermatozoa mL−1). After incubation with spermatozoa for 5 h, oocytes were transferred into culture medium (TCM199 supplemented with 5% FCS, and 5 μg mL−1 of insulin) and cultured for 7 days at 38.5°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. The zona pellucida of blastocysts collected on Day 7 after insemination (Day 0) was removed by brief exposure to 0.2% pronase, and the sex determination of embryos was conducted by the LAMP method, using a bovine embryo sexing kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan). The rates of blastocyst formation were analyzed by ANOVA, and the sex ratios of embryos were compared by chi-square analysis. As shown in Table 1, the rate of blastocyst formation after insemination was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the oocytes matured for 22 h than in the oocytes matured for 16, 28, and 34 h. The proportion of male blastocysts derived from oocytes matured for 34 h was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than from oocytes matured for 16 and 22 h. Moreover, the proportions of male blastocysts increased with delaying insemination. These results indicate that skewing of the sex ratio of IVF blastocysts is apparently influenced by the maturation culture period of oocytes. Table 1. Effect of maturation culture period on the development of bovine oocytes after IVF and the sex ratio of blastocysts

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF THE MULLET LIZA FALCIPINNIS (VALENCIENNES, 1836) IN TWO AFRICAN COMPLEXS LAGOONS (EBRIÉ AND GRAND-LAHOU) (CÔTE D’IVOIRE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Ebram Luc Gervais ◽  
Soumaïla SYLLA ◽  
Tizié Thierry ZAN-BI ◽  
Boua Célestin ATSE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Monthly Variations

The reproduction of Liza falcipinnis were investigated in both lagoons (Ebrié and Grand-Lahou) from January 2006 to december 2007. 2162 specimens were examined (914 and 1248 respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons). Fork length was taken to the nearest 1 mm, and total body weight (TW) and eviscerated body weight (EW) to the nearest 0.1 g. The gonads and the liver were then established removed, weighted to the nearest 0.001g. The reproduced period of Liza falcipinnis was established by analysing the temporal evolution of the frequency of the maturity stages and the monthly variations in the gonadosomatic index (GSI), the hepatosomatic index (HIS) and the condition factor (K). Sex ratio was established taking into account the sex determinations. The size at which 50 % of the specimens became mature (FL50) was estimated. The sex ratio (1:1.24) and (1:1.40) observed respectively in Ebrié and Grand-Lahou lagoons were in favour of females. The first sexual maturity size was 21.0 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in Ebrié lagoon and 24.7 cm (FL) for males and 27.9 cm (FL) for females in Grand-Lahou lagoon. Liza falcipinnis spawns in lagoon and the spawning period ranged from December to April.

Reproductive biology of the ghost crab, Ocypode rotundata Miers, 1882 (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Naderi ◽  
Seyed Abbas Hosseini ◽  
Jamileh Pazooki ◽  
Aliakbar Hedayati ◽  
Parviz Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Qeshm Island ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Ghost Crabs ◽  
Key Aspects

Abstract This study aimed to investigate some key aspects of the reproductive strategy of Ocypode rotundata Miers, 1882 from southwest beaches of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf, Iran, by providing information regarding its sex ratio, sexual maturity, spawning period and fecundity. Samples were taken monthly, from February 2015 to January 2016. Size at the onset of morphometric maturity was estimated at 38.57 mm carapace width. The overall sex ratio (males/females) was observed as 1.13 : 1.00. On monthly based analyses, the sex ratio showed no significant differences, although a significant deviation was observed toward males in the larger size classes. According to the gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad maturity and occurrence of ovigerous females, the main breeding season occurs from March to October, with a remarkable peak in June. Fecundity ranged from 24 152 to 10 5287 eggs per individual, with a mean value of 52 389 ± 25 660. The ratio between fecundity and carapace width varied from 632 to 2044 eggs/mm (mean: 1198 ± 472 eggs/mm) and fecundity relative to total mass varied from 771 to 1965 eggs/g (mean: 1336.66 ± 425.43 eggs/g). The reproductive output ranged from 1.04 to 3.78 (mean: 2.35 ± 0.90). The shape of the egg was spherical and it included 6 stages of growth, ranging from fully filled with yolk to fully occupied by the embryo. We concluded that reproduction in O. rotundata is seasonal, and that spawning occurs in an appropriate period to ensure maximum survival of the offspring. The fecundity of O. rotundata is higher than that of other species of Brachyura, with GSI variations being related to temperature. Overall, the results of this study provide relevant information for the reproduction in general and the breeding seasons of O. rotundata, whicht can be useful for conservation and management policies aimed at preserving the biodiversity of ghost crabs along the Persian Gulf’s sandy shores.

PERSEPSI PETERNAK PADA KEPEMIMPINAN PENDAMPING DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHA TERNAK DI PAGUYUBAN AL-AWWALIYAH, PASIRWANGI, GARUT, JAWA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Sulistiani ◽  
Ujang Maman ◽  
Junaidi J
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Leadership Qualities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Objective of this research; 1) determine the perception of ranchers against the properties and behavior of the leadership of the companion in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 2) analyze the relationship between productivity breeder with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah 3) identify the relationship perceptions of ranchers against the leadership companion with productivity of livestock in the Society of Al-Awwaliyah , The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from questionnaires which stem from ranchers while secondary data sourced from literature in the form of books and articles. Data processing was performed using Chi-square analysis using SPSS software version 21. One of the factors relating to the productivity of ranchers is the perception of ranchers against the leadership of their companion. Leadership companion views of the nature and behavior of which is owned by a companion. Productivity ranchers indirectly related to the productivity of the cattle business. Characteristics breeder visits of age, years of education, experience ranchers, and businesses in addition to ranchers. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between business other than ranchers with ranchers productivity. The relationship between the perception of the nature of the companion breeder with productivity ranchers produce Pearson Chi-Square value is 9.751 and Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) of 0.002. This is due to interest ranchers against leadership qualities possessed by a companion who produce prolific ranchers. Ranchers consider that a companion of his leadership qualities are ideal as a companion.

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