Occurrence and importance of root rots caused by fungal pathogens on sugar beet grown in Konya province of Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 674-681
Author(s):  
Rıza Kaya ◽  
Meltem Avan ◽  
Cemre Aksoy ◽  
Fikret Demirci ◽  
Yakup Zekai Katircioğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Phytophthora Spp

Sugar beet is extensively grown in Konya province of Turkey and about one third of production of Turkey is obtained from this region. Recently root rots have been observed at all the growth stages of sugar beet especially at later stages near the harvest. During 2015–2017 growing years, 866 fields were visited and diseased samples having root rot symptoms were collected. Various root rot pathogens were isolated from 691 fields; Rhizoctonia solani being the most common (15% of the fields) followed by Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Phoma betae, Aphanomyces cochlioides and Pythium spp. Apart from these pathogens, Fusarium culmorum, F. equiseti, F. sambucinum, F. verticillatum, unidentified Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina and Phytophthora spp. were also determined. All the fungal pathogens were isolated from both of the sugar beet growing stages of 0–12 BBCH and 31–49 BBCH, some of them being high ratios at the late stages. Some isolates of A. cochlioides, P. betae, Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., and R. solani were highly aggressive when tested by a soil inoculum layer technique. Effects of twelve fungicides, in sixteen different combination and rate, on the most virulant and common four pathogens, A. cochlioides P. betae, Py. ultimum var. ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, were investigated by the same technique. None of the fungicide mixes inhibited all four pathogens. Thiram + metalaxyl + hymexazol + pyraclastrobin mix sufficiently prevented disease development of the first three pathogens but not R. solani.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 from Sugar Beet to Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Arabiat ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Assay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Mean Concentration

Rhizoctonia damping-off and crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani are major diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) worldwide, and growers in the United States rely on fungicides for disease management. Sensitivity of R. solani to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using a mycelial radial growth assay and by evaluating disease severity on R. solani AG 2-2 inoculated plants treated with fungicides in the greenhouse. The mean concentration that caused 50% mycelial growth inhibition (EC50) values for baseline isolates (collected before the fungicides were registered for sugar beet) were 49.7, 97.1, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.9 μg ml−1 and for nonbaseline isolates (collected after registration and use of fungicides) were 296.1, 341.7, 0.9, 0.2, and 0.6 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, penthiopyrad, and prothioconazole, respectively. The mean EC50 values of azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin significantly increased in the nonbaseline isolates compared with baseline isolates, with a resistant factor of 6.0, 3.5, and 3.0, respectively. Frequency of isolates with EC50 values >10 μg ml−1 for azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin increased from 25% in baseline isolates to 80% in nonbaseline isolates. Although sensitivity of nonbaseline isolates of R. solani to quinone outside inhibitors decreased, these fungicides at labeled rates were still effective at controlling the pathogen under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Ziedan ◽  
Ibrahim Elewa ◽  
Mostafa Mostafa ◽  
Ahmed Sahab
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Va Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Diseases

Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (VAM) was evaluated as a biotic agent for controlling wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast and Macrophomina phaseolina (Moubl) Ashby pathogens can infect sesame plant at any growth stage causing considerable losses of seed yield. Spores of VA mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus spp.) were collected from the soil around the root systems of sesame plants then propagated on roots of Suddan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese). Under green house and field conditions, two hundreds sporocarps of Glomus spp. were added as a soil drench beside the sesame plant. Glomus spp. (VA mycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants. Lums spp. (VA mycorrhizae) also significantly increased plant morphological characters such as plant height, number of branches and number of pods for each plant. Application of Glomus spp. to protect sesame plants by colonizing the root system, significantly reduced colonization of fungal pathogens in sesame rhizosphere as well as pathogenic activity of fungal pathogens increased lignin contents in the sesame root system were also observed. Furthermore, mycorrhizae treatment provided selective bacterial stimulation for colonization on sesame rhizosphere. These bacteria belonging the Bacillus group showed highly antagonistic potential to fungal pathogens. Application of mycorrhizae together with other biocontrol agent such as Trichoderma viride or Bacillus subtilis significantly effected than individual treatments for controlling these diseases incidences and increasing morphological characters and seed yield of sesame.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Aphanomyces cochlioides and Root Rot in Sugar Beet Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie W. Beale ◽  
Carol E. Windels ◽  
Linda L. Kinkel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Index Value

Spatial distribution of Aphanomyces cochlioides inoculum and disease was assessed in sugar beet fields located near Moorhead, MN and Wahpeton, ND. Soil samples were collected in June and July 1994 from two main plots (60 by 60 m) in each field. Samples were evaluated for A. cochlioides using a sugar beet seedling assay in the greenhouse to determine a root rot index value (0-to-100 scale), which served as an indirect estimate of relative activity and density of inoculum. Field evaluations of Aphanomyces root rot on sugar beet (0-to-7 scale) were made at harvest in September at each soil collection site. Greenhouse root rot index values correlated positively with field disease ratings for all plots. Variance-to-mean ratios of greenhouse root rot index values and of field disease ratings among samples within each plot were calculated to compare the spatial distribution of midseason inoculum with root rot at harvest. Ratios of greenhouse root rot indices indicated that inoculum of A. cochlioides was aggregated in the field at midseason, but root rot was uniform within plots by harvest. Wet weather in July through August was conducive to infection and development of symptoms. A uniform distribution of disease at harvest likely reflects a combination of factors, including root growth into inoculum foci, redistribution of inoculum, and inoculum densities that are spatially variable but all above some minimum threshold for infection.

Aphanomyces Root Rot on Sugar Beet

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Windels
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Aphanomyces Cochlioides

This diagositc guide is on Aphanomyces Root Rot on Sugar Beet, by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs. Accepted for publication 18 July 2000. Published 20 July 2000.

scholarly journals Root rot grain crops on Cereals caused by the phytopathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 11006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Grebenikova ◽  
Alexander Korshunov ◽  
Vasily Rud’ ◽  
Ivan Savchenko ◽  
Marcia Marques
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Root Rots

Researching the special and infraspecial structure in causative agent populations of the most dangerous diseases root rots of cereals in various regions of the Russjan Federation has been carried out. The defeat of cereals root rots old in Russia causes in the a complex patogenic. More often meet Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc., F. oxysporum (Schlecht.) Snyd.et Hans., F. heterosporum Nees., F. sporotrichiella nom.nov. Bilai F. gibbosum App.et Wr.emend Bilai., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., Alternaria spp.

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