The SMRI-NIRS technology: development, validation and benefit

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Walford
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Conventional Methods

The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) has developed a simple to use near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) transmission-based analysis method as an alternative to conventional methods for analysis of sugarcane factory stream samples. The technology provides rapid, simultaneous analysis of refractometric dry substance (rds), polarimetric sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, conductivity ash contents as well as colour and pH for all streams and additionally, dry solids for final molasses and eliminates the need for sample clarification chemicals. The analyte prediction equations were developed using conventional results of samples from 14 South African factories, analysed at SMRI using SANAS/ISO17025 accredited test methods, and NIRS scans of the same samples using up to 16 different NIRS instruments. The NIRS analyte prediction equations were validated against more than 1,500 independent factory samples that had been analysed by conventional methods of analysis, including samples from factories outside South Africa. The reproducibility of the NIRS results were equivalent to existing conventional analysis reproducibility values (juice and final molasses) and previously undocumented values determined for this study for conventional raw house analysis methods. Correlation coefficients of greater than 0.97 were recorded for all major analytes and greater than 0.9 for minor analytes when predicted results were compared against conventional results. A maintenance protocol was also developed to ensure that the prediction equations remain robust and can account for sample matrix variations that can occur from season to season. The SMRI-NIRS technology was installed at all 14 South African factories and found to be robust and give equivalent results to conventional methods of analysis.

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Impact on Work-Home Interference in a South African Commuter Transport Engineering Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Christoff Visagie ◽  
Michael M. Jones ◽  
Herman L. Linde
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engineering Company ◽  
Member Exchange

The South African workplace is confronted with many leadership challenges, specifically those relating to the employment relationship between subordinates and their supervisors. A high-quality relationship is essential, considering the work-family spillovers employees experience. Limited research has been conducted on the potential positive and negative consequences of the leader-member exchange (LMX) dyadic relationship. In this study, we used a cross-sectional research design, and drew an employee sample (N = 120) from a commuter transport engineering company. A five-point Likert scale was employed and statistical analyses were carried out using the SAS statistical program. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients and used structural equation modelling to test the proposed conceptual model to indicate possible correlations between the different variables. The main finding of the study was that the nature of the LMX relationship quality in the relevant company appeared to be high and positively related to work-home enrichment but negatively related to work-home conflict and role overload. The article concludes by making a number of suggestions to respond to challenges.

Prediction of crude protein content in field peas using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Arganosa ◽  
T. D. Warkentin ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
S. Blade ◽  
C. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

A rapid, near-infrared spectroscopic method to predict the crude protein contents of 72 field pea lines grown in Saskatchewan, both whole seeds and ground samples, was established. Correlation coefficients between the laboratory and predicted values were 0.938 and 0.952 for whole seed and ground seed, respectively. Both methods developed are adequate to support our field pea breeding programme. Key words: Field pea, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, crude protein

A Probabilistic and Interval Hybrid Reliability Analysis Method for Structures with Correlated Uncertain Parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1540006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jiang ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
B. Y. Ni ◽  
X. Han
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Probability Interval ◽  
Uncertain Variables ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
Sample Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Reliability

This paper proposes a probability-interval mixed uncertainty model considering parametric correlations and a corresponding structural reliability analysis method. First of all, we introduce the sample correlation coefficients to express the correlations between different kinds of uncertain variables including probability and interval variables. Then dependent parameters are transformed into independent ones through a matrix transformation. A reliability analysis model is put forward, and an efficient method is built to obtain the reliability index or failure probability interval of the structure. Finally, four numerical examples are provided to verify the validity of the method.

scholarly journals Assessing the Stability of Surface Lights for use in Retrievals of Nocturnal Atmospheric Parameters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy E. Solbrig ◽  
Steven D. Miller ◽  
Jianglong Zhang ◽  
Lewis Grasso ◽  
Anton Kliewer
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Infrared Observations ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Geometric Variables ◽  
The Stability

Abstract. Detection and characterization of aerosols is inherently limited at night due to a lack of sensitivity—information typically provided by visible spectrum observations. The VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi-NPP satellite is a first-of-its-kind calibrated sensor capable of collecting visible/near-infrared observations during both day and night. Multiple studies have suggested that anthropogenic light emissions such as those from cities and gas flares may be useable as light sources for retrieval of atmospheric properties including cloud and aerosol optical depth. However, their use in this capacity requires proper characterization of their intrinsic variation, which represents a source of retrieval uncertainty. In this study we use 18 months of cloud-cleared VIIRS data collected over five selected geographic domains to assess the stability of anthropogenic light emissions and their response to varied satellite and lunar geometries. Timeseries are developed for each location in each domain for DNB radiance, four infrared channels, and satellite and lunar geometric variables, and spatially-resolved correlation coefficients are computed between DNB radiance and each of the other variables. This analysis finds that while many emissive light sources are too unstable to be used reliably for atmospheric retrievals, some sources exhibit a sufficient stability (relative standard deviation

scholarly journals Mirror symmetry of higher order aberrations between right and left eyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oberholzer ◽  
W.D.H. Gillan ◽  
A. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
South African ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Pearson Product Moment Correlation ◽  
Scatter Plots ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Order Aberrations

Introduction: There is evidence that certain measures of visual function show some type of relationship between right and left eyes in the same individual.  Similarly, particular ocular maladies may be related, or be symmetric, in the right and left eyes of the same person. There is also evidence to suggest that certain relationships do not exist between eyes in an individual. For example, diseases such as glaucoma are often asymmetric in their progression in the two eyes of an afflicted individual. Inter-ocular mirror symmetry between right and left eyes, when considering ocular wave-front aberrations (WAs), has been shown to exist by some authors. This study investigates whether mirror symmetry of high order aberrations (HOAs) exists between the right and left eyes in a cohort of South African subjects. Method: Third to 5th order Zernike coefficients (HOAs) were measured on both eyes of 66 subjects (132 eyes) using a Zywave aberrometer. A total of 15 Zernike coefficients for each eye were obtained. Mirror symmetry was investigated using correlation coefficients between the various measurements obtained from each eye. Results: Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients provide evidence that the majority of the 15 Zernike coefficients suggest the presence of mirror symmetry between right and left eyes of the 66 subjects. Examples of individual scatter plots comparing right and left eyes are presented.  Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that mirror symmetry exists in the HOAs obtained from the 132 eyes measured and thus care should be exercised when combining eyes of individuals for analysis. (S Afr Optom 2013 73(1) 39-44)

scholarly journals A Review of Optical Nondestructive Visual and Near-Infrared Methods for Food Quality and Safety

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo T. Alander ◽  
Vladimir Bochko ◽  
Birgitta Martinkauppi ◽  
Sirinnapa Saranwong ◽  
Timo Mantere
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
General View ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Food Quality And Safety ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Infrared Methods

This paper is a review of optical methods for online nondestructive food quality monitoring. The key spectral areas are the visual and near-infrared wavelengths. We have collected the information of over 260 papers published mainly during the last 20 years. Many of them use an analysis method called chemometrics which is shortly described in the paper. The main goal of this paper is to provide a general view of work done according to different FAO food classes. Hopefully using optical VIS/NIR spectroscopy gives an idea of how to better meet market and consumer needs for high-quality food stuff.

A Pilot Study of Brand Loyalty in Generation Y of Technical and Vocational Education Training Colleges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Itani Listen Ramuthivheli ◽  
Dr Kirsty-Lee Sharp ◽  
Prof. Bongazana Dondolo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
South African ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Brand Communication ◽  
Brand Satisfaction

Objective - In an increasingly changing and dynamic South African higher education landscape, institutions must communicate their brand to stakeholders to perceive the institution as offering quality services,to have a loyal stakeholder. However, thereseemsto be little attention devoted to the influence of brand communication, brand satisfaction and service quality on brand loyalty in higher education, particularly in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector. Considering this view, and noting that prior research on brand loyalty in the service sector has shown a connection between brand communication, service quality, brand satisfaction and brand loyalty, it is unknown if a similar correlation is found in the South African TVET sector. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate Generation Y students' views of brand communication, brand satisfaction and service quality in the TVET sector throughout the Gauteng Province of South Africa.As a result, this paper summarises the findings of a pilot study to establish the validity and reliability of a questionnaire used to examine Generation Y students' perceptions of brand communication, brand satisfaction and service quality related to brand loyalty in Gauteng TVET colleges. Methodology/Technique - The variables for the paper were derived from previously established questionnaires. A section of the questionnaire asked students about their views of a TVET's brand communication. Additionally, there were questions concerning the quality of service, brand selection and brand loyalty. Finally, all scale items were modified to be more contextually relevant.The questionnaire used a six-point Likert scale, with 1 indicating strong disagreement and 6 indicating strong agreement. The questionnaire was piloted with a convenience sample of 50 students not included in the primary study's sampling frame. Finding - The overall number of respondents (46) was insufficient to undertake extensive statistical testing. As a result, only frequency and correlation coefficients were computed. Correlation analysis revealed a substantial association between brand loyalty and the variables that influence it. All had a strong association between brand loyalty and brand communication, service quality and brand loyalty and satisfaction. Additionally, there were substantial correlationsbetween service quality and brand satisfaction and between service quality and brand communication. Correlation coefficients between constructs ranged from 0.294 to 0.781. This demonstrates that these constructs do not correspond to the same concept. As a result, all construct items were kept for use in the main study. Novelty - The results from the pilot study provides preliminary support for the hypothesised relationship between brand loyalty and its predictors. Marketers and service organisations need to recognise that the future patronage of a service organisation depends on loyalty. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Brand Communication; Service Quality; Brand Satisfaction; Brand Loyalty; Technical and Vocational Training JEL Classification: M31, I23, I29

scholarly journals Fast and Continuous Analysis Method for Steel Pickling Solution Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1420-1424
Author(s):  
Masao Inose ◽  
Tomohiro Matsushima ◽  
Satoshi Kinoshiro ◽  
Kazunori Tahara ◽  
Shigeyuki Aizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Continuous Analysis ◽  
Pickling Solution

A New Tolerance Analysis Method for Designers and Manufacturers

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Greenwood ◽  
K. W. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Assembly Tolerance ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Methods Of Analysis

Even when all manufactured parts for an assembly are produced within limits, these parts still may not assemble properly if the assembly tolerance analysis was inadequately performed. Naturally occurring shifts in a process can produce biased distributions which can result in increased assembly problems and a greater number of rejects than anticipated. The most common methods of analysis of assembly tolerance buildup are worst case and root sum squares. The limitations of each of these methods are discussed and a simple new method is proposed which accounts for expected bias. This new method includes both worst case and root sum squares as extreme cases.

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