scholarly journals Estimating the Determinants of Food Import Demand in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Saada Abdullahi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Import Demand ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Price And Income Elasticities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series

This paper examines the determinants of food import demand in Africa taking the case of Nigeria using the ARDL bounds testing approach. Specifically, the study aims to estimates the short run and long run price and income elasticities of food import demand in Nigeria. The paper used annual time series data over the period 1981 to 2019. The empirical result indicates the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship between food import demand and its determinants. The long run price and income elasticities are -4.57% and 5.57%, respectively. The result shows that population and food production exert significant influence in determining food import demand in both the short run and long run while exchange rate is insignificant in the long run. The paper recommends that price and income-oriented policies will be effective measures in controlling food import demand in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Tourism And Economic Growth In Kenya: An Empirical Investigation

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obadiah N. Kibara ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo ◽  
Josephine M. Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series

In this study, we examine the dynamic relationship between tourism sector development and economic growth using annual time-series data from Kenya. The study attempts to answer one critical question - Is tourism development in Kenya pro-growth? The study uses an ARDL-bounds testing approach to examine these linkages and also incorporates trade as an intermittent variable between tourism development and economic growth in a multivariate setting. The results of our study show that there is a uni-directional causality from tourism development to economic growth. The results are found to hold irrespective of whether the causality is estimated in the short run and long run. Other results show that international tourism Granger-causes trade, while trade Granger-causes economic growth in Kenya in both the short and the long run.

scholarly journals Impact of Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in Rwanda: 1961-2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ruranga ◽  
Daniel S. Ruturwa ◽  
Valens Rwema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of trade on economic growth in Rwanda. This paper uses exports and imports for trade and gross domestic product for economic growth. Research questions were formulated as (1) Are exports, imports and economic growth cointegrated? (2) Is there a long or short run relationship between those Variables? (3) Are there any causal relationships between factors (4) what the direction of the causality is it? Annual time series data from World Development Indicators for the period from 1961 to 2018 have been used. The methods of linear regression for estimation of Vector Auto regressions models have been used. Our findings established that VAR was appropriate model, and GDP, Exports were stationary at first differences while Imports was stationary at second difference but not at levels. Hence the two series were integrated of order one and the third one was integrated of order two. Tests of cointegration indicates that the three variables were not cointegrated, implying there was no long run equilibrium relationship between the three series. The causality test indicated that exports and imports influenced GDP. On the other hand, we found that there was a strong evidence of unidirectional causality from exports to economic growth. However, there was bidirectional causality between GDP and imports. These results provide evidence that exports and imports, thus, were seen as the source of economic growth in Rwanda.

scholarly journals The long-Run and Short-Run Analysis between Stock Market Index and Macroeconomic Variables in Jordan: Bounds Tests Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Raed Walid Al-Smadi ◽  
Muthana Mohammad Omoush
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Stock Market Index ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Market Index ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Short Run

This paper investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between stock market index and the macroeconomic variables in Jordan. Annual time series data for the 1978–2017 periods and the ARDL bounding test are used. The results identify long-run equilibrium relationship between stock market index and the macroeconomic variables in Jordan. Jordanian policy makers have to pay more attention to the current regulation in the Amman Stock Exchange(ASE) and manage it well, thus ultimately helping financial development.

Modelling the Nexus Between Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Case of Afghanistan and Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath ◽  
Ubaid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
And Control

This paper tries to explore the existence of a long-run relationship between foreign aid and economic growth by using the data from the two highest foreign aid recipient countries. Using the annual time series data from 1965 to 2017 this study uses several econometric models such as Johansen and Juselius cointegration, Granger causality and vector auto regression to establish the long and short-run relationships among foreign aid inflows and economic growth while also considering financial development and trade openness from both the countries. The empirical results suggest that no long-run relationship exists among foreign aid inflows and economic growth for both the countries. However, unidirectional causality running from foreign aid to economic growth is indicative in both countries. Therefore, the findings in this paper support the adequate need for foreign aid for effective economic growth amid an upright policy environment, related issues of conditionality and political stability. Our results are robust to independent, and control variables and estimation techniques are also on par with robustness.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impact On Rice Production in Pakistan: An ARDL-Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Ali Chandio ◽  
Yuansheng Jiang ◽  
Habibullah Magsi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Bounds Testing Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ardl Bounds Testing Approach

This research paper aims to examine the relationship between CO2, temperature, area, fertilizers and rice production in Pakistan. This study used Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests to check the order of integration of each variable. The cointegration analysis with ARDL bounds testing approach is used to examine the impact of climate change on rice production in Pakistan over time series data from the period 1968 to 2014. The parameter stability test of the model is also checked at the end. The results of estimation show that the important variables of the study are cointegrated demonstrating the presence of long-run association among them. Furthermore, climate change factors, e.g. CO2 and temperature have a long-run and short-run positive effect on the production of rice in Pakistan. This present work is original and it is first time empirically tested the impact of climate change on rice production in Pakistan. The annual time series data of 47 years enhances the validity of the empirical findings. The most fruitful finding of this research is that rice production in Pakistan is positively influenced by emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 5 percent significance level in both long-run and short-run.

scholarly journals Impact of Poverty and Population Increase on Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Study of Pakistan and India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Sher Ali ◽  
Bibi Aisha Sadiqa ◽  
Sajjad Ali ◽  
Shabana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
The Impact

This study is devoted to elucidating the impact of poverty and population increase on air pollution (CO2-emission) in the two most populous countries of South Asia i.e. Pakistan and India. Annual time series data for the period of 1990-2018 are used to examine the said impact. To estimate the desired impact Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) technique is used. It is observed that CO2 emission is significantly determined by population increase and poverty in case of India. In the case of Pakistan population increase significantly affect CO2 emission in both the short run and long run, while poverty don not contributed significantly in the long run. Industrial production if found positive and statistically significant in both the runs. Stability of the model and other diagnostic tests are also employed not serious econometric problems are repowered. It is suggested on the bases of results that serious steps should be taken to reduce environmental pollution by reducing population increase and poverty. Industrial production also contributed to air pollution therefore industrial policies are also needed to be employed to reduce Air pollution.

scholarly journals FOREIGN INVESTMENT INFLOWS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR A RENEWED ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN ECONOMETRIC STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
Aderopo Raphael Adediyan ◽  
Emmanuel Ekomoezor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series

This study attempts to find answer to the question of whether Nigeria should intensify effort to draw home more foreign investment; would more of foreign investment inflows accelerate Nigeria economic performance? Methodologically, annual time series data from 1986 to 2018 was analyzed using ARDL approach. The key findings are that, although FDI has long-run positive impact on economic growth, FPI has no operational effect on the growth; this is true of FPI both in the long-run and short-run. Furthermore, labour force and trade openness were found to have long-run and short-run positive impact on growth. Hence, government must tactically open up economy to trans-border trade, increase labour supply and intensify effort to attract more FDI.

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution in Brunei: ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Issa Moh’d Hemed ◽  
Suleiman Malik Faki ◽  
Salim Hamad Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bound Test

Aims: This study examined the short run and long run dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Brunei. We adoptedAuto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to scrutinize the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) among the studying variables by using time series data cover the period of 1974 to 2014. Methodology: The ARDL bound test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the integrated variables when CO2 chosen as a dependent variable. Results: The results support the existences of EKC hypotheses in the long-run whereas in the short-run an inverted U-shaped curve was not confirmed between GDP and CO2 in Brunei. The results of Granger causality based on VECM analysis have shown unidirectional causality runs from economic growth to CO2 in the short run. Further analysis through stability test indicates the coefficients in the model are stable and do not suffers with structural break within the time taken in the study. Conclusion: The government of Brunei should proceed to target the sustainable means of production, which has an environmental friendly and consumes less energy to enhance economic growth and maintain environmental quality in the long run.

scholarly journals Effect of Public Expenditure in Construction and Transportation sectors on Employment in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
EWUBARE,Dennis Brown ◽  
MAEBA, Sampson Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Short Run

This paper examined public expenditure and employment in Nigeria from 1980 to 2017. The study was induced by the insufficient federal government budgetary allocations to some critical sectors such as transport and construction sectors that tend to prompt the decay in the construction sector. To this end, the objectives of the study are to evaluate the effect of public expenditure in construction and transport sectors on employment rate in Nigeria. In doing this time series data were collected from CBN bulletin from 1980-2017 on variables such as employment rate, public expenditure on construction and transportation sectors. The cointegraton and ECM methods were used for the analysis. The long run dynamic results showed that there exists a long-run relationship or equilibrium among the variables. The coefficient of ECM is negatively signed and statistically significant at 5 percent level. Meaning that the short run error has been adjusted to long run equilibrium relationship. The result of analysis showed that in the long run, government expenditure will address the pitfalls in the country employment. Therefore, the paper recommended that effort should be made to ensure viability of social infrastructure through increase in annual capital budget spending in order to increase the level of employment and hence economic growth in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Production: Evidence from Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Niranjan Devkota ◽  
◽  
Nirash Paija ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Rice Yields

This study assesses the long-run relationship and short-run dynamics between paddy yields and climate variables, particularly maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall, using time-series data from 1971 to 2014 in Nepal. Applying Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Regression or ARDL bounds testing approach for analysis of co-integration between the variables, we confirm that there is a long-run relationship among the variables. Furthermore, we employ Granger non-causality tests for robustness. The findings reveal that rainfall has substantial effects on the rice yield. Specifically, a positive and significant relationship exists between rice yields and rainfall and that this relationship is unidirectional. Rainfall impacts on rice yield and holding all things constant, a 1 mm increase in rainfall increases rice yields by 0.65 percent. Given the effects of temperature on rice crops and increasing climate change vulnerabilities, agricultural scientists should focus on research and development of temperature tolerant rice varieties in the production of rice yields.

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