scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY SECTOR OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Boiko ◽  
Iryna Miskevych
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy

This article examines the current prospects for developing nuclear energy in Ukraine in terms of sustainable development. The strategic importance of nuclear energy for Ukraine is indicated. The advantages of nuclear energy in the context of electricity production's external costs over other energy generation technologies are noted. Today, nuclear energy is considered the most cost-effective low-carbon energy source. An analysis of reports from the Atomic Energy Agency and the US Department of Energy shows that nuclear power generation is a leader in many countries' energy sector, producing cheaper electricity than traditional TPPs. The main challenges for the energy system of Ukraine are highlighted. Among them are: wear and tear and impact on the environment of thermal generation (equipment at thermal power plants is worn out by 70–90 %); the unsatisfactory pace of modernization of the main generating capacities, mainly TPPs; the inconsistency of the flexibility of the United Energy System (UES) of Ukraine with the development of "green" energy (increasing the share of "green" energy increases the risks of UES sustainability) and the corresponding ill-consideredness in the pace and scale of renewable energy implementation. Lack of shunting power; the need to duplicate the capacity of renewable energy due to the low installed capacity factor (ICUF) and significant dependence on natural and climatic conditions; the need to replace existing nuclear power units, which end their extended service life with new, more modern ones that will meet the latest safety and economy standards; the imperfection of the electricity market, primarily in the context of its sale by nuclear generation producers under bilateral agreements; deficit of investments in the whole fuel and energy complex. The main prospects for the development of nuclear energy in Ukraine are identified. Completion of Units 3 and 4 of Khmelnytskyi NPP (KhNPP) remains a critical prospect. An obstacle to this for Ukraine is the lack of appropriate technologies on the Ukrainian side and the curtailment of cooperation with Russia and companies belonging to this state. Another obstacle is that the promising power units of KhNPP based on WWER-1000 belong to the second generation, which today do not morally meet the latest trends and requirements in efficiency and safety standards. Theoretically, Western leaders in the nuclear industry, Orano and Westinghouse, could develop nuclear power plants based on their next-generation "3" and "3+" reactors, where the essential safety requirements are already embedded in the original design of the unit. Another option would be to implement a small modular reactor technology project in Ukraine. Technologically, this will quickly resolve the issue of load management, which arose due to the rapid increase in the share of renewable energy generation in our country. This type of reactor has a significant advantage, which in addition to the minimum load on the environment is: the possibility of placement in areas where additional services are needed in the energy market; low construction costs; frequency of service and operating time; the full cycle of work with fuel. In general, low-power reactors can be used to implement the strategy of hybrid power generation (renewable + nuclear energy).

Renewable Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development in Fujian

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2477-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li Zhang ◽  
Qi Xun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Strategies

Renewable energy is considered important resources for sustainable development all over the world. Fujian province, locating in south-east of China, was selected as an example to discuss renewable energy strategies for sustainable development. The potential renewable energy sources in Fujian were analyzed. And the strategies involve three major technological changes, including energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy. Nuclear energy was also introduced to the energy system. The conclusion was that converting present energy systems into a 100% renewable system was possible; in case of some flexible energy system technologies as well as nuclear power were introduced to the present energy system.

scholarly journals The price for sustainable development of renewable energy sector: the case of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Iryna Sotnyk ◽  
Tetiana Kurbatova ◽  
Oleksandr Kubatko ◽  
Yevhen Baranchenko ◽  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
State Support ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Feed In Tariff

While implementing state support mechanisms for renewable energy deployment, each country faces the problem of assessing and forecasting their consequences and must timely adjust their set to ensure sustainable energy development. The article estimates the price for sustainable development of the renewable energy sector on the example of Ukraine based on evaluating the effectiveness of the key mechanism of state support for the industry advancement - the feed-in tariff. The comparison of feed-in tariff rates with the LCOE indicators for the electricity generated from solar and wind power plants has shown that the current feed-in tariffs for two of the most popular renewable energy technologies are inflated several times and do not meet global trends in reducing the cost price of electricity generated by these technologies. The consequence of applying economically unreasonable tariffs is the annual over-expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine, which recently count hundreds of millions of euros. In the context of the country’s growing green energy generation, the conditions for further use of the feed-in tariff and the transition to other state support mechanisms are substantiated.

PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY IN UKRAINE: LEGAL ASPECTS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleb Shmatko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Further Development

The article analyzes the essence of the term "sustainable development" in the context of the development and further formation of the alternative energy sector, the relevance of implementation (renewable energy), aspects of the strengths and weaknesses of this energy segment in the legal dimension. Today, it cannot be said that this area of the industry does not have a foundation for further development, international cooperation with the EU, China and other states provide directions for the development of Ukraine's energy independence. The experience of EU countries in the transition from traditional energy sources to renewable ones indicates not only the use of energy-saving technologies, but also shows that the so-called "green energy" is a powerful tool in the energy supply of industrially developed countries, competing with coal, oil and gas and nuclear power plants. Ukraine has a significant potential for renewable energy, which should be used to stimulate the country's economic activity, improve its trade balance, which allows not only to update fixed production assets in the energy sector, but also to create new jobs and reduce dependence on energy imports using the diversification of energy supply sources. The strategy of further development of alternative energy in Ukraine requires the creation and legislative provision of favorable investment conditions and appropriate state support, the development of competitive technologies and equipment samples, and their introduction into production. State support for alternative energy production should also consist in providing benefits and stimulating investments directed to the development of various alternative energy sectors, including through the conclusion of relevant international agreements. The lack of its own energy resources and dependence on energy imports is the main threat to the national security of any country. In this connection, energy policy is the basic condition for the existence and development of the state.

Sustainable Development of China With Nuclear Energy System Beyond Generation-IV

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Zhou ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Yongwei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation

Two aspects of the development trend of current nuclear fission technology are discussed. The first aspect is to improve economic competitiveness and safety for searching opportunity of enlarging the share of nuclear power. The second aspect is to explore new ways of improving the efficiency of nuclear fuel utilization and of reducing the geological repository volume of radioactive products from nuclear power generation. Sustainable development of Chinese economy in 21st century will mainly rely on sustainable supply of clean energy with indigenous natural resources. The burden of current coal-dominant energy mix and the environmental pollution due to energy consumptions has led nuclear power to be an indispensable choice for further expanding electricity generation capacity and for reducing greenhouse effect gases emission in China. The long-term sustainable development strategy with nuclear fission technology beyond generation-IV for electric power generation, namely the fusion-fission hybrid subcritical reactor technology, is discussed. The impact of the proposed fission-fusion hybrid reactor to future nuclear power generation technology will reply on the success of the ITER-scale (500MW fusion power) Tokamak to burn plasma continuously in the predictable future. The main challenges and prospects of the strategy are also analyzed. The preliminary analysis has shown that the fission in the subcritical blanket driven by fusion neutrons can effectively amplify the energy carried by fusion neutron and maintain breeding of fissile material and tritium. It has been found from the results of a conceptual design that this new type of fusion-fission hybrid reactor may meet the requirement of China’s long-term sustainable development of nuclear energy.

Efficient Power Generation From Large 750°C Heat Sources: Application to Coal-Fired and Nuclear Power Stations

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Tilliette ◽  
B. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Efficient Power ◽  
Steam Cycle

Considering the concern about a more efficient, rational use of heat sources, and a greater location flexibility of power plants owing to cooling capability, closed gas cycles can offer new solutions for fossil or nuclear energy. An efficient heat conversion into power is obtained by the combination of a main non-intercooled helium cycle with a flexible, superheated, low-pressure bottoming steam cycle. Emphasis is placed on the matching of the two cycles and, for that, a recuperator bypass arrangement is used. The operation of the main gas turbocompressor does not depend upon the operation of the small steam cycle. Results are presented for a conservative turbine inlet temperature of 750 C. Applications are made for a coal-fired power plant and for a nuclear GT-HTGR. Overall net plant efficiencies of 39 and 46 percent, respectively, are projected.

Risk Perceptions of Resuming Nuclear Power Plant Operations After Fukushima: A Student Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (sp) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Kami Seo ◽  
◽  
Tadahiro Motoyoshi ◽  
Yasunobu Maeda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation

Quake-induced accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011 triggered heated argument about the country’s energy policy in Japan. Although many people recognized the risk of nuclear energy use, they did not necessarily support the option of abandoning the technology for the near future. This paper focuses on how people perceive risks associated with and without nuclear power generation and how perceived risks affect their opinion. We conducted questionnaire survey targeting 18–20 year old university students, the stakeholders in the future. The survey was implemented in 2013–2014 when none of Japan’s nuclear power plants was in active use. Three quarters of the respondents answered that a future with nuclear power generation was more realistic than without it. The aspects dividing the two groups, i.e., respondents who expect a future with or without nuclear energy use were their evaluations of three themes: (1) the feasibility of renewable energy sources, (2) the impacts in the safety of developing nations’ nuclear power generation, and (3) the difficulty in gaining the acceptance of residents near the power plants. Meanwhile, both groups above were similarly positive about technological innovation, and were similarly and strongly negative about developing safety management.

Nuclear Power System on a Base of Transportable Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny P. Velikhov ◽  
Vyacheslav P. Kuznetsov ◽  
Vladimir F. Demin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Physical Protection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nuclear Damage

This paper presents the initial provisions, materials, results, current status and next tasks of the study dedicated to the issues of legal and institutional support of transportable nuclear power plants. This study is performed in the framework of the IAEA International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles INPRO. Transportable nuclear power plants (TNPPs) are either small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) with their lifecycle implemented on a single transportable platform, or SNPPs assembled of transportable factory-made modules. Advantages of SNPPs and TNPPs are: • Enhanced safety and reliability; • Design simplicity, • Shorter construction period; • Industrial serial production; • Smaller capital costs and shorter investment cycle compared with large NPP; • Possibility of autonomous operation; • Suitability for non-electric application and others. There is an objective evidence of growing interest in developing a nuclear energy system (NES) based on SNPPs including TNPPs. Underlying assumptions of the Russian study: • The User of TNPP services is interested in receiving energy only, does not claim ownership of nuclear technologies, materials and TNPP itself, and this incurs minimal liability for nuclear energy use; INPRO defines this TNPP lifecycle option as “Maximum outsourcing”; • All operations involving nuclear fuel are performed either at the TNPP manufacturer plant, or at a regional TNPP service center within the Holder’s liability zone; • TNPP sitting requires no onsite operations except assembling. Expert reviews have been performed to confirm TNPP lifecycle compliance with the nuclear legislation in fields such as: safety; non-proliferation; nuclear materials’ monitoring, accounting and control; physical protection; and civil liability for nuclear damage; transport operations. It was confirmed that: • In traditional approaches, the existing legal and institutional framework is sufficient for implementing TNPP lifecycle; to achieve the highest efficiency and safety of TNPPs it is necessary to develop TNPPs’ designs, their legal and institutional support; • The following issues are of immediate interest for further studies: combination of inherent safety features and passive safety systems in TNPPs; TNPP lifecycle economy; lifecycle concept without onsite refueling; new approaches to indemnification for nuclear damage; new approaches to physical protection; nuclear liability of TNPP User; remote nuclear materials monitoring, and control and TNPP’ operating; serial industrial fabrication; licensing and certification; public-private partnership; international personnel training system; international cooperation in TNPP fabrication and servicing; role of the IAEA in developing TNPP-based NES. • TNPP/SNPP-based nuclear energy system including all kinds of respective legal, institutional and infrastructural support should become the subject of further studies.

Solution to Pakistan Electrical Power Crisis

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Akbar ◽  
Shahab Khusnood
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Private Power

Electricity is the engine for the growth of economy of any country. Total installed electricity generation capacity of Pakistan is presently approx 20,000 MW as given in Table-1. Despite this, almost 40% of the population is without electricity. Pakistan has been blessed with tremendous resources for electrical power generation with hydel, coal, renewable energy resources and Nuclear power. Hydel, coal potential of more than 40,000 MW and 10,000 MW are available but only 15% of hydroelectric potential has been harnessed so for where as only 150 MW power plant on indigenous coal has been set up. To exploit Pakistan hydel and coal resources for power generation large investments are needed which Pakistan economy can not afford. Govt. of Pakistan has created an organization of private power and infrastructure board (PPIB) to facilitate private sector in the participation of power generator. PPIB is tapping the resources and facilitating the private sector for establishment of power projects. Pakistan is collaborating with China for establishment of Nuclear Power Plants and plan to generate up to 10,000 MW by year 2025. Renewable energy resources are also required to be tapped. This paper will focus on the Pakistan power generation potential by utilizing local resources keeping in view the next 20 year supply and demand position.

scholarly journals FACTORS OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
U. Pysmenna ◽  
G. Trypolska ◽  
T. Kurbatova ◽  
O. Kubatko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Transition Management ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the preconditions for sustainable development of the energy sector from the standpoint of political and economic basis of energy transitions, actualizes and reveals the scientific problem of the impact of socio-technical transitions, in particular energy, on economic sustainability. It is determined that the task of assessing the efficiency of the energy system as a set of criteria for achieving a compromise of interests, stability and reliability of energy markets is best solved by assessing energy sustainability. Problems and ways to intensify the use of energy policy levers to promote sustainable energy transitions have been identified. It is determined that with the help of sustainable energy transitions the state is able to overcome its own inefficiency of energy conversion and consumption and to demonstrate the phenomenon of decoupling (economic growth without significant growth of energy consumption). Energy policies and strategies as means of energy transition management are considered: creation of preconditions for their occurrence; acceleration / deceleration, support of current transittions; minimization of negative external factors and social factors of vulnerability to changes in socio-technical regimes; maintaining an optimal energy balance. A deeper understanding of the process of energy transition management, vulnerability of energy systems under their influence has been achieved. Three key factors of energy transition management in order to strengthen the level of energy sustainability and ensure sustainable development of the economy: the course (flow) of transitions, the vulnerability of the economic system under their influence and the level of sustainability of energy transitions. Effective management of such transitions with the help of these factors can be a guarantee of sustainable development not only of the energy sector but also of the economy as a whole and create the conditions for its transition to a sustainable and circular type of development. The management of energy transitions in the energy sector of Ukraine is analyzed on the example of diversification of electricity supply through the operation of small solar power plants in private households.

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