scholarly journals Fighting and Victory as Basic Terms in Agonistics and Praxeology and the Art of War

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jarosław Wołejszo ◽  
Konrad Malasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Scientific Specialty

Questions of how to overcome problems are probably the basic questions of fighters. Answers to them, from a historical perspective, the principles of martial art have been provided. These provisions, often mutually exclusive, raise questions related to the scientific approach to this issue. The scientific specialty dealing with the issue of combat is agonistics. This article is devoted to the presentation of the main concepts of agonistics and the general combat theory. In the first section, the author searches for an answer to the question whether an agonist meets the basic criteria of a scientific theory. The second section is devoted to the presentation of its main category, which is  the concept of struggle. The last chapter refers to the purposeful cause of this theory represented by the concept of victory. This article confronts praxeological and sociological content with concepts characteristic of martial arts, and its main idea is to harmonize divergent insights on the phenomenon of struggle and victory, the main categories of agonistics. The research used theoretical (analysis, synthesis, comparison, inference and generalization) and empirical methods have been used. Additionally, a diagnostic survey has included the expert interview technique. The research results are presented in individual subsections of the article.

scholarly journals The First Cadaveric Dissection in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Soumit Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cadaver Dissection ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cadaveric Dissection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Bengal Renaissance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Historical Perspective The first cadaver dissection in India in the 19th century after millennia of social prejudices took place in the recently established Calcutta Medical College in 1835, the first medical college in Asia imparting western medical education to British, Anglo Indians and Indians in the empire.  The first scientific approach to medical sciences commenced following this landmark event and set the trend for future liberal attitudes in society and contributed to the Bengal Renaissance of the 19th century. This is a fictional account of the day when it happened. Only the characters and the fact that the dissection occurred are real.

scholarly journals Deep-convective vertical transport: what is mass flux?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3535-3553 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-I. Yano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flux ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Convective Transport ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Convective Mass Flux

Abstract. Conceptual basis for the convective mass flux that is used in parameterizations is reviewed from a historical perspective. The main idea of the convective mass flux formulation does not purely reside in dividing the grid-box averaged vertical velocity into several mass flux components such as convective updrafts, downdrafts, and environmental subsidence. The main point rather resides on assuming different vertical profiles for transported quantities for different components. From this point of view, the best way to turn off the convective transport of chemical species is to set the vertical profile of chemical species within convective components (both updrafts and downdrafts) equal to that of the environment. This procedure turns out to be equivalent of simply turning off a standard convective chemical transport package.

An insider's look at the rise of Nigerian 419 scams

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Brody ◽  
Sara Kern ◽  
Kehinde Ogunade
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Inside Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Total Elimination

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine and provide additional insights into Nigerian 419 scams. Such scams may also be referred to as advance fee frauds. This study not only provides a historical perspective as to why these scams continue to remain popular and successful but also addresses cultural issues and technological issues associated with this type of fraud. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is primarily conceptual, focusing on the historical underpinnings of 419 scams as well as changes that have occurred as a result of technological advancements. Further, an active Nigerian scammer agreed to be interviewed by one of the authors and the information has been incorporated into this paper. Findings Fraudsters in Nigeria use a more “scientific” approach to identifying victims. The Government of Nigeria has been implementing some new policies and techniques to identify these fraudsters as well as to attempt to curtail such fraudulent activities. Unfortunately, these attempts have had limited success and more will be needed to slow down 419 scammers. The total elimination of such scams is unlikely. Originality/value Although many 419 scams have been reported in the news, actual studies in this area are quite limited. Further, current research has not produced comprehensive papers that focus on why these frauds ever started, how they have developed over time and how technology has impacted such frauds. This paper is among the first to include “inside” information from an actual Nigerian scammer and thus adds significant value to the existing literature.

Ict and education in the perspective of experts from business, government, academia and NGos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Arteaga ◽  
◽  
Lukasz Tomczyk ◽  
Gabriel Barros ◽  
Solomon Sunday-Oyelere
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
The People ◽  
Expert Interview

he overall aim of the book is to obtain the opinion of experts and actors that are involved in the provision of support to people with certain disabilities. The following actors and experts were consulted in the study: social workers, ICT experts, business experts, teachers with expertise in social and migrant issues. The study data collected has helped in the mapping of the issue at hand from four different viewpoints, including education, technical, business and non-governmental sectors. Given the complexity of the study as a multicontinental and multifaceted project, the researchers agreed on the use of a qualitative research method. An expert interview technique was used to collect rich and thoughtful opinion data from the four complimentary sectors. Most of the interviewees are well-known experts, who have accrued several years of working experience in either developing ICT-based solutions for education, implementing decision as top-level executive in the business sector or involved in providing care for the people with disabilities. The interpretative paradigm grounded was used to analyze the participants’ responses regarding the roles played by ICT in supporting inclusive education.

MODERN TERMS IN CIVIL LAW: METHODOLOGICAL-CATEGORIAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
A.G. Demieva
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Dialectical Logic ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Domestic Law

Introduction: the article is devoted to the study of modern terms in domestic Russian civil law. Purpose: to show the reasons for the appearance of new terms in civil law and to identify the problems associated with their content, which are faced by scientists and practicing lawyers. Methods: theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; comparative legal method, empirical methods of comparison, description. Results: an analysis of some modern terms of civil law indicates the following reasons for their appearance. Firstly, internal growth and development of domestic civil legislation. Secondly, the emergence of new technologies. Thirdly, an erroneous and false understanding of the meaning of some concepts. Conclusions: the identified reasons of the appearance of new and borrowed terms in civil law require a differentiated scientific approach to their study in order to avoid erroneous and false understanding of their meaning. In order to become an element of the scientific terminological apparatus, current legislation and legal practice, any terminological borrowing must be systemic. Borrowing of new terms and concepts is necessary: firstly, in the absence of a similar lexical unit in domestic law, secondly, when there is a need for a unified approach to determining the content of a legal phenomenon.

scholarly journals Et senmiddelalderligt tysk fægtemesterhåndskrift på Det Kongelige Bibliotek. Ms. Thott 290 2º

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Frederik Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Technical Quality ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
The Art Of War

Claus Frederik Sørensen: A Late Middle Age German fencing master’s manuscript in the Royal Library. Ms. Thott 290 2°   The Royal Library in Copenhagen houses a volume entitled Thott 290 2º Meister Hans Thalhofer: Alte Armatur und Ringkunst. It is a richly illustrated, Late Middle Age German manuscript dated 1459. The manuscript was produced at the request of the German fencing master Hans Talhoffer and contains information on the art of fencing, the art of war, and legal duelling.   Thott 290 2º consists of 150 sheets. Paper is the material used and the sheets measure 30 cm × 21 cm. The text in the manuscript has been written with red and black ink; the illustrations have been painted and are boldly outlined. Both the text and the illustrations have been professionally produced and are of high technical quality.   Thott 290 2º seems to be a combination of a sales catalogue and a knowledge bank and falls within the genre of fencing manuscripts that, as late as the 1400s, dealt with a deadly art, as can well be seen in the manuscript’s many gory and macabre illustrations.   There are 66 known German Middle Age and Renaissance fencing manuscripts, of which a list is given at the end of this article. Most of these manuscripts are based on verses that describe an ideology of fencing developed by Johannes Liechtenauer, a fencing master in the 1300s. This fencing ideology, written by the fencing master in verse form, later became the foundation for subsequent German fencing masters’ teaching, including that of Hans Talhoffer.   The manuscript Thott 290 2º contains a wide variety of knowledge, presented either with the help of illustrations or described by text. The manuscript thus constitutes an invaluable source of information concerning a forgotten European Middle Age martial art on a level with what today is known from China and Japan.  

Sleep Apnea—An Historical Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Charles F. Koopmann, ◽  
Willard B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Historical Perspective
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