Malaria and the Sickle Cell Trait: Conferring Selective Protective Advantage to Malaria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Endemic Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Endemic Areas

Malaria is an endemic disease in the developing countries like Nigeria with high mortality and morbidity rates especially in children and pregnant women who are immune competent. A lot of measures have been taken to control malaria in this part of the world but is still major problem confronting person in the malaria endemic areas. Sickle cell trait has been shown to confer selective protective advantage to malaria on the persons possessing the hemoglobin genotype. This paper discussed the selective protective advantage of sickle cell trait to malaria.

scholarly journals ECAST Syndrome (Exercise Collapse Associated with Sickle Cell Trait): First Knock of Sickle Cell in a Young Bodybuilder

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Janhavi Mahajan ◽  
Dhruv Talwar ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Sourya Acharya ◽  
Yogesh Kakde
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
History Of

ECAST Or exercise collapse associated with sickle cell trait is a rare phenomenon associated with sickle cell trait and is an important presentation of sickle cell disease in sports medicine. Collapse is seen following vigorous physical activity, which is due to excessive heat, dehydration and other factors associated with physical exercise. This rare syndrome is often missed by the treating physicians as a result of a lack of knowledge about this rare entity leading to massive underreporting. It is important to identify ECAST as a cause of the collapse in young athletes to prevent mortality and morbidity and in order to provide prompt treatment. We report a case of a 25- year-old young male who was a bodybuilder and reported to the gym after a one-year-long break due to lockdown restrictions of COVID19. After a vigorous exercise session, he collapsed in the gym and was brought to the emergency department. After proper history taking and examination, he was suspected to be a case of ECAST due to a history of a similar episode three years back which was treated as a case of exertional syncope with intravenous fluid therapy and a family history of Sickle cell trait with his mother and father both having sickle cell AS Pattern. Ultimately our patient turned out to be a case of Sickle Cell Trait with evidence of AS pattern on Hb electrophoresis and a small-sized spleen visualized on CT Scan of the abdomen. The patient was managed successfully with intravenous fluids and blood transfusion and was discharged in a stable condition. He was counseled about moderating his exercise and is doing well on follow-up.

scholarly journals PfEMP1-specific IgG reactivity among Beninese pregnant women with sickle cell trait

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lopez-Perez ◽  
Firmine Viwami ◽  
Zakaria Seidu ◽  
Anja T R Jensen ◽  
Justin Doritchamou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Infected Erythrocyte ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Placental Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Malaria Exposure ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background Sickle cell trait (HbAS) protects against severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but not against placental malaria (PM). In this study, PfEMP1-specific antibodies were measured in HbAA and HbAS Beninese pregnant women as a proxy of exposure to specific PfEMP1 variants. Methods Plasma samples collected at delivery from 338 HbAA and 63 HbAS women were used to measure IgG levels to six recombinant PfEMP1 proteins and three corresponding native proteins expressed on the infected erythrocyte (IE) surface. IgG-mediated inhibition of VAR2CSA + IEs adhesion to CSA was also tested. Results Levels of PfEMP1-specific IgG were similar in the two groups, except for native IT4VAR09 on IEs, where IgG levels were significantly higher in HbAS women. Adjusted odds ratios for women with positive IgG to HB3VAR06 and PFD1235w suggest a lower risk of infection with these virulent variants among HbAS individuals. The percentage of IEs binding to CSA did not differ between HbAA and HbAS women, but correlated positively with levels of anti-VAR2CSA and parity. Women with PM had lower levels of anti-VAR2CSA-specific IgG and lower IgG-mediated inhibition of IE adhesion to CSA. Conclusions The findings support similar malaria exposure in HbAA and HbAS women and a lack of HbAS-dependent protection against placental infection among pregnant women.

P357 Perinatal and maternal outcomes in pregnant women with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. S516-S516
Author(s):  
K. Tosta ◽  
R. Nomura ◽  
A. Igai ◽  
G. Fonseca ◽  
S. Gualandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Maternal Outcomes ◽  
Cell Disease

scholarly journals The current state of sickle cell trait: implications for reproductive and genetic counseling

Hematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-481
Author(s):  
Lydia H. Pecker ◽  
Rakhi P. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproductive Counseling

Abstract Sickle cell trait (SCT) is unique among the carrier states that are identified during newborn screening. Unlike other heterozygous states for rare recessive diseases, SCT is exceedingly prevalent throughout regions of the world, making sickle cell disease one of the most common monogenetic diseases worldwide. Because of this high frequency, reproductive counseling is of paramount importance. In addition, unlike other carrier states, SCT seems to be a risk factor for several clinical complications, such as extreme exertional injury, chronic kidney disease, and venous thromboembolism. Increasing knowledge about these clinical outcomes can help inform genetic counseling recommendations. Expanding research and clinical efforts are needed to ensure that the promises of modern and precision medicine can be delivered to the millions of SCT carriers and their children.

scholarly journals Screening on prenatal infections in the South and Southwest macro-regions in the State of Bahia, Brazil: detected on paper filter

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-690
Author(s):  
Simone Andrade Porto São Pedro ◽  
Carlos Alberto Lima da Silva ◽  
Mônica Cardozo Rebouças ◽  
Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
The State ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The South ◽  
Prenatal Infections ◽  
Paper Filter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Abstract Objectives: to estimate the detection rate on prenatal screening pathologies on paper filter in the South and Southwest in the State of Bahia, as well as to delineate the epidemiological profile of these pregnant women, calculate and estimate the rate of adherence and the coverage of the Program. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out from August 2013 to August 2015, and the data were obtained from the Labimuno/ICS/UFBA. Results: 64,743 pregnant women were included; the mean ages were 25 years for the Southwest macro-region and 23 for the South. The results on the screening tests showed positivity of 0.13% and 0.29% for HBsAg, 0.17% and 0.22% for cytomegalovirus, 0.07% and 0.09% for HCV, 0.13% and 0.38% for HTLV, 0.04% and 0.19% for HIV, 1.2% and 2.84% for syphilis, and 0.54% and 0.73% for toxoplasmosis in the Southwest and South macro-regions, respectively. The estimates on coverage were considered satisfactory. Sickle cell anemia showed positivity of 0.02% and of 0.04% and 5% and 6.3% presented sickle cell trait in the Southwest and South macro-regions, respectively. Conclusions: the frequencies of infections in maternal-fetal health were considered low, highlighting on syphilis and the presence for sickle cell trait.

scholarly journals The current state of sickle cell trait: implications for reproductive and genetic counseling

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (22) ◽  
pp. 2331-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia H. Pecker ◽  
Rakhi P. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Genetic Counseling ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Reproductive Counseling

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is unique among the carrier states that are identified during newborn screening. Unlike other heterozygous states for rare recessive diseases, SCT is exceedingly prevalent throughout regions of the world, making sickle cell disease one of the most common monogenetic diseases worldwide. Because of this high frequency, reproductive counseling is of paramount importance. In addition, unlike other carrier states, SCT seems to be a risk factor for several clinical complications, such as extreme exertional injury, chronic kidney disease, and venous thromboembolism. Increasing knowledge about these clinical outcomes can help inform genetic counseling recommendations. Expanding research and clinical efforts are needed to ensure that the promises of modern and precision medicine can be delivered to the millions of SCT carriers and their children.

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