scholarly journals Исследование взаимодействия ледовых полей с неподвижной преградой

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.K. Goncharov ◽  
V.A. Pyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Water Resistance ◽  
Compression Fracture ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Technical Solutions

В статье изложены результаты исследования механизмов взаимодействия дрейфующих ледовых полей с неподвижной преградой, моделирующей опору или корпус (основание) стационарной ледостойкой платформы. Задача решалась в статической постановке, то есть рассматривалось воздействие на преграду неподвижного ледового поля, на которое, в свою очередь, воздействуют ветер и течения, свойственные шельфовым акваториям Арктических морей. Воздействие ветра и течений на ледовое поле параметризуется трением воздушного потока и водной массы о верхнюю и нижнюю поверхности ледового поля. Для оценки сил трения используются методы теории корабля, разработанные для расчета сопротивления воды движению судов. В работе построены аналитические зависимости для оценки давления ледовых полей на преграду и оценены условия разрушения льда при сжатии в зависимости от размеров ледового поля, скорости ветра, глубины акватории и высоты прилива. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы при поиске технических решений для снижения объемов нагромождения льда у стационарных ледостойких платформ.Paper presents results of the drifting ice fields interaction with stationary barrier investigations that models a leg or hull of a stationary ice-resistant platform. Problem was solved in static setting that is consideration the unmovable ice field impact on the barrier under action the winds and currents that are typical for the Arctic shelf water areas. The impacts of wind and currents on the ice field were parameterized by the friction of the air flow and the water current on the upper or lower surface of the ice field accordingly. To evaluate the wind and current friction forces known methods of the naval architecture developed for the water resistance of ships hull computing were applied. The analytical dependencies for evaluation of the ice fields pressure on the fixed barrier were developed that were the basement to estimate the conditions for the ice field compression fracture in dependence on the ice field sizes, wind speed, depth of water area and tidal height. Obtained outcomes can be applied for development technical solutions to reduce the volume of ice pile-up at stationary ice-resistant platforms.

scholarly journals Development of Northern Sea Route: Prospects for International Cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Kirgizov-Barskii
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Transportation Route ◽  
Modern Technologies

Today due to global climate change the Northern Sea Route is being formed along the northern coast of Russia as a new international maritime passage in the Arctic. Due to the rapid increase in the interest of regional and non-Arctic states, the scientific community and business to this transportation route, there is a need to study the prospects for cooperation between Russia and other countries on the development of the Northern Sea Route. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the interests of external players in the NSR area, taking into account the latest changes and events, while the author uses swot-analysis and a comparative analytical approach to conduct the study. The results of the study have shown that cooperation with some Arctic countries on the development of the NSR could bring mutual benefits: Canada and Russia would exchange experience on the development of similar sea routes, and Norway and Iceland would receive advantages as hubs on new routes. Non-regional countries, such as China, South Korea, Japan, Singapore and India, are interested in the NSR. For them, the Northern Sea Route is potentially shorter and safer compared to traditional routes, and it also allows to participate in projects located near its water area in science, energy and transport sectors. In turn, the participation of foreign partners is important for Russia, since it is usually accompanied by the active use of the route, the creation of large projects throughout its entire length, the attraction of serious funds, modern technologies and knowledge to the Arctic zone of the country.

Changes in phytoplankton concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Lewis ◽  
G. L. van Dijken ◽  
K. R. Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Historically, sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean has promoted increased phytoplankton primary production because of the greater open water area and a longer growing season. However, debate remains about whether primary production will continue to rise should sea ice decline further. Using an ocean color algorithm parameterized for the Arctic Ocean, we show that primary production increased by 57% between 1998 and 2018. Surprisingly, whereas increases were due to widespread sea ice loss during the first decade, the subsequent rise in primary production was driven primarily by increased phytoplankton biomass, which was likely sustained by an influx of new nutrients. This suggests a future Arctic Ocean that can support higher trophic-level production and additional carbon export.

Laboratory Testing of a Flexible Boom for Ice Management

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lo̸set ◽  
G. W. Timco
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Broken Ice ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Force Components

Combatting oil spills in the Arctic is a major challenge. Drilling or producing oil or gas in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) may allow booms to be deployed upstream of an offshore structure to clear the water of ice, thereby enabling conventional oil spill countermeasures to be used. Such a boom would be kept in place by two ice-going service vessels or by moored buoys. SINTEF NHL and NRC have performed a number of small-scale tests with a flexible boom in the NRC ice basin in Ottawa. The purpose of the tests was to measure the effectiveness of using a flexible boom for collecting ice, and to determine the loads associated with collecting the ice. In the tests, various boom configurations were towed against a broken ice field consisting of ice pieces typically 50–100 mm across and 30 mm thick. The ice concentration was usually 10/10, but it was reduced to 8/10 and 5/10 for two tests. The boom was towed at speeds of 20 and 50 mm-s−1. Both the width of the boom and the slackness of the boom were varied over reasonable ranges. Two six-component dynamometers were used to support the boom. Thus, the force components on each end of the boom were measured. Further, two video cameras were used to record the effectiveness of each boom configuration. In this paper, the full results of this test program are presented and the application of the test results to the full-scale situation are discussed. The tests show that, under certain conditions, the use of boom is feasible for ice management in oil-contaminated water.

scholarly journals Bucket working bodies with conveyor bottom: systematics and design features

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Lyashenko ◽  
E. A. Revyakina ◽  
A. Yu. Lyashenko
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Technical Solutions

Introduction. The creation of new types of bucket working bodies of excavators through synthesizing technical solutions to improve the transporting functions of the bottom is considered. These solutions are based on reducing the resistance and energy consumption under digging-in and scooping due to the transition from sliding friction to rolling friction during the movement of the rock mass along the bottom of the bucket.Materials and Methods. Analysis of the bulk materials handling processes using existing loading appliances identified design flaws that affect the efficiency of their operation. Advanced design diagrams of loading bodies were searched on the basis of the accumulated experience and the study of the morphological features of the existing equipment. Combinatorial analysis of possible combinations of elements with their various qualitative compositions, mutual arrangement, imposed links, and synthesis of new technical solutions for loading and transportation modules are carried out. Results. The results of the morphological synthesis implementation were the systematization and development of designs of bucket working bodies with a bottom in the form of a roller surface and a closed belt, as well as with a conveyor-type drive mechanism. The application of rollers as a supporting surface of a loaded rock mass causes a decrease in friction forces and in the power capacity of the work process. In addition, rotating rollers provide uniform abrasion of the working surface, which increases significantly the time to the equipment breakdown and increases the process efficiency. Working bodies with a drive mechanism make it possible to activate the interaction of the conveyor bottom in the form of a closed belt with the rock mass and, as a result, to accelerate the process of filling the bucket container.Discussion and Conclusions. The bucket working bodies described in the paper compare favorably with existing analogues in that they provide a reduction in the time to digging-in, scooping and unloading, a decrease in specific energy consumption, an increase in bucket filling, which ultimately contributes to an increase in productivity. A slight increase in the structural complexity and cost of the working body causes additional capital costs, which are paid back within two to four months.

scholarly journals The Way of Transportation of the Solid Natural Resources to the Water Area Surface of the Arctic Shelf

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Victor Å. Kislyakov ◽  
◽  
Dmitry À. Lakin ◽  
Irina À. Baranova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Arctic Shelf ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Way

scholarly journals The exploration of wave processes in the Arctics geological layers in the presence of the ice field.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Polina V. Stogniy ◽  
◽  
Igor B. Petrov ◽  
Nikolay I. Khokhlov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Shelf Zone ◽  
Wave Processes ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Problem Description ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
2D Model

The Arctic shelf zone is a very important region in our country due to the huge amounts of hydrocarbons, located there. The exploration of this region is difficult because of the presence of lots of various ice constructions, in particular, ice fields. While carrying out the seismic prospecting works, the reflected waves from the ice field contribute much to the seismograms. It sufficiently complicates the process of further interpretation of the seismograms. Only a few works are devoted to modelling the seismic waves spread through the geological layers of the Arctics in the presence of an ice field as this theme is rather new and needs deeper investigation. In this work we present the results of the investigation of the seismic waves spread in models with an ice field for the 3D case using the grid-characteristic method. The modelling results (wave fields of the velocity distribution and seismograms) allow to identify the reflected waves from the ice field from other waves. In addition, we carried out the comparative analysis of the wave fields and seismograms for the 2D model with an ice field on the surface of the calculated area for the problem description from the work of other authors. The results demonstrate a good qualitative coincidence under different approaches to the solution of the problem.

scholarly journals Economics and politics of “old confrontation” in the New Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Asja A. Shchegol'kova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Strategic Space ◽  
Arctic Policy ◽  
Economics And Politics

The modern Arctic is becoming the strategic space and area of competition of many powers, the arena of political confrontations between Arctic and non-Arctic states. Arctic research has moved from the sphere of science to the sphere of geopolitics and geoeconomics and is of strategic importance in the system of national security. Climatic fluctuations in the Arctic have increased the availability of hydrocarbon, biological and other resources, and improved ice conditions in the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The study analyzes the Arctic policy of Western European and North American countries in the conditions of the “New Arctic”. An overview of strategic documents on ensuring the spatial development.

From Egg-Code to Actual Ice Field Flow Definition

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange van der Werff ◽  
Clemens van der Nat ◽  
Ed Wiersema ◽  
Gus Cammaert ◽  
Wim Jolles
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Ice Particles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Ice Field ◽  
Ice Floes

The Arctic Operations Handbook JIP [1] is an initiative of the Dutch offshore industry to investigate available existing standards and guidelines related to typical offshore contractor operations in Arctic conditions. The JIP identified that guidelines are required for the evaluation of the flow of ice around floating structures, and eventually to predict the resulting ice loads as input to workability studies. A pilot study called IceStream was set up as a first step towards developing guides and tools for ice flow behaviour prediction. This paper describes ice field definition and visualization as conducted within this pilot project. In the process of developing guides and tools, the objective of IceStream is to obtain a description of the geometry of an ice field, similar to open water conditions. These definitions, indicating the severity of the conditions, are needed as a basis for the determination of operational limits, and serve as an input for numerical prediction models. The ‘egg-code’ [2] principle is identified to be a good starting point when focussing on level ice, as it contains a limited but sufficient number of parameters to indicate the ice field characteristics. The applicability of the egg-code in numerical modelling is demonstrated by the development of an algorithm which translates egg-code parameters together with floe size distribution parameters into an ice field visualisation that complies with these parameters. The floe size distribution parameters are established from field observation studies. The ice field is defined by a set of ice particles, each particle represented by its area and ice thickness. Other properties (such as bending and crushing strength) can be assigned to the ice particles as well. Based on the ice field definition, Voronoi Treemapping is used to visualize the ice field. An additional parameter in this treemapping is required to indicate the distribution of ice floes over the domain (or ice cluster formation). Sea ice fields with any ice concentration between open water and 10/10th can be generated in this way. The result is an ice field consisting of random shaped (convex) ice particles with individual properties that comply with the given egg-code. The generated set of ice floes has shown to be a suitable input in the numerical modelling of an ice field approaching a floating structure.

Integrated approach to information support of navigation in the Arctic zone of the RF based on modern radar and navigation technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Skosyrev ◽  
R.O. Stepanov ◽  
N.A. Golov ◽  
V.P. Savchenko ◽  
V.A. Usachev
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Information Support ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Solutions

The existing radar and radio navigation facilities sometimes do not satisfy the increased requirements for the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of information support for navigation in the organization of movement in the rough waters of the Arctic region in difficult climatic and meteorological conditions. This article offers a comprehensive approach to the information support of navigation based on technical solutions that significantly increase the capabilities of navigation tools in the rough waters of the Arctic zone. The proposed approach to the creation of fundamentally new high-precision information tools for solving a wide range of new tasks in the Arctic zone based on radar provides a higher class of accuracy and functionality compared to those currently used. The technical requirements for radar facilities are defined and the use of a new generation of highly informative multifunctional coastal radars in combination with new mobile pilotage terminals is proposed. The application of the proposed technical solutions and the principles of building navigation systems will significantly increase the safety and efficiency of navigation in waters with increased complexity of navigation organization. The proposed approaches will ensure the solution of the such tasks as: monitoring of air, surface and ground space, local navigation system for safe navigation of ships, helicopter flight, landing of helicopters on offshore drilling platforms and ground airfields, mooring of vessels to drilling platforms and terminal berths. It also support monitoring and dispatching of ship traffic in ports and the area of responsibility of terminals, including monitoring the position of ships at anchorage. Will be sufficient simplify high-precision operational assessment of the ice situation and the weather in the radar area of responsibility, protection of offshore drilling platforms and territories of onshore terminals, information support of means of protection against potential terrorist threats.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document