scholarly journals Implementation of the general principles of creating an information environment for the maintenance and repair of ship mechanisms in the Electronic Product Passport

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Е.Г. Бурмистров ◽  
Е.А. Давыдов ◽  
А.Б. Корнев ◽  
Е.П. Роннов
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Electronic Product ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Passport Data ◽  
General Data ◽  
Main Components

В статье рассматриваются принципы формирования информационной среды обслуживания судовых механизмов. Показывается перспективность разработки для этих целей и ведения с актуализацией на всех основных этапах жизненного цикла изделия его Электронного паспорта. Обосновывается структура паспорта, включающая три основных составляющих: 1. Состояние изделия; 2. Эксплуатационный журнал; 3. История изделия и структура обслуживающей такой паспорт базы знаний, включающей в свою очередь следующие основные группы данных: 1) общие данные; 2) данные для принятия решений на этапе ремонта; 3) критерии для принятия решений на этапе эксплуатации; 4) регламенты. Отмечается, что обеспечение действительности данных Электронного паспорта должен осуществляться через единый Регистрационный центр, функции которого сводятся к проверке наличия регистрационных данных и их целостности, хранению последних действительных копий электронных паспортов изделий и хранению данных о этих паспортах. The article deals with the principles of formation of the information environment for the maintenance of ship mechanisms. the prospects of development for these purposes and maintenance with updating at all main stages of the product life cycle of its electronic passport are shown. The structure of the passport, which includes three main components, is justified: 1. Product status; 2. Operational log; 3. Product history and structure of the knowledge base serving such a passport, which in turn includes the following main data groups: 1) general data; 2) data for decision-making at the repair stage; 3) criteria for decision-making at the operational stage; 4) regulations. It is noted that ensuring the validity of Electronic Passport data should be carried out through a single Registration Center, whose functions are limited to checking the availability of registration data and their integrity, storing the latest valid copies of electronic product passports and storing data on these passports.

scholarly journals Application of MCDM in the Earlier Stages of the PDP

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto Lobo ◽  
Anderson Luis Szejka ◽  
Eduardo Rocha Loures ◽  
Osiris Canciglieri Junior
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
New Products ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
Main Components

The market demands have pushed the industries to create products to be more innovative and with less time to launch. This situation pressures the entire product life cycle, from its design and manufacturing to the delivery to the market, requiring greater speed and precision in each of these phases. The first stage of the cycle affected by this trend is the development of new products, an interactive, complex engineering and decision-making process. In this sense, it is necessary to know the main agents and actors involved in this process of developing new products and how they interact with each other so that, with this understanding, it is possible to determine the main uncertainties to be mitigated within the earlier stages and avoid potential risk for the subsequent phases of the PDP. By using the PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and GAIA (Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid) methods, this paper proposes a comparative model selecting the main components of the product development process, indicating how the interaction between them may minimize the uncertainties in the earlier stages of the PDP.

scholarly journals Legal and Technical Feasibility of the GDPR’s Quest for Explanation of Algorithmic Decisions: of Black Boxes, White Boxes and Fata Morganas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja BRKAN ◽  
Grégory BONNET
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Understanding of the causes and correlations for algorithmic decisions is currently one of the major challenges of computer science, addressed under an umbrella term “explainable AI (XAI)”. Being able to explain an AI-based system may help to make algorithmic decisions more satisfying and acceptable, to better control and update AI-based systems in case of failure, to build more accurate models, and to discover new knowledge directly or indirectly. On the legal side, the question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides data subjects with the right to explanation in case of automated decision-making has equally been the subject of a heated doctrinal debate. While arguing that the right to explanation in the GDPR should be a result of interpretative analysis of several GDPR provisions jointly, the authors move this debate forward by discussing the technical and legal feasibility of the explanation of algorithmic decisions. Legal limits, in particular the secrecy of algorithms, as well as technical obstacles could potentially obstruct the practical implementation of this right. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the authors explore not only whether it is possible to translate the EU legal requirements for an explanation into the actual machine learning decision-making, but also whether those limitations can shape the way the legal right is used in practice.

scholarly journals Practical considerations for creating a strategic and proactive clinical safety and pharmacovigilance organization for the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Magnus Nord ◽  
Magnus Ysander ◽  
Tim Sullivan ◽  
Mayur Patel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Operating Model ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Patent Expiry ◽  
Multiple Challenges ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Future Business

OBJECTIVE: In 2012, Patient Safety (PS) in AstraZeneca was facing a situation with multiple challenges, scientifically and structurally. To meet these and support AstraZeneca’s ambition to return to growth after years of patent expiry, we undertook a project to fundamentally revisit ways of working to create an organisation set up to provide strategic safety in support of drug project decision-making. METHOD: In this paper, we describe the challenges we faced, the project to deliver changes to respond to them, and the methodology used. The project had two main components: creating a new operating model and simplifying the procedural framework. RESULTS: It was delivered in a focused effort by internal PS resources with cross-functional input. The framework simplification resulted in a 71% reduction in procedural documents and a survey of PS staff revealed an increase in satisfaction of 10%–20% across all scores. CONCLUSIONS: With >3 years of observation time, this project has provided AstraZeneca with a PS organisation able to provide strategic safety, supporting successful portfolio delivery, while ensuring patient safety and maintaining compliance with global pharmacovigilance regulations. It has driven efficiency and set the foundation for continued organisational evolution to meet future business needs in an everchanging environment.

IDENTIFICATION OF DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM PARAMETERS FOR AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Andrey Mastislavovich Korneev ◽  
Andrey Alexandrovich Strukov ◽  
Tamara Vladimirovna Lavrukhina ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Decision Making System

A Multilayer Taxonomy of Cost Estimation Techniques, Looking at the Whole Product Lifecycle

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Altavilla ◽  
Francesca Montagna ◽  
Marco Cantamessa
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Decision Making Tool

Product cost estimation (PCE) still draws the attention of researchers and practitioners, even though it has been extensively discussed in the literature for more than 20 years. This is due to its central impact on the company's performance. Nowadays, the adoption of cost estimation methods seems to be limited, despite the multitude of examples and applications available. A possible reason is the multitude of approaches and techniques proposed in the literature, which, instead of representing a guide for enabling possible implementations, actually create confusion and ambiguity on their appropriateness for a particular application. Hence, this paper aims to provide a systematic review of the recent literature in the field of PCE, and intensively investigates the aspects that can enable a more conscious decision on the type of technique to be adopted. This results in the identification of five different perspectives, which can be taken simultaneously into account. By combining the different viewpoints, a new multilayer framework is derived, with a specific focus on the whole product life cycle. The proposed framework can be used as a decision-making tool by both researchers and practitioners. In fact, the former group can benefit from the new structure, as a way to identify new areas of possible research opportunities. The latter group is provided an operative guide for the application in industrial contexts.

A Technoethical Study of Ethical Hacking Communication and Management Within a Canadian University

2018 ◽  
pp. 307-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Abu-Shaqra ◽  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Security Awareness Training ◽  
Security Risk Management ◽  
Decision Making Model

Ethical hacking is an important information security risk management strategy within higher education applied against the growing threat of hacking attacks. Confusion regarding the meaning and ethics of ethical hacking within broader society and which resonates within organizations undermines information security. Confusion within organizations increases unpredictably (equivocality) in the information environment, which raises risk level. Taking a qualitative exploratory case study approach, this chapter pairs technoethical inquiry theory with Karl Weick's sensemaking model to explore the meanings, ethics, uses and practices, and value of ethical hacking in a Canadian university and applies technoethical inquiry decision-making grid (TEI-DMG) as an ethical decision-making model. Findings point to the need to expand the communicative and sociocultural considerations involved in decision making about ethical hacking organizational practices, and to security awareness training to leverage sensemaking opportunities and reduce equivocality in the information environment.

scholarly journals Risky Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method Based on the Interval Number of Normal Distribution

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Sha Fu ◽  
Xi-Long Qu ◽  
Ye-Zhi Xiao ◽  
Hang-Jun Zhou ◽  
Guo-Bing Fan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Interval Number ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Standard Normal Distribution ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Possibility Degree ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making

Focusing on risky decision-making problems taking the interval number of normal distribution as the information environment, this paper proposes a decision-making method based on the interval number of normal distribution. Firstly, the normalized matrix based on the decision maker’s attitude is obtained through analysis and calculation. Secondly, according to the existing properties of standard normal distribution, the risk preference factors of the decision makers are considered to confirm the possibility degree of each scheme. The possibility degree is then used for establishing a possibility degree matrix and, consequently, sequencing of all schemes is conducted according to existing theories of possibility degree meaning and the value size of possibility degree. Finally, the feasibility and validity of this method is verified through calculation example analysis.

Decision Method of Optimal Investment Enterprise Selection under Uncertain Information Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Liao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Uncertain Information ◽  
Fuzzy Information ◽  
Selection Decision ◽  
Deviation Degree ◽  
Grey Number ◽  
Decision Making Model

To select an optimal investment enterprise is the key to effectively reduce the investment risk for an investment company. In this paper, the author studies the problem of optimal investment enterprise selection decision under uncertain information environment (fuzzy information and grey information coexist), and present a fuzzy grey multi-attribute group decision making model to select the optimal investment enterprise. In this model, the author defines the concept and operations of fuzzy grey number, and present a ranking method based on fuzzy grey deviation degree to rank the alternative investment enterprises. The author also gives an application example of selecting optimal investment enterprise to highlight the implementation, availability, and feasibility of the proposed decision making model.

Toward a Method for Improving Product Architecture Solutions by Integrating Designs for Assembly, Disassembly and Maintenance

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Dagman ◽  
Rikard Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Product Architecture ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Maintenance And Repair

New customer demands and increased legislation drive business-oriented companies into new business models focusing on the entire life cycle of the product. This forces the manufacturing companies into service-oriented solutions as a compliment to the original business areas. Takata [1] postulates that “the goal is no longer to produce products in an efficient way, but rather to provide the functions needed by society while minimizing material and energy consumption”. This new situation affects the product requirements as well as product development process (PD). When focusing on the entire product life cycle, product aspects such as maintenance and repair will receive more attention since the companies will be responsible for them. In the product development process of today, especially in the automotive industry, maintenance and repair aspects (repair and maintenance methods and manuals, for example) are currently taken care of when the product is more or less fully developed. Maintenance and repair requirements are difficult to quantify in terms of core product properties (for vehicles, cost, CO2 emissions, weight, and so on). This leads to difficulties in equally considering maintenance and repair requirements while balancing vast amounts of product requirements. This paper focuses on a comparison and discussion of existing design guidelines affecting the structure and organization of parts in an assembled consumer product, such as Design for Assembly (DFA), Design for Maintenance (DFMa), Design for Service (DFS) and Design for Disassembly (DFD) methods. A tool for evaluation and analyzing product architecture as well as assemblability and maintainability is proposed.

A Strategic Idea Generation Method for Eco-Business Planning

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Kondoh ◽  
Nozomu Mishima
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Life Cycle Design

Environmental consciousness has gained increasing interest in recent years, and product life cycle design that aims to maximize total value while minimizing environmental load and costs should be implemented. To achieve that, the processes of idea generation and decision-making for eco-business strategies, as well as the design of a target product and its life cycle options, should be systematically supported. This paper proposes a strategic decision-making method for eco-business planning so that a designer can easily find a set of eco-business ideas that effectively improve environmental and economic performance simultaneously. A decision-making procedure based on this method is also illustrated with a simplified example of a laptop computer business.

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