scholarly journals Assessment of solar energy potential at the facilities of the port of Kaliningrad

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
М.С. Харитонов ◽  
Д.К. Кугучева
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Intensive Growth

В настоящее время из-за интенсивного роста морской торговли наблюдается тенденция развития морских портов. Прибрежные территории и районы расположения порта становятся источниками загрязнения, а техногенное воздействие на окружающую среду и возникающие при этом неблагоприятные воздействия на природную обстановку оказывают негативное влияние на среду обитания человека. Для снижения негативных воздействий на окружающую среду необходимо замещение ископаемых видов топлива возобновляемыми источниками энергии. Сегодня одним из перспективных направлений развития и совершенствования систем электроснабжения является применение фотоэлектрических панелей, благодаря которым можно достичь целей по обеспечению экологической безопасности морской среды. В статье описана методика аналитической оценки солнечного потенциала. На примере Калининградского морского торгового порта дана точная оценка количества поступающей солнечной радиации на поверхность фотоэлектрических панелей, проведен расчет эффективности применения различных способов установки фотоэлектрических панелей на территории порта и определены перспективы использования фотоэлектрических панелей с различными способами установки в качестве дополнительных источников генерации. Currently, due to the intensive growth of maritime trade, there is a tendency for the development of seaports. Coastal territories and port areas become sources of pollution, and man-made impacts on the environment and the resulting adverse impacts on the natural environment have a negative impact on the human environment. To reduce the negative impact on the environment, it is necessary to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. Today, one of the promising directions for the development and improvement of power supply systems is the use of photovoltaic panels, thanks to which it is possible to achieve the goals of ensuring the ecological safety of the marine environment. The article describes a technique for analytical assessment of solar potential. Using the example of the Kaliningrad Commercial Sea Port, an accurate assessment of the amount of incoming solar radiation on the surface of photovoltaic panels is given, the effectiveness of using various methods of installing photovoltaic panels on the port territory is calculated, and the prospects for using photovoltaic panels with various installation methods as additional sources of generation are determined.

scholarly journals Impact of Crystallography on Design of Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C20-C20
Author(s):  
Evgeny Antipov ◽  
Nellie Khasanova
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Li Ion

Ninety percent of the energy produced today come from fossil fuels, making dramatically negative impact on our future due to rapid consumption of these energy sources, ecological damage and climate change. This justifies development of the renewable energy sources and concurrently efficient large storage devices capable to replace fossil fuels. Li-ion batteries have originally been developed for portable electronic devices, but nowadays new application niches are envisaged in electric vehicles and stationary energy storages. However, to satisfy the needs of these rapidly growing applications, Li-ion batteries require further significant improvement of their properties: capacity and power, cyclability, safety and cost. Cathode is the key part of the Li-ion batteries largely determining their performance. Severe requirements are imposed on a cathode material, which should provide fast reversible intercalation of Li-ions at redox potential close to the upper boundary of electrolyte stability window, possess relatively low molecular weight and exhibit small volume variation upon changing Li-concentration. First generation of the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries based on the spinel (LiM2O4, M – transition metal) or rock-salt derivatives (LiMO2) has already been widely commercialised. However, the potential to further improve the performance of these materials is almost exhausted. The compounds, containing lithium and transition metal cations together with different polyanions (XmOn)p- (X=B, P, S, Si), are now considered as the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of the Li-ion batteries. Covalently-bonded structural frameworks in these compounds offer long-term structural stability, which is essential for good cyclability and safety. Further advantages are expected from combining different anions (such as (XO4)p- and F- ) in the anion sublattice, with the hope to enhance the specific energy and power of these materials. Various fluoride-phosphates and fluoride-sulphates have been recently discovered, and some of them exhibit attractive electrochemical performance. An overview of the research on the cathode materials for the Li-ion batteries will be presented with special emphasis on crystallography as a guide towards improved properties important for practical applications.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN GRASSLAND ANIMAL FARMING

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
O.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
S.V. Solovyev ◽  
Ye.A. Tikhonov ◽  
T.N. Karaseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Animal Farming

The formation of a promising technology of cattle man-agement under pasture conditions in the absence of sta-tionary power supply is an urgent task. Livestock facilities are an integral part in providing the population with essen-tial food products. At the same time, it is associated with the need for significant expenditures on providing material and technical resources. This applies primarily to electricity costs, since all the most important means of mechanization are electric driven. In the process of keeping animals, es-pecially under pasture conditions, the unstable state of the fuel and energy complex which consists in supply failures of electric and thermal energy to farms, has a negative impact on production processes. Therefore, the direction of development of grassland animal farming is the transfer of all energy supply technologies to non-traditional and re-newable sources. It is planned to simultaneously use the power of the sun, wind, biopower and power of small rivers, that is, sources that are mainly typical of pastures. The maximum energy load is assigned to biopower. It is known that a bioplant has a unique opportunity within the frame-work of an animal production unit to provide it with a certain necessary set of energy resources as well as high-quality fertilizers. In grassland animal farming, the absolute posi-tive property of wind is its renewability and environmental friendliness; in particular, our country has the highest wind energy potential in the world. Non-traditional energy sources for grassland animal farming conditions are identi-fied and substantiated. The sources are designed for pow-er supply of the entire complex of technological equipment at its maximum load.

scholarly journals Efficient Methods of Market Pricing in Power Industry within the Context of System Integration of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Lisin ◽  
Galina Kurdiukova ◽  
Pavel Okley ◽  
Veronika Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Supply Systems

Currently, the majority of world economies (even those located in the sunbelt (+/− 35 degrees of latitude with good sunshine with low seasonality) uses various types of fossil fuels as the main source of energy for their economies. However, this represents a very volatile and unsustainable strategy, since according to various estimates, the fossil fuel era will inevitably end as all carbon fuels are going to be spent in the next few centuries. Unlike traditional energy, renewable energy sources (RES) are not based on energy resources, but rather rely upon natural energy flows. With regard to its unique property, there has been an active construction of power plants of renewable energy and their gradual integration into national energy supply systems in recent decades. At the same time, the existing models of electricity markets were unprepared for their wide distribution. Hence, determination of the market value of energy generated by power plants using renewable energy sources becomes a particularly significant issue. This market value has to take into account the prevention of costs from the use of fossil fuels, as well as the resulting environmental benefits. Our paper proposes methods for solving this problem, contributing to the increase of economic efficiency of investment projects for the construction of renewable energy facilities and the formation of economic incentives for their propagation in energy supply systems. The proposed methods are based on the dynamic differentiation of tariffs for consumers with renewable energy sources depending on their structure of electricity consumption. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by calculating the cost of electricity for households located in the Krasnodar region using renewable energy sources. It is shown that this approach to the formation of tariffs for consumers allows the household to receive additional savings from the efficient use of energy installations on RES and energy storage devices in terms of alignment of the energy consumption schedule. This creates a significant incentive for households to use them and contributes to increasing the effectiveness of government renewable energy support programs, including by solving the acute problem of raising electricity tariffs from the grid.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BIOMASS UTILISATION IN THE IRON ORE SINTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Lina Kieush ◽  
Maksym Yaholnyk ◽  
Maksym Boyko ◽  
Andrii Koveria ◽  
Vladyslav Ihnatenko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Ore Sintering ◽  
Preliminary Preparation

Dominating globally and within Ukraine, the blast-furnace practice for iron production requires iron ore sintering preparation wherein the significant amount of fossil fuel is consumed, accompanied by harmful emissions into the environment. Pursuing the purpose to mitigate this negative impact, we address the promising direction of biomass utilisation for a partial replacement of fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. This paper considers the benefits of fossil fuels substitution with biomass, the world practice of biomass utilisation in iron ore sintering and the scope of the biomass energy potential in Ukraine. The study for obtaining sinters with the use of raw biomass fuels (sunflower husk, walnut shell) and charcoal has been carried out via lab-scale sintering pot. The influence of various biomaterials types on the process of iron ore sintering have been investigated and the obtained sinter quality in comparison with the conventional types of the fuels allows establishing the feasibility of replacing 25 % of coke breeze by charcoal or by walnut shell. The sunflower husk application is possible if preliminary preparation of the material for increasing bulk density is assumed to be carried out, for instance, by pressing.

scholarly journals Potencjał energetyczny biomasy roślinnej i możliwości wykorzystania do celów energetycznych

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops

The need to ensure energy security, decouple energy production from fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emission are driving the use of renewable energy sources. The purpose of the study is to assess the energy potential of agricultural crops biomass and to indicate its potential for electricity and heat production. The data from the Agricultural Census 2010 were used for analyses. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the changes in agricultural production in the years 2010-2015 the data has been updated. Is was assumed that the changes in communes were similar to those in voivodships. The energy potential of the crop biomass was estimated taking into account surpluses of straw, hay and perennial energy crops biomass. The study shows that energy potential of the biomass without jeopardizing food production amounts at 305,8 thousand TJ per year.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BIOMASS UTILISATION IN THE IRON ORE SINTERING

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Kieush ◽  
Maksym Yaholnyk ◽  
Maksym Boyko ◽  
Andrii Koveria ◽  
Vladyslav Ihnatenko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Iron Ore Sintering ◽  
Ore Sintering ◽  
Preliminary Preparation

<p class="AMSmaintext">Dominating globally and within Ukraine, the blast-furnace practice for iron production requires iron ore sintering preparation wherein the significant amount of fossil fuel is consumed, accompanied by harmful emissions into the environment. Pursuing the purpose to mitigate this negative impact, we address the promising direction of biomass utilisation for a partial replacement of fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. This paper considers the benefits of fossil fuels substitution with biomass, the world practice of biomass utilisation in iron ore sintering and the scope of the biomass energy potential in Ukraine. The study for obtaining sinters with the use of raw biomass fuels (sunflower husk, walnut shell) and charcoal has been carried out via lab-scale sintering pot. The influence of various biomaterials types on the process of iron ore sintering have been investigated and the obtained sinter quality in comparison with the conventional types of the fuels allows establishing the feasibility of replacing 25 % of coke breeze by charcoal or by walnut shell. The sunflower husk application is possible if preliminary preparation of the material for increasing bulk density is assumed to be carried out, for instance, by pressing.</p>

scholarly journals Risks of switching to renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
E.S. Romanova ◽  
A.A. Masalkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

This research work is devoted to the issue of studying the key risks of switching to renewable energy sources. The relevance of the topic of work is determined by the fact that, according to climatologists [5], climate change, which has a negative impact on the environment, is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). For this reason, measures to prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions are at the heart of the energy transition. International treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement lay the foundations for global action to combat climate change and implement a fourth energy transition. The energy transition is characterized by a number of incentives and barriers. Despite the fact that there are many scenarios for the development of the global energy sector by 2050, the expected transformations of the energy market lead to a significant redistribution of the ratio of the shares of hydrocarbon sources and renewable energy sources [16]. The trend towards fossil fuels is on the rise. These transformations in the market are determined not only by the climate agenda, but also by the concept of sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Impact of new power investments up to year 2020 on the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihnija Hasovic ◽  
Boris Cosic ◽  
Adisa Omerbegovic-Arapovic ◽  
Neven Duic
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Thermal Plant ◽  
Hydro Power Plants

This paper investigates current and planned investments in new power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina and impact of these investments on the energy sector, CO2 emission and internationally committed targets for electricity from renewable sources up to year 2020. Bosnia and Herzegovina possesses strong renewable energy potential, in particular hydro and biomass. However, the majority of energy production is conducted in outdated power plants and based on fossil fuels, resulting in environment pollution. New major investments The Stanari Thermal plant (300 MW) and the investment in Block 7 (450 MW) at the Thermal Plant Tuzla are again focused on fossil fuels. The power sector is also highly dependent on the hydrology as 54% of current capacities are based on large hydro power. In order to investigate how the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be affected by these investments and hydrology, the EnergyPLAN model was used. Based on the foreseen demand for year 2020 several power plants construction and hydrology scenarios have been modelled to cover a range of possibilities that may occur. This includes export orientation of Stanari plant, impact of wet, dry and average year, delayed construction of Tuzla Block 7, constrained construction of hydro power plants, and retirement of thermal units. It can be concluded that energy system can be significantly affected by delayed investments but in order to comply with renewables targets Bosnia and Herzegovina will need to explore the power production from other renewable energy sources as well.

scholarly journals Review of Control Techniques in Microinverters

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6486
Author(s):  
Diego Rojas ◽  
Javier Muñoz ◽  
Marco Rivera ◽  
Jaime Rohten
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Point Tracking

The use of renewable energies sources is taking great importance due to the high demand for electricity and the decrease in the use of fossil fuels worldwide. In this context, electricity generation through photovoltaic panels is gaining a lot of interest due to the reduction in installation costs and the rapid advance of the development of new technologies. To minimize or reduce the negative impact of partial shading or mismatches of photovoltaic panels, many researchers have proposed four configurations that depend on the power ranges and the application. The microinverter is a promising solution in photovoltaic systems, due to its high efficiency of Maximum Power Point Tracking and high flexibility. However, there are several challenges to improve microinverter’s reliability and conversion efficiency that depend on the proper control design and the power converter design. This paper presents a review of different control strategies in microinverters for different applications. The control strategies are described and compared based on stability, dynamic response, topologies, and control objectives. One of the most important results showed that there is little research regarding the stability and robustness analysis of the reviewed control strategies.

scholarly journals The Potential of Renewable Energy in Timor-Leste: An Assessment for Biomass

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lelis Gonzaga Fraga ◽  
José Carlos F. Teixeira ◽  
Manuel Eduardo C. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Urban Solid Waste

This paper assesses the potential of biomass energy resources in Timor-Leste (TL). Although other renewable energy sources are mentioned in this article, such as wind energy, solar energy, hydropower, bioenergy, including bioethanol and biogas, the main goal is to gather the data on biomass in TL and provide such data as useful information for a wide range of end-users. The current evaluation is based on various sources which include previous assessments on biomass and other renewable sources. The energy potential of biomass in TL apart that resulting from vegetation or flora and animals is also derived from agricultural waste, such as waste from rice, corn, and coffee. The analyses also include the contribution of agricultural waste, animal waste, and that from urban waste. The results from this article show that the potential of usable biomass energy in TL from forestry and agriculture is 1.68 × 106 toe/year, animal waste is 4.81 × 103 toe/year, and urban solid waste amounts to 9.55 × 103 toe/year. In addition, it is concluded that biomass alone can fully replace fossil fuels for electricity generation.

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