scholarly journals An Investigation of Exposure to the Eyes and Thyroid of Personnel Near to Patient in Abdominal Radiography: A Phantom Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Nur Damia Iwani Zulkiflee ◽  
Kamarul Amin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Cathode Region ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Multiplanar Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unnecessary Radiation

Abdominal radiography is beneficial in a variety of clinical situations. Prior to the introduction of multiplanar imaging, it was considered as the main examination for gastrointestinal pathology. However, the radiation dose received is considered high since it is equivalent to the dose of at least 75 chest radiographs. Personnel including staff or relatives may be required to assist patients in many conditions, increasing unnecessary radiation and the likelihood of radiation-induced cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the radiation dose received by personnel when eyes and thyroid are exposed during abdominal radiography. The Rando and body phantoms were used to represent personnel and patients in this experimental approach. The dose was measured as entrance surface dose (ESD) by using TLD-100, which was positioned at the Rando phantom's eyes and thyroid. The study included a total of twenty exposures, five times at each of four distinct sites. The mean doses (eyes/thyroid in mGy) were (0.083/0.081), (0.090/0.087), (0.093/0.092), and (0.092/0.089), respectively, at locations 1, 2, 3, and 4. The results indicated that there was no correlation between organ and location affecting ESD measurement (p=0.960). There was no significant difference in dose between the two organs (p=0.355), with the mean difference in the eyes being 0.002 more than in the thyroid. The proximity of the eyes to the tube source contributed for the increased dose observed at the eyes. Though ESD was substantial for location pairings 1 vs. 3 (p=0.001) and 1 vs. 4 (p=0.015) owing to the anode-cathode phenomena. In conclusion, personnel should avoid the tube source and cathode region, since they give a greater dose of radiation, particularly when the personnel are closest to the patient and does not have eyes or thyroid protection.

scholarly journals Determine Cumulative Radiation Dose and Lifetime Cancer Risk in Marfan Syndrome Patients Who Underwent Computed Tomography Angiography of the Aorta in Northeast Thailand: A 5-Year Retrospective Cohort Study

Tomography ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Narumol Chaosuwannakit ◽  
Phatraporn Aupongkaroon ◽  
Pattarapong Makarawate
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Surveillance Imaging ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Objective: To evaluate computed tomography angiography (CTA) data focusing on radiation dose parameters in Thais with Marfan syndrome (MFS) and estimate the distribution of cumulative radiation exposure from CTA surveillance and the risk of cancers. Methods: Between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2020, we retrospectively evaluated the cumulative CTA radiation doses of MFS patients who underwent CTA at Khon Kaen University Hospital, a leading teaching hospital and advanced tertiary care institution in northeastern Thailand. We utilized the Radiation Risk Assessment Tool (RadRAT) established at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, to evaluate the risk of cancer-related CTA radiation. Results: The study recruited 29 adult MFS patients who had CTA of the aorta during a 5-year study period with 89 CTA studies. The mean cumulative CTDI vol is 21.5 ± 14.68 mGy, mean cumulative DLP is 682.2 ± 466.7 mGy.cm, the mean baseline future risk for all cancer is 26,134 ± 7601 per 100,000, and the excess lifetime risk for all cancer is 2080.3 ± 1330 per 100,000. The excess lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancer associated with the CTA surveillance study is significantly lower than the risk of aortic dissection or rupture and lower than the baseline future cancer risk. Conclusions: We attempted to quantify the radiation-induced cancer risk from CTA surveillance imaging performed for MFS patients in this study, with all patients receiving a low-risk cumulative radiation dose (less than 1 Gy) and all patients having a low excessive lifetime risk of cancer as a result of CTA. The risk–benefit decision must be made at the point of care, and it entails balancing the benefits of surveillance imaging in anticipating rupture and providing practical, safe treatment, therefore avoiding morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals EPID-22. CHARACTERIZATION OF RADIATION-INDUCED MENINGIOMAS IN A BRAIN TUMOR DATABASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii83-ii83
Author(s):  
Nilan Vaghjiani ◽  
Andrew Schwieder ◽  
Sravya Uppalapati ◽  
Zachary Kons ◽  
Elizabeth Kazarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean

Abstract PURPOSE Radiation-induced meningiomas (RIMs) are associated with previous exposure to therapeutic irradiation. RIMs are rare and have not been well characterized relative to spontaneous meningiomas (SMs). METHODS 1003 patients with proven or presumed meningiomas were identified from the VCU brain tumor database. Chart review classified RIM patients and their characteristics. RESULTS Of the 1003 total patients, 76.47% were female with a mean ± SD age of 67.55 ± 15.50 years. 15 RIM patients were identified (66.67% female), with a mean ± SD age of 52.67 ± 15.46 years, 5 were African American and 10 were Caucasian. The incidence of RIMs was 1.49% in our data set. The mean age at diagnosis was 43.27 ± 15.06 years. The mean latency was 356.27 ± 116.96 months. The mean initiating dose was 44.28 ± 14.68 Gy. There was a significant difference between mean latency period and ethnicity, 258.3 months for African American population, and 405.2 months for Caucasian population (p = 0.003). There was a significant difference between the mean number of lesions in females (2.8) versus males (1.2; p = 0.046). Of the RIMs with characterized histology, 6 (55%) were WHO grade II and 5 (45%) were WHO grade I, demonstrating a prevalence of grade II tumors approximately double that found with SMs. RIMs were treated with combinations of observation, surgery, radiation, and medical therapy. Of the 8 patients treated with radiation, 4 demonstrated response. 8 of the 15 patients (53%) demonstrated recurrence/progression despite treatment. CONCLUSION RIMs are important because of the associated higher grade histology, gender, and ethnic incidences, and increased recurrence/progression compared to SMs. Despite the presumed contributory role of prior radiation, RIMs demonstrate a significant rate of responsiveness to radiation treatment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KERUSAKAN DNA PADA SEL LIMFOSIT PASIEN PASCA-RADIOTERAPI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Darlina Yusuf ◽  
Devita Tetriana ◽  
Tur Rahardjo ◽  
Teja Kisnanto ◽  
Yanti Lusiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses

Analyses of DNA Damage in the Patient’s Lymphocyte Cells Post-Radiotherapy Radiotherapy given in high doses to kill cancer cells can also induce DNA damage in surrounding normal cells. The radiation dose is divided into smaller doses called fractionation to decrease the effect of radiation on normal tissue. For this reason, it is necessary to monitor the peripheral blood lymphocytes to evaluate the patient's DNA damage. The alkaline comet test is a simple and sensitive technique for detecting DNA instability. This study involved 11 patients who underwent radiotherapy up to 20 Gy, and 11 healthy subjects as controls. This study aims to see how much DNA damage is caused by a 20 Gy fractionated radiation dose in patients with various cancers. The results showed that the mean frequency of damaged cells in patients was 80.54 ± 12.52% with a mean comet tail length of 49.98 ± 12.93 µm. There was a significant difference in both the frequency of damaged cells and the mean value of the comet tail length against the control group (p < 0.001). It was concluded that high doses of radiation can cause DNA damage to peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radioterapi yang diberikan dalam dosis tinggi untuk mematikan sel kanker juga dapat menginduksi kerusakan DNA pada sel normal di sekitarnya. Dosis radiasi dibagi menjadi dosis yang lebih kecil yang disebut fraksinasi untuk menurunkan efek radiasi pada jaringan normal. Untuk itu perlu pemantauan pada limfosit darah tepi untuk mengevaluasi kerusakan DNA pasien. Uji komet alkali merupakan teknik yang sederhana dan sensitif untuk mendeteksi ketidakstabilan DNA. Penelitian ini melibatkan 11 pasien yang menjalani radioterapi hingga 20 Gy, dan 11 subyek sehat sebagai kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar kerusakan DNA akibat dosis radiasi fraksinasi 20 Gy pada pasien dengan variasi kanker. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata frekuensi sel yang rusak pada pasien 80,54 ± 12,52% dengan rerata panjang ekor komet 49,98 ± 12,93 µm terdapat perbedaan nyata baik pada frekuensi sel yang rusak maupun nilai rerata panjang ekor komet terhadap kelompok kontrol (p < 0,001). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa radiasi dosis tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA sel limfosit darah tepi.

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Cavernous Hemangiomas: Case Report and Literature Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Robert Keezer ◽  
Rolando Del Maestro
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cavernous Hemangiomas ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
Mean Time

The case of a 51-year-old man diagnosed with two acquired cavernous hemangiomas 17 years after cranial irradiation for a cerebellar astrocytoma is reported. A review of 84 cases of radiation-induced cavernous hemangiomas found in the literature is presented. In this series the mean age at the time of irradiation (±SD) was 10.4 ± 2.0 years (median = 8 years), while the mean time to cavernous hemangioma diagnosis (±SD) was 10.3 ± 1.9 years (median = 8 years). Time to cavernous hemangioma diagnosis was found to be inversely related to radiation dose. Hemorrhage from radiation-induced cavernous hemangiomas was found in 40.0% of patients, with an incidence of 3.9% per patient year. An inverse trend was identified between radiation dose and symptomatic presentation, cavernous hemangioma hemorrhage or surgical resection. This review of radiation-induced cavernous hemangiomas confirms that both younger patients and those who received a larger dose of radiation are at increased risk of radiation-induced cavernous hemangiomas. Our results suggest that, based on an assessment of CT or MR images, there may be an increased risk of hemorrhage when comparing radiation-induced to congenital cavernous hemangiomas. Increasing radiation doses appear to stabilize these lesions, decreasing the risk of a symptomatic presentation, cavernous hemangioma hemorrhage and surgical intervention.

scholarly journals Patients Radiation Risks from Computed Tomography Lymphography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almujally ◽  
Abdelmoneim Sulieman ◽  
Fabrizio Calliada
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Organ Doses ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ct Lymphography

Objectives: This study aims to first measure patient doses during computed tomography (CT) chest, abdomen, and extremities procedures for evaluation lymphedema, and second to estimate the radiation dose-related risks during the procedures. Material and Methods: Radiation effective doses from CT lymphography procedures quantified using CT machines from different vendors. After the calibration of CT systems, the data collected for a total of 28 CT lymphography procedures. Effective and organ doses extrapolated using national radiological protection software based on Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The mean patient doses for chest and abdomen procedures in term of CTDIvol (mGy) and DLP (mGy.cm) are 10.0 ± 3 and 425 ± 222 and 24 ± 12 and 1118 ± 812 for CT 128 and CT 16 slice, respectively. The mean DLP (mGy.cm) for extremities was 320 ± 140 and 424 ± 212 for CT 128 and CT 16 slice, in that order. Conclusion: Patients’ dose showed significant differences due to variation in the scan length and clinical indication. Organs lay in the primary beam received high radiation doses especially in the chest region which increases the probability of radiation-induced cancer. The current patient’s doses are higher compared to the previous studies.

Assessment of organ radiation dose associated with uterine artery embolization

2006 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Glomset ◽  
J. Hellesnes ◽  
N. Heimland ◽  
G. Hafsahl ◽  
H. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
System A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Skin Dose

Purpose: To evaluate the radiation dose to the skin, uterus, and ovaries during uterine artery embolization. Material and Methods: Guided uterine artery embolization for leiomyomata and two types of X-ray equipment with different dose levels were utilized during fluoroscopy in 20 women (ages ranging from 32 to 52 years, body weights from 55 to 68 kg). The first 13 women were treated using a non-pulsed system A, with 3.3 mm Al filtering and, for simplicity, a fixed peak voltage 80 kV. During treatment of the other 7 women, a pulsed system B with 5.4 mm Al filtering and an identical fixed voltage was used. The dose area product (DAP) was recorded. The vaginal dose of the first 13 patients and the peak skin dose of all patients were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs). TLDs were placed in the posterior vaginal fornix and on the skin at the beam entrance site. The uterine and ovarian doses were estimated based on the measured skin doses, normalized depth dose, and organ depth values. The effective dose (Deff) was estimated based on the observed DAP values. The measured vaginal doses and the corresponding estimated uterine doses were compared statistically, as were the DAP values from systems A and B. Results: For system A, the mean fluoroscopic time was 20.9 min (range 12.7–31.1), and for system B 35.9 min (range 16.4–55.4). The mean numbers of angiographic exposures for systems A and B were 82 (range 30–164) and 37 (range 20–72), respectively. The mean peak skin dose for system A was 601.5 mGy (range 279–1030) and for system B 453 mGy (range 257–875). The mean DAP for system A was 88.6 Gy·cm2 (range 41.4–161.0) and for system B 52.5 Gy·cm2 (range 20.1–107.9). Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the DAP values, the DAP for system B being the lower one. The mean estimated effective doses from systems A and B were 32 mSv (range 15.1–58.4) and 22 mSv (range 9–46), respectively. The mean estimated maximum uterine and ovarian doses using system A were 81 mGy (range 30–247) and 85 mGy (range 24–207), respectively; when using system B, the respective doses were 101 mGy (range 45–182) and 105 mGy (range 31–246). The measured vaginal doses had a mean value of 52.5 mGy (range 12–124). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the estimated uterine doses and the measured vaginal doses. Conclusion: A significant difference was found between the estimated uterine doses and the corresponding measured vaginal doses. This has to be kept in mind when using vaginal doses as a substitute for the uterine dose. There was also a significant difference between the DAP values from systems A and B. System B, with pulsed fluoroscopy and greater filtration, gave the lower exposure. The maximum skin dose indicates that skin injuries are unlikely to occur. The ovarian doses are also below the threshold for temporary or permanent sterility. The stochastic risk for radiation-induced cancer and genetic injury to the patient's future children is not considered as substantial.

scholarly journals Relationship of the Mean Glandular Dose with Compressed Breast Thickness in Digital Mammography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Samjhana Khadka ◽  
Anamika Jha ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Chaudhary ◽  
Shanta Lall Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Mean Glandular Dose ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Breast Thickness

Introduction: Mammography is one of the most commonly performed radiological investigations for evaluation of breast cancer. As it involves ionizing radiation, there remains a risk of radiation induced cancer. In this study, we evaluated compressed breast thickness (CBT) and mean glandular dose (MGD) during routine mammography. Methods: This prospective study was performed in the Department of Radiology and Imaging of TUTH. Data of 500 consecutive patients who underwent mammography over a period of 4 months (June 2018 to September 2018) was collected. The age, CBT and MGD were recorded. Pearson correlation and paired-t tests were performed. Results: Most of the patients belonged to 41-50 years age group. MGD was significantly higher in patients with increased CBT. The CBT and MGD was higher in MLO view compared to CC views. The mean value of total MGD for four views was 5.1±1.4 mGy. There was significant positive correlation (r= 0.517) between CBT and MGD with increase in MGD with increase in CBT. Conclusions: The MGD and dose equivalent in our routine mammography is within the recommended limits. MGD increases with increasing CBT and vice-versa. Hence, decreasing the thickness of compressed breast, can decrease the amount of radiation absorbed by the glandular tissue of the breast.  

Cancer Risk from Pediatric CT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Radiation Induced Cancer ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Unnecessary Radiation

This chapter, found in the radiation exposure from medical imaging section of the book, provides a succinct synopsis of a key study estimating the potential radiation-induced cancer risk to pediatric patients undergoing computed tomography scans. This summary outlines the study methodology and design, major results, limitations and criticisms, related studies and additional information, and clinical implications. The study demonstrated that pediatric patients are at significantly increased lifetime radiation risks from CT compared to adults, and that every effort should be made to eliminate unnecessary radiation exposure among them. In addition to outlining the most salient features of the study, a clinical vignette is included in order to provide relevant clinical context.

CT Abdominal Tomography Indications: Are We All Sticking to the Plan?

2020 ◽  
pp. 084653712095107
Author(s):  
Michael Pyper ◽  
Abdulwahab Sidiqi ◽  
Patrik Rogalla ◽  
Sam Sabbah ◽  
Ania Kielar
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Abdominal Radiography ◽  
Low Radiation Dose ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quality Assurance Project ◽  
Emergency Department Patients

Objective: Ultra-low radiation dose computed tomography (CT) abdominal tomography was introduced in our institution in 2016 to replace standard abdominal radiography in the investigation of emergency department patients. This project aims to ascertain whether investigation of emergency department patients using ultra-low radiation dose CT abdominal tomography complies with original indication guidelines and/or if there has been any “indication creep” 3 years after inception. Methods: Retrospective, quality assurance project with research ethics waiver. A review of 200 consecutive patients investigated with CT abdominal tomography between February and May 2017 was performed. This was compared with 200 consecutive patients investigated between February and May 2019. Data analyzed included patient demographics, indication for scan, as well as scan and patient outcomes. Results: In the 2017 group, 29/200 scans were noncompliant with approved indication guidelines. In the 2019 group, 30/200 scans were also noncompliant. There was no statistically significant difference between groups ( P < .05) regarding the use of approved indications. Forty of 200 scans performed in 2017 revealed additional findings which are not specifically addressed on the reporting template. Forty-one of 200 scans in 2019 revealed these findings. Conclusions: There has been no “indication creep” for CT abdominal tomography over time.

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