Climate change issue in Convention on Biological Diversity: negotiations and focuses

Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of BES-SIM are (1) to project the global impacts of land-use and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services (i.e., nature's contributions to people) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of common metrics at multiple scales, and (2) to identify model uncertainties and research gaps through the comparisons of projected biodiversity and ecosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining specific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) – SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP3xRCP6.0, SSP5xRCP8.6 – to explore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This paper describes the rationale for scenario selection, the process of harmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land Use Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the biodiversity and ecosystem services models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of the model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of this collaborative modeling project will support the ongoing global assessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modeling processes, advise the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020 strategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new generation of nature-centred scenarios.

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Climate Conditions and Biodiversity Decline

10.4018/978-1-6684-3686-8.ch036 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 748-763

Author(s):

Ashok K. Rathoure ◽

Unnati Rajendrakumar Patel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climatic Change ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Fragile Environment ◽

Impact On Biodiversity ◽

The Impact

Many studies in recent years have investigated the effects of climate change on the future of biodiversity. In this chapter, the authors first examined the different possible effects of climate change that can operate at individual, population, species, community, ecosystem, notably showing that species can respond to climate challenges by shifting their climatic change. Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges that affect all the natural ecosystems of the world. Due to the fragile environment, mountain ecosystems are the most vulnerable to the impact of climate change. Climatic change will affect vegetation, humans, animals, and ecosystem that will impact on biodiversity. Mountains have been recognized as important ecosystems by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Climate change will not only threaten the biodiversity, but also affect the socio-economic condition of the indigenous people of the state. Various activities like habitat loss, deforestation, and exploitation amplify the impact of climate change on biodiversity.

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A protocol for an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized land-use and climate scenarios

10.5194/gmd-2018-115 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HyeJin Kim ◽

Isabel M. D. Rosa ◽

Rob Alkemade ◽

Paul Leadley ◽

George Hurtt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Multiple Scales ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Second Phase ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Wide Range ◽

Global Impacts

Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on Scenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of BES-SIM are (1) to project the global impacts of land use and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services (i.e. nature’s contributions to people) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of common metrics at multiple scales, and (2) to identify model uncertainties and research gaps through the comparisons of projected biodiversity and ecosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining specific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) to explore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This paper describes the rationale for scenarios selection, the process of harmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land Use Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the biodiversity and ecosystem service models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of the model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of this collaborative modelling project will support the ongoing global assessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modelling processes, advise the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020 strategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new generation of nature-centred scenarios.

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Climate change and protected area policy and planning in Canada

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc81696-5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (5) ◽

pp. 696-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Daniel Scott ◽

Christopher Lemieux

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Ecological Communities ◽

Key Words Climate Change ◽

United Nations Convention ◽

Policy And Planning ◽

Potential Shifts

Protected areas are the most common and most important strategy for biodiversity conservation and are called for under the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity. However, most protected areas have been designed to represent (and in theory protect for perpetuity) specific natural features, species and ecological communities in-situ, and have not taken into account potential shifts in ecosystem distribution and composition that could be induced by global climatic change. This paper provides an overview of the policy and planning implications of climate change for protected areas in Canada, summarizes a portfolio of climate change adaptation options that have been discussed in the conservation literature and by conservation professionals and provides a perspective on what is needed for the conservation community in Canada to move forward on responding to the threat posed by climate change. Key words: climate change, protected areas, parks, conservation, system planning, impacts, adaptation

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The second Symposium held in February 2018 under the theme “Biodiversity Management - A Strategy for Sustainable Development and Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation”

Botswana Journal of Agriculture and Applied Sciences ◽

10.37106/bojaas.2019.41 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. ii

Author(s):

Marumo Kedumetse Marumo

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Human Resources ◽

Climate Change Adaptation ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Biodiversity Management ◽

Taxonomic Impediment ◽

Sound Management ◽

Adaptation And Mitigation

The Global Taxonomy Initiative (GTI) was developed by governments through the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) after acknowledging the existence of taxonomic impediment to the sound management of biodiversity. The main aim of the strategy is to develop the human resources and infrastructure necessary to generate, disseminate and use taxonomic knowledge and information in a manner that assists parties in effectively implementing the convention. The National Taxonomy Committee (NTC) is a committee mandated to drive the Global Taxonomy Initiative programme of work in Botswana.

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A pale reflection of political reality: Integration of global climate, wetland, and biodiversity agreements

Climate Law ◽

10.1163/cl-2010-017 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 343-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jamie Pittock

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Financial Incentives ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Global Climate ◽

Good Practice ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Ramsar Convention ◽

Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Political Reality

Avoiding dangerous climate change, conserving biodiversity, and sustaining water resources are three of the greatest environmental challenges facing humanity: their expression and management are inextricably linked. National governments have adopted multilateral environmental agreements to respond to these issues by providing mandates for action, setting higher environmental standards, mobilizing resources, and sharing knowledge. This article examines whether three relevant, global conventions—the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands—are being implemented as effectively and efficiently as possible by managing conflicts and enhancing positive synergies among them through integrative mechanisms. Systematic analysis of the conventions identifies many conflicts between measures adopted under the UNFCCC and the two biodiversity-related conventions, as well as unrealized positive synergies. Detailed assessment of integrative mechanisms reveals isolated examples of good practice. More commonly, integrative measures were not being used, particularly by the UNFCCC. After more than a decade of attempts to expand interconvention collaboration and harmonization, I conclude that voluntary efforts need to be replaced by financial incentives or governance reforms if perverse impacts are to be avoided and these agreements are to be better implemented.

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Part II Analytical Approaches, Ch.12 Feminist Approaches

10.1093/law/9780198849155.003.0012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maguire Rowena

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United Nations ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Environmental Law ◽

Gender Mainstreaming ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Power Relationships ◽

Action Plans ◽

Social Constructs ◽

Analytical Approaches

This chapter provides a brief overview of ecofeminist theory. It charts its rise due to the perception of women having a closer relationship with nature, the retreat of ecofeminism when essentialist notions of women's connections to nature were challenged, followed by the subsequent re-framing of ecofeminism, in light of material and power relationships. More recently, scholars have defended ecofeminism, arguing that it provides a lens to examine the exploitation of nature and women, through analyses of power, social constructs, and inter-species relationships. The chapter then examines the contribution of women in shaping international environmental law (IEL) in pre- and post-UNCED (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) periods. It also explores recent efforts to embed gender within IEL processes, through the adoption of Gender Action Plans in the 1994 UNCCD (UN Convention to Combat Desertification), the 1992 UNCBD (Convention on Biological Diversity), and UNFCCC (UN Framework Convention on Climate Change). While IEL is generally gender-blind, it is transitioning through a period of gender mainstreaming and the future of IEL is likely to be increasingly gender-literate.

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Implications of Current Developments in International Liability for the Practice of Marine Geo-engineering Activities

Asian Journal of International Law ◽

10.1017/s2044251313000283 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 235-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jung-Eun KIM

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

International Law ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

State Liability ◽

London Protocol ◽

International Liability ◽

Carbon Dioxide Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Technique

Ocean fertilization was first introduced as a carbon dioxide mitigation technique in the 1980s. However, its effectiveness to slow down climate change is uncertain and it is expected to damage the marine environment. Consequently, international law, including the London Convention/Protocol and the Convention on Biological Diversity, limits this activity to scientific research purposes. The applicability and scope of existing treaties for regulating this activity have been reviewed within international legal systems, in particular within the London Protocol. The establishment of a liability regime with respect to these activities has also been raised during a discussion on regulation of ocean fertilization under the London Protocol. One of the key purposes of the liability regime could be to make ocean users more cautious when exploring and exploiting the oceans through charging cleaning costs or imposing compensation for damage. This paper aims to identify such a preventative effect of the international liability regime, in particular, state liability.

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Assessing the progress and pitfalls of the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in achieving SDGs in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration (BJPA) ◽

10.36609/bjpa.v29i2.228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 140-158

Author(s):

Md. Mizanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Research Activities ◽

Responsible Consumption ◽

Aichi Biodiversity Targets

The study strived to assess the performance of the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in achieving environmental sustainability in Bangladesh. The overarching pitfalls, shortcomings, and associated challenges were critically examined. The research used both primary and secondary data, which was collected following several research approaches. It was found that the Ministry is actively working to achieve 25 targets of SDGs. Nothing is mentioned about climate change in its mandates though it is nodal Ministry in climate adaptation and mitigation. Due to its ambiguous and viscous mandates, jurisdictional overlapping followed by the conflict of interests has been created in many other ministries and divisions. In SDGs mapping, this Ministry's role in achieving food security and responsible consumption have been downplayed. According to key informants' perception, it could not garner the community’s support in conservation initiatives. On the other hand, due to drawbacks in the legal framework, environmental justice could be ensured on an equal basis. No noticeable activities were observed that can achieve the targets 2020, agreed under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), as part of the set of Aichi Biodiversity Targets. The Ministry could not establish any reliable database through which ecological, carbon, and green footprints can be measured. Correspondingly, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute cannot carry out need-based and world standard research activities. Institutional and legal reform is advocated to expedite the actions to achieve environmental sustainability. The study recommends enhancing the capacity of the Ministry.

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Natural resources in international treaties: From the sovereign rights of states to the common concern of humankind

Strani pravni zivot ◽

10.5937/spz65-32847 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 391-405

Author(s):

Dragoljub Todić

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Legal Protection ◽

International Agreements ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

International Treaties ◽

Common Concern ◽

The Common

The paper points out the importance of natural resources and discusses their international legal protection. It analyses the UN deposited international agreements in the field of environment as well as the views of various authors. In specific, relations of the international agreements with the principle of permanent sovereignty of states over natural resources ("principle") and the concept of ,,common concern of humankind" (,,concept") is explored. The aim of the paper is to identify relevant international agreements, determine how they relate to ,,natural resources" and assess the content of norms related to the ,,principle" and ,,concept". The conclusion states that the ,,principle" and the ,,concept" are simultaneously defined in two international agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change), that the content and meaning of the ,,principle" was upgraded, as well as that there are elements of intertwining and lack of clarity when it comes to characterising relations between the ,,principle" and the ,,concept".

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