Catherine Bolly - The Acquisition of Phraseological Units by Advanced Learners of French as an L2: High-Frequency Verbs and Learner Corpora 199

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Learner Corpora

scholarly journals Linking learner corpus and experimental data in studying second language learners’ knowledge of verb-argument constructions

ICAME Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Römer ◽  
Audrey Roberson ◽  
Matthew B. O’Donnell ◽  
Nick C. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
First Language ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
Learner Corpora

Abstract This paper combines data from learner corpora and psycholinguistic experiments in an attempt to find out what advanced learners of English (first language backgrounds German and Spanish) know about a range of common verbargument constructions (VACs), such as the ‘V about n’ construction (e.g. she thinks about chocolate a lot). Learners’ dominant verb-VAC associations are examined based on evidence retrieved from the German and Spanish subcomponents of ICLE and LINDSEI and collected in lexical production tasks in which participants complete VAC frames (e.g. ‘he ___ about the...’) with verbs that may fill the blank (e.g. talked, thought, wondered). The paper compares findings from the different data sets and highlights the value of linking corpus and experimental evidence in studying linguistic phenomena

scholarly journals La competenza fraseologica in italiano lingua straniera tra i livelli elementare e intermedio

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Simone Torsani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Learner Corpora ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Phraseology constitutes an indisputably important area of language proficiency. Among the methods devised to explore this domain, semiautomated analysis of learner corpora has yielded important findings, especially in the case of intermediate and advanced levels. This paper investigates phraseological competence in Italian as a Foreign Language between the A2 and B1 levels of the CEFR. We collected 160 texts based on different combinations of task difficulty and learner level and we compared, through two-way Anova tests, the different groups. Results show that A2 leaners produce more non-collocational bigrams with respect to other groups, but when they attempt a B1 task they experience difficulty in producing high frequency bigrams. Implications for instruction and further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Adverb placement in EFL academic writing

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove Larsson ◽  
Marcus Callies ◽  
Hilde Hasselgård ◽  
Natalia Judith Laso ◽  
Sanne van Vuuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
First Language ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
L1 Transfer ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Learner Corpora ◽  
Adverb Placement ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Abstract The present study looks at adverb placement in expert writing and in first-language and second-language novice spoken and written production. The extent to which first-language (L1) transfer is still present in advanced learners’ written production is also investigated. The study uses data from one expert corpus (LOCRA), two native-speaker student corpora (BAWE and LOCNEC) and two learner corpora (VESPA and LINDSEI). The results highlight the importance of taking mode into consideration, as clear distributional differences were found between spoken and written production. In addition, while considerable differences could be noted across L1 background in the spoken data, factors such as presence/absence of auxiliary, verb type (e.g. intransitive, copular/linking) and lexis were found to be most important for predicting adverb placement in the written data. Only very limited evidence of L1 transfer was found in the learners’ writing, suggesting that advanced learners have largely mastered the distributional preferences of adverbs.

Towards a Model of Advanced Learners’ Vocabulary Acquisition: An Investigation of L2 Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention by Taiwanese English Majors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Lee Reynolds ◽  
Wei-Hua Wu ◽  
Hui-Wen Liu ◽  
Shu-Yuan Kuo ◽  
Ching-Hua Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Japanese Learners Of English ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Japanese Learners ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

AbstractDevelopment of vocabulary is one of the fundamental elements for second language acquisition; it is important to meaning transfer and successful communication as well (Barcroft 2004). The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to investigate to what extent the characteristics of vocabulary affect Taiwanese English language majors’ second-language vocabulary acquisition and retention. This research builds upon similar research conducted by Willis and Ohashi (2012), which found a relationship between acquisition and a word’s frequency, cognateness, and length for Japanese learners of English. Our results indicate a significant relationship between acquisition and a word’s frequency, level of polysemy, and part of speech. Correlation results show that polysemy and frequency are both strongly related to acquisition. Nevertheless, a negative correlation between phonemes and acquisition was also shown. The findings indicate that high frequency words and polysemous words are both easily acquired and retained; in contrast, words with more phonemes require more effort by Taiwanese English language majors to learn and retain. Findings from a multiple regression analysis further suggest that high frequency polysemous nouns are easily acquired and retained by Taiwanese English language majors. Pedagogical implications concerning the variables investigated are provided.

Exploring multiple constraints on second language development of English polysemous phrasal verbs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1073-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Zhang ◽  
Ju Wen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
Multiple Constraints ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Chinese Speakers ◽  
Second Language Development

AbstractThe present study examined Chinese speakers’ knowledge of English polysemous phrasal verbs (PVs) and factors that may constrain the development of PVs. The intermediate and advanced learners judged the acceptability of 100 senses of 50 PVs. Results indicate that both the intermediate and the advanced learners tended to favor the high-frequency senses (51.2%∼67.2%) of PVs but disfavor the low-frequency senses (32.9%∼46.3%) of PVs. PV frequency, semantic transparency, and time spent reading books and watching films/TV could predict the advanced learners’ mastery of the high-frequency senses, while PV frequency and preemption could predict their mastery of the low-frequency senses. Semantic transparency, PV frequency, and preemption could predict the intermediate learners’ knowledge of the high-frequency senses, while semantic transparency, frequency of high-frequency senses, and preemption could predict their acceptance of the low-frequency senses. No reliable relationship was detected among the learners’ PV knowledge, entrenchment, time spent in second language immersion, listening to music, and communicating with others for the two groups.

ASPECTS OF LEXICAL SOPHISTICATION IN ADVANCED LEARNERS’ ORAL PRODUCTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Bardel ◽  
Anna Gudmundson ◽  
Christina Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Lexical Richness ◽  
Basic Vocabulary ◽  
Word Difficulty

This article reports on the design and use of a profiler for lexical sophistication (i.e., use of advanced vocabulary), which was created to assess the lexical richness of intermediate and advanced Swedish second language (L2) learners’ French and Italian. It discusses how teachers’ judgments (TJs) of word difficulty can contribute to the methodology for lexical profiling and compares two methods, one purely frequency based and one modified on the basis of TJs of word difficulty. It has been suggested elsewhere that factors other than frequency play an important role in vocabulary acquisition. Here it is argued that cognates and thematic vocabulary related to teaching materials, although infrequent in target language (TL) corpora, should not necessarily be considered advanced and that analyses of learners’ lexical sophistication would benefit from integrating these aspects. In this study, the frequency-based method normally used in lexical profiling was modified by recategorizing some low-frequency words considered easy by many teachers. On the basis of the TJs, a basic vocabulary, which consisted mainly of high-frequency words but also of cognates and thematic words, was defined, which was based on the fact that teachers judged certain low-frequency cognates and thematic words as relatively easy. Using the modified method, learners’ lexical profiles were found to be more homogeneous within groups of learners at specific proficiency levels. The superiority of the new method over the purely frequency-based one was shown when comparing effect sizes. It is argued that this method gives a more correct picture of advanced L2 lexical profiles.

The Microstructure of Steatite (Protoenstatite)

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Glassy Matrix ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Argon Ions ◽  
High Temperature Polymorph

IntroductionTraditional steatite ceramics, made by firing (vitrifying) hydrous magnesium silicate, have long been used as insulators for high frequency applications due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Early x-ray and optical analysis of steatites showed that they were composed largely of protoenstatite (MgSiO3) in a glassy matrix. Recent studies of enstatite-containing glass ceramics have revived interest in the polymorphism of enstatite. Three polymorphs exist, two with orthorhombic and one with monoclinic symmetry (ortho, proto and clino enstatite, respectively). Steatite ceramics are of particular interest a they contain the normally unstable high-temperature polymorph, protoenstatite.Experimental3mm diameter discs cut from steatite rods (∼10” long and 0.5” dia.) were ground, polished, dimpled, and ion-thinned to electron transparency using 6KV Argon ions at a beam current of 1 x 10-3 A and a 12° angle of incidence. The discs were coated with carbon prior to TEM examination to minimize charging effects.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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