scholarly journals STANDARISASI PARAMETER SPESIFIK EKSTRAK METANOL BIJI KEBIUL (Caesalpinia Bonduc L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU OBAT HERBAL TERSTANDAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adam Mustapa ◽  
Widy Susanti Abdulkadir ◽  
Indriany Femina Halid
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound

The determination of specific parameters standardization of knicker nut (Caesalpinia BonducL.) methanol extract as the standardized herbal medicine raw materials has been carried out to ensure the quality improvement of traditional medicines and the efficacy of the plant. The purpose of this research is to determine the specific parameters of knicker nut extract so that it can be consumed as herbal medicines that have been scientifically tested. The knicker nut extract was obtained from the extraction employing the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Specific parameters testing included extract identity, extract organoleptic, dissolved compound in certain solvents, along with extract chemical test. The results of extract identity testing show that the Latin name is CaesalpiniaBonducL. with the nut as the used part of the plant. The organoleptic test reveals that the plant is in the form of thick extract, blackish-brown in color, bitter, has pungent smell/typical smell of knicker nut, contains water-soluble compound of 10.33% with the standard deviation ±1.154707755, N-hexane-soluble compound of 3.33% with the standard deviation ±1.154707755, and methanol-soluble compound of 17.33% with the standard deviation ±3.511886957. Moreover, the flavonoids wavelengths are 382 nm (band I) and 262 nm (band II).

DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
K. Сhevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.

scholarly journals Survey and Documentation of Ethnobotanicals used in the Traditional Medicines System of Tribal Communities of Chirang District of Assam Against Helminthiasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1923-1935
Author(s):  
Ananta Swargiary ◽  
Mritunjoy Kumar Roy ◽  
Manita Daimari
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Ancient Times

Ethnobotanical knowledge has been the backbone of rural healthcare since ancient times. Many diseases including helminthiasis are cured by traditional medicine in many parts of the world. The present study aims at exploring the ethnobotanicals used as anthelmintic medicines by the tribal communities of Chirang district of Assam. The present study was conducted in different villages under Chirang district of Assam, India. A face-to-face interview was carried out during survey work along with readymade questionnaire. In our survey work, 20 neighbouring villages were taken as a single cluster and one sample informant was collected. Information regarding the plant and plant parts used, methodology of use as well as informant demography such as age, sex, education was also collected. A total of 20 villages were surveyed and information was gathered from 27 informants, 23 kaviraja and 4 elderly people, 15 male and 12 female. The information collected revealed 43 medicinal plants belonging to 27 families. Lamiaceae was found to be most common family followed by Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Zutaceae and Zingiberaceae. The most highly cited plants were Ananas comosus, Andrographis paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Alstonia scholaris and Leucas aspera. Leaves, fruits and tubers were found to be the most commonly used plant parts. Except few, most of the herbal medicines were prepared as raw materials and are consumed orally. Documentation of important ethnomedicinal information from the remote areas of Assam will help scientific investigators to look into its scientific aspect leading to the development of new medicines against helminthiasis and many other diseases.

scholarly journals Atomic-Emission Determination of Rhenium in Anthropogenic Raw Materials of Steel Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
A.V. Troeglazova ◽  
E.V. Zlobina ◽  
G.S. Kudryavtseva ◽  
A.D. Kirillov ◽  
Y.A. Karpov
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Atomic Emission Analysis ◽  
Mass Percent ◽  
Acidic Dissolution

The method including microwave acidic dissolution of samples and atomic-emission analysis of rhenium for determination of rhenium in cupper-molybdenum and lead-cupper wares is proposed. The range of determination concentration of metal is 0.05 – 0.5 mass percent, standard deviation of repeatability is 0.002 – 0.01 %.

Synthesis of propylene glycol phospholipids: analogues of α-lecithins and α-cephalins

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Baer ◽  
Angus J. Duke ◽  
Dmytro Buchnea
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Asymmetric Center ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Lecithin

The synthesis of phospholipids derived from propylene glycol, structurally the least complex polyhydric alcohol to possess an asymmetric center, is described. Representatives of two types of propylene glycol phospholipids were prepared. They are analogues of α-(dipalmitoyl)lecithin and α-(dipalmitoyl)cephalin, and were obtained from D-propylene glycol via the following two series of intermediates: (A) α-trityl D-propylene glycol (I) → α-trityl, β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (II) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol (III) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphorylcholine chloride (IV) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine (V); and (B) I → II → III → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-(phenyl)phosphoryl-N-carbobenzoxyethanolamine (VI) → β-palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine (VII). The palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylcholine, a highly water-soluble compound, possesses strong hemolytic activity, whereas the palmitoyl D-propylene glycol-α-phosphorylethanolamine has no hemolytic properties whatsoever.

Darstellung von Peroxotantalaten durch Perhydrolyse von Tantal(V)-äthanolat / Preparation of Peroxotantalates by Perhydrolysis of Tantalum(V)ethoxide

1973 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fuchs ◽  
D. Lubkoll
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
First Time

Tetraperoxotantalates with organic cations as well as an oligomeric peroxopolytantalate were prepared for the first time by perhydrolysis of tantalum(V)ethoxide, Ta(OC2H5)5, in the presence of bases. Guanidinium, tert-butylammonium and cyclohexylammonium salts of tetraperoxotantalic acid crystallize from ethanol as relatively stable compounds. The cell constants of these compounds are determined. By perhydrolysis of the ester in petroleum ether the tert-butylammonium salt of a peroxododecantalic acid was obtained. The molecular mass of this water soluble compound was determined with the ultracentrifuge.

Sustained release of a model water-soluble compound via dry powder aerosolizable acetalated dextran microparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1133-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan K. Shah ◽  
Zimeng Wang ◽  
Sweta K. Gupta ◽  
Andrew Le Campion ◽  
Samantha A. Meenach
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Model Water

scholarly journals Recent Development of Quality Control Methods for Herbal Derived Drug Preparations

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunawan Indrayanto
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Microbial Toxins

Pharmaceutical industries should apply rigorous QC (quality control) to ensure the consistency, safety, and efficacy of their herbal derived drug-preparations. QC must be performed at every stage of the production line i.e. incoming raw materials, extractions, in-process control, finished products and keeping samples. Due to the complex nature of the chemical content of herbal drugs, two approaches to QC should be taken, that is quantitative determination of the selected marker(s) compound(s), and metabolite profiling. Contamination of herbal medicines by heavy metals, pesticides, toxic metabolites, microbial toxins, pathogenic microorganisms and other foreign matter should also be evaluated. A combination of chemical profiling and multivariate analysis (MVA) is recommended as the QC tool for the botanical identification method (BIM) of herbs, extracts, herb materials, and herbal drug preparations. Microscopic methods, DNA profiling or chemical marker(s) are not recommended for use as the sole BIM due to the lack of specificity. Only markers that meet certain criteria i.e. quality active (QA) markers can be utilized as a QC tool. The limit specification range of markers used as QC tools should be described in the analytical target profile (ATP). To gain reliable results of any analysis that has been performed at any QC laboratory, the analysis method must be validated according to the newest guidance. Sample detection limit of any toxic compound(s) should be lower than its cut-off value and MPL. The reliability of any results of analysis of a QC laboratory must be evaluated by using QC-samples for each series of measurements.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIMPLISIA TEH HITAM DARI TANAMAN Camelia sinensis Var. assamica DARI PERKEBUNAN TEH BALI CAHAYA AMERTA, DESA ANGSERI, KECAMATAN BATURITI, KABUPATEN TABANAN, BALI

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
N. L.P.V. Paramita ◽  
N. M. D. Andani ◽  
I. A. P. Y. Putri ◽  
N. K. S. Indriyani ◽  
N. M. P. Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Characterization Test ◽  
High Degree

Black tea is a type of tea in such a way the polyphenols undergo a high degree of oxidation. The characteristics of simplicia are strongly influenced by the environment. In order to use a simplicia as an active ingredient, characterization test are required for maintaining the quality and safety. This study aimed to find out the characteristic of black tea simplicia from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) which were taken from Bali Cahaya Amerta Tea Plantation, Angseri Village, Baturiti Sub-district, Tabanan Regency, Bali. The characterization of the simplicia was done based on standard parameters of tea plant in Farmakope Herbal Indonesia including macroscopic test, microscopic test, the loss on drying, the contents of water soluble compound, ethanol soluble compound, total ash, acid insoluble ash, total phenol and the identification of cathecin. The results showed that black tea simplicia elongated shaped with blackish brown, odorless, tasteless, and there were fragments identifier such as sclerenkim fibers, epidermis with stomata, macrosklerida, leaf mesophyll with vascular tissue, and rosette calcium oxalate crystals. The result of the compounds content that dissolve in water was 31.84% ± 0.6446%, compounds content that dissolve in ethanol was 16.64% ± 0.414%, the loss on drying was 5.19% ± 0.0902%, total ash content was 4.67% ± 0.0392%, ash content that was insoluble in acid was 0.19% ± 0.0025%, and the total fenol content was 0.9733% ± 0.0189%. From the results, the black tea simplicia fulfills the requirements of simplicia characteristic based on Farmakope Herbal Indonesia parameter.

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