DETERMINATION OF CORROSION INFLUENCE ON FUEL METAL, OBTAINED FROM SECONDARY POLYMER RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
K. Сhevchenko ◽  
A. Grigorov ◽  
I. Sinkevich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The article proposes to determine the corrosion effect on fuel metals under dynamic conditions, when washing the prepared copper plate of a certain size, a significant amount of fuel at a certain speed and temperature of the study. This approach will significantly reduce the duration of the study (up to 100 minutes) and is closer to the real conditions of contact of the fuel with a metal surface, in comparison with the standardized method, which is widely used today. Using the proposed laboratory setup, the study was subjected to fuel (200–360 °C), which was obtained by thermal destruction of secondary polymer raw materials, in particular polypropylene. The obtained results showed that the investigated fuel, despite the temperature, the amount of circulating fuel and its water content, does not have a corrosive effect on the copper plate, which can be explained by the absence of corrosive substances in the fuel: water-soluble mineral acids and alkalis, active sulfur compounds and organic acids. However, it should be kept in mind that in polyolefin raw materials, in the form of contamination, there may be products made of other materials, such as rubber and polyvinyl chloride. This can happen when the sorting technology is violated or during the preliminary preparation of raw materials and, in turn, will contribute to the increase in sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds in the fuel, which are characterized by high corrosion activity and should be necessarily removed from the fuel. Note that the fuel obtained from secondary polymer raw materials, in the absence of sulfur-containing and chlorine-containing compounds, is quite promising for the creation on its basis of modern synthetic fuels, analogues of classic petroleum products.

scholarly journals METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ARABINOXYLANS IN CEREALS (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Lilia Firdavisovna Gilmullina ◽  
Mira Leonidovna Ponomareva ◽  
Sergey Nikolayevich Ponomarev ◽  
Gul'naz Suleymanovna Mannapova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Cereal Plants ◽  
Qualitative Determination

Arabinoxylans (AXs) – non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs)  is one of the most discussed main components contained in all parts of cereal plants. AXs combine bioactive and technological functions. As dietary fibres, they have physiologically beneficial properties for human health. AXs are water-soluble and insoluble in water. The structure, structure, quantity and properties of AXs depend on which part of the grain or cereal plant is extracted and which method of isolation is used. There are many different methods of preliminary and deep impact aimed at extraction of AXs from plant raw materials. The use of a simple method or complex treatment for quantitative and qualitative determination of AXs depends on objectives and possibilities. The overview provides data on AXs content of different crops, depending on the extraction method. The main classical methods of AXs extraction, their advantages, disadvantages, and possible limitations of use are described. The variants of calculation of the quantitative AXs content used by different authors are separately considered.

scholarly journals STANDARISASI PARAMETER SPESIFIK EKSTRAK METANOL BIJI KEBIUL (Caesalpinia Bonduc L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU OBAT HERBAL TERSTANDAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adam Mustapa ◽  
Widy Susanti Abdulkadir ◽  
Indriany Femina Halid
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble Compound ◽  
Soluble Compound

The determination of specific parameters standardization of knicker nut (Caesalpinia BonducL.) methanol extract as the standardized herbal medicine raw materials has been carried out to ensure the quality improvement of traditional medicines and the efficacy of the plant. The purpose of this research is to determine the specific parameters of knicker nut extract so that it can be consumed as herbal medicines that have been scientifically tested. The knicker nut extract was obtained from the extraction employing the maceration method with methanol as the solvent. Specific parameters testing included extract identity, extract organoleptic, dissolved compound in certain solvents, along with extract chemical test. The results of extract identity testing show that the Latin name is CaesalpiniaBonducL. with the nut as the used part of the plant. The organoleptic test reveals that the plant is in the form of thick extract, blackish-brown in color, bitter, has pungent smell/typical smell of knicker nut, contains water-soluble compound of 10.33% with the standard deviation ±1.154707755, N-hexane-soluble compound of 3.33% with the standard deviation ±1.154707755, and methanol-soluble compound of 17.33% with the standard deviation ±3.511886957. Moreover, the flavonoids wavelengths are 382 nm (band I) and 262 nm (band II).

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE RAW MATERIAL “ROSEHIP FRUIT”

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurkin ◽  
Ol'ga Vladimirovna Sharova ◽  
Polina Valeriyevna Afanaseva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Long Time

The fruits of wild rose (Fructus Rosae) have been widely used in both traditional and officinal medicine for the long time. The pharmacological effect of the Rosehip medicine is related to the content of such biologically active compounds as: water-soluble (ascorbic acid) and fat-soluble (carotenoids) vitamins, as well as flavonoids (astragalin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside). Such medicine as Holosas, Carotolin and Rosehip syrup are obtained from the fruits of this plant. In addition, wild rose fruits are part of the various fees from which patients could prepare water infusions at home themselves. Regulatory documentation provides for the analysis of Rosehip raw materials three parameters: the content of ascorbic acid, the total carotenoids and flavonoids. The quantitative content of the total carotenoids in the fruits of the rosehip is regulated for the production of rosehip oil and Carotolin. However, in our opinion, the method of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids, described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, is too complicated and contains an unreasonably entered coefficient in the formula, leading to an overestimation of the analysis results in 10 times. We have developed the methodic of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids in Rosehip, that include single extraction of raw materials with hexane at room temperature and periodic mixing in the ratio of «raw material : extract» 1 : 30. Investigated solution there was obtained by diluting the hexane extract in the ratio of 2:25 and measured the optical density at wavelength 450 nm. Adjustments have been made to the formula for the calculating of the total carotenoids relating to the removal of the coefficient 10 unjustifiably entered into the pharmacopoeial methodic. It was determined that the content of the total carotenoids calculated on ß-carotene varied from 10.15 to 74.5 mg%. The metrological characteristics of the methodic indicate that the error of a single determination of the total carotenoids in the rosehip fruits with a 95% confidence level is ± 3.57%. Based on the results of the studies, a new test quality indicators “content of the total carotenoids at least 30 mg%” was substantiated instead of 300 mg%.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EXPRESS PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATION AND QUANTITATIVE DE-TERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM HIGH DEVISIL ROOTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseyevna Dyakova ◽  
Sergey Petrovich Gaponov ◽  
Aleksey Ivanovich Slivkin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Sediment Mass ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of the study was to develop and validate an express procedure for the isolation and quantification of water-soluble polysaccharides from high devisyl roots (Ínula helenium L.). In order to accelerate the process of extracting biologically active substances from the roots of high devisil, as well as to increase the yield of water-soluble polysaccharides, it was decided to use an ultrasonic bath. By varying the process parameters, it was possible to select optimal extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides of high-grade roots under ultrasound treatment conditions: raw material grinding 0.5–1.0 mm, temperature – 80 °C, extraction multiplicity – 3, extraction duration – 15 min, ultrasound frequency – 35 kHz, ratio of raw material to extractor 1 g per 15 ml. The proposed technique allows to intensify the process of preparing polysaccharides water-soluble from roots high and to reduce the time spent on it up to 4-5 hours, as well as to increase the yield of the product up to 31.6% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. The developed method is precise under the conditions of repeatability, correct, stable and has a rather strict linear dependence of the sediment mass on the analysed raw material mass at gravimetric determination of polysaccharides water-soluble in the roots of high devisil. The technique can be used for express analysis of high devasil roots quality, as well as for industrial production of water-soluble polysaccharides from this kind of raw material.

Energetic properties of peat saturated with petroleum products

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. S. Dremicheva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Initial Sample

This paper presents a method of sorption using peat for elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and the possibility of energy use of oil-saturated peat. The results of assessment of the sorbent capacity of peat are presented, with waste motor oil and diesel fuel chosen as petroleum products. Natural peat has been found to possess sorption properties in relation to petroleum products. The sorbent capacity of peat can be observed from the first minutes of contact with motor oil and diesel fuel, and significantly depends on their viscosity. For the evaluation of thermal properties of peat saturated with petroleum products, experimental studies have been conducted on determination of moisture and ash content of as-fired fuel. It is shown that adsorbed oil increases the moisture and ash content of peat in comparison with the initial sample. Therefore, when intended for energy use, peat saturated with petroleum products is to be subjected to additional drying. Simulation of net calorific value has been performed based on the calorific values of peat and petroleum products with different ratios of petroleum product content in peat and for a saturated peat sample. The obtained results are compared with those of experiments conducted in a calorimetric bomb and recalculated for net calorific value. A satisfactory discrepancy is obtained, which amounts to about 12%. Options have been considered providing for combustion of saturated peat as fuel (burnt per se and combined with a solid fuel) and processing it to produce liquid, gaseous and solid fuels. Peat can be used to solve environmental problems of elimination of emergency spills of crude oil and petroleum products and as an additional resource in solving the problem of finding affordable energy.

Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Salbutamol by Coupling with Diazotized 4-Aminobenzoic acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Hadi ◽  
Gufran Salim
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Trace Determination ◽  
Aminobenzoic Acid ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Versus Concentration

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotmetric method for trace determination of salbutamol (SAL) in aqueous solution and in pharmaceutical preparations is described. The method is based on the diazotization coupling reaction of the intended compound with 4-amino benzoic acid (ABA) in alkaline medium to form an intense orange, water soluble dye that is stable and shows maximum absorption at 410 nm. A graph of absorbance versus concentration indicates that Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.5-30 ppm, with a molar absorbtivity 3.76×104 L.mol-1 .cm-1 depending on the concentration of SAL. The optimum conditions and stability of the colored product have been investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of SAL in dosage forms.

Usability of field X-ray fluorescence analyzers for determination of the chemistry of cement raw materials - using an example of Mokrá Quarry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Zimák ◽  
Kristýna Dalajková ◽  
Roman Donocik ◽  
Petr Krist ◽  
Daniel Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray
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