scholarly journals Functions of two distinct Kupffer cells in the liver

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunye Zhang ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Macrophages ◽  
Major Cluster

Tissue-resident macrophages play critically important roles in host homeostasis and pathogenesis of diseases, with the functions of phagocytosis, metabolism, and immune modulation. Recently, two research studies accomplished by a collaborated group of researchers showed that there are two populations of liver resident Kupffer cells (KCs), including a major cluster of differentiation 206 low expression (CD206low)endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule negative (ESAM-) population (KC1) and a minor CD206highESAM+ population (KC2). Both KC1 and KC2 express KC markers, such as C-type lectin domain family 4 member F (CLEC4F) and T-cell membrane protein 4 (Tim4). In fatty liver, the frequency of KC2 was increased, and those KC2 expressed some markers like liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), such as CD31 and ESAM. In addition, KC2 population had a relatively higher expression of CD36, as fatty acid transporter, which was implicated in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, this collaborated group also showed that KC2 can cross-present hepatocellular antigens to prime antiviral function of CD8+ T cells by sensing interleukin-2 (IL-2) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication-competent transgenic mice. Increasing evidence shows that targeting hepatic macrophages can prevent and reverse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a new suggested name metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to include metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases, such as viruses and alcohol. In summary, differentiating specific populations of hepatic macrophages is critically important for the treatment of MAFLD or NAFLD, and their overlaps. Markers specifically expressed on sub-types of hepatic macrophages may be applied for liver disease diagnosis.

scholarly journals Role of Insulin Resistance in MAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4156
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Sakurai ◽  
Naoto Kubota ◽  
Toshimasa Yamauchi ◽  
Takashi Kadowaki
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Many studies have reported that metabolic dysfunction is closely involved in the complex mechanism underlying the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has prompted a movement to consider renaming NAFLD as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Metabolic dysfunction in this context encompasses obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, with insulin resistance as the common underlying pathophysiology. Imbalance between energy intake and expenditure results in insulin resistance in various tissues and alteration of the gut microbiota, resulting in fat accumulation in the liver. The role of genetics has also been revealed in hepatic fat accumulation and fibrosis. In the process of fat accumulation in the liver, intracellular damage as well as hepatic insulin resistance further potentiates inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Increased lipogenic substrate supply from other tissues, hepatic zonation of Irs1, and other factors, including ER stress, play crucial roles in increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis in MAFLD with hepatic insulin resistance. Herein, we provide an overview of the factors contributing to and the role of systemic and local insulin resistance in the development and progression of MAFLD.

scholarly journals Trend for Clinical Use of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The problems among obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), fatty liver, metabolic dysfunction have been prevalent, and diagnostic criteria as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been used in practice. When diagnosing NAFLD, to exclude other related liver diseases was necessary, including excessive alcohol intake. The international experts proposed the proper term from NAFLD to metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MAFLD criteria include the evidence of the presence of hepatic steatosis associated with three situations. They are obesity/overweight, presence of Type 2 DM (T2DM), or metabolic impaired function, which were studied in the light of pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals MAFLD-Epidemiology, Natural History, Outcomes and Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Aimun Raees ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Wasim Jafri
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

Scientists have recently modified the term Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in an attempt to improve the understanding and overall outcomes of the disease. The leaping prevalence and formidable mortality rate of fatty liver disease throughout the world is quite worrisome. Due to the lack of appropriate knowledge of the natural history of disease, suitable pharmacotherapy could never be devised. Thus, the management solely relies on patients’ earnest co-operation with fierce lifestyle changes such as exercise, weight loss and dietary modifications. In this era, it is essential to come up with strategies to curtail the underlying risk factors in order to prevent the rapid progression of MAFLD. In this review, we will discuss the epidemiology of NAFLD and the newly found evidence on.

scholarly journals Clinical Validity of the diagnostic criteria for metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a real-world experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Fouad ◽  
Zeinab Saad ◽  
Ehab Abdel Raheem ◽  
Yasser Abel gany ◽  
Hend Moness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Nafld Fibrosis Score ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Background and Aims: To eliminate the anti-definition of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), positive clinical criteria for metabolic associated fatty liver disease are recently proposed. In this study, we examine the validation and utilization of these criteria. METHODS: Two cohorts of 316 consecutive patients were recruited, including 242 patients previously diagnosed to have NAFLD and 74 patients with concomitant NAFLD and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) The validity of the proposed criteria for MAFLD, namely presence of hepatic steatosis with one of three criteria, overweight/obesity, diabetes or evidence of metabolic dysregulation was assessed. Fibrosis was assessed using, fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). The impact of MAFLD on the clinical outcomes in CHC patients was also investigated. Results: The clinical criteria captured 240 patients (99.2%). 215 (88.8%) met either overweight or diabetes and 25 (10.3%) met the presence of 2 criteria of metabolic dysfunction. In patients, with dual etiologies, in the multivariable analysis adjusting for age, sex, BMI, ALT, AST and diabetes, the presence of MAFLD were significantly associated with increase high FIB-4 score of fibrosis (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.77 [1.49-9.48], P < 0.005) when compared to those with MAFLD only. CONCLUSION: The proposed criteria for diagnosis of MAFLD is well validated and easily applicable to the entire spectrum of disease including non-obese subjects. Patients with lean MAFLD have favorable metabolic and fibrosis characteristics compared to their obese counterpart, while patients with concomitant MAFLD and CHC had severe metabolic and fibrosis characteristics compared to patients with MAFLD alone.

Applicability of the New Criteria for Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MALFD) in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Elizondo Martín ◽  
◽  
Rey Romina and Gerona Solange ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease affects 1/3 to ¼ of the world’s population. Currently this pathology is being redefined by using the acronym MALFD (Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease) and the possibility of new criteria for its diagnosis is being discussed. Methodology: Prospective and descriptive studies carried out between July 2018 and June 2020 where the applicability of the new criteria in MAFLD diagnosis were valued. Patients with NAFLD (Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) were enrolled in clinics specialized in this pathology. Results: Out of 172 patients enrolled, 96.4% (this represents a total of 165 patients) presented obesity, were over weighted and or presented Diabetes Mellitus. The rest of the patients (a total of 7) presented high blood pressure and or dyslipidemia. Moreover, it was observed that the higher the obesity index the higher the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusions: The criteria for the diagnosis of MAFLD are adaptable in patients with a diagnosis of NAFLD from the first consultation and allow the assessment of prognostic elements of the disease. This would allow us to intervene at very early stages which could impact patient’s prognosis

Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction in first episode schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders: a 3-year prospective randomized interventional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 3947-3952 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Morlán-Coarasa ◽  
María Teresa Arias-Loste ◽  
Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz ◽  
Obdulia Martínez-García ◽  
Carmen Alonso-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document