scholarly journals A Methodology to Investigate Powered Two-Wheeler Rider’s Comfort over Road Sections with Skew Superelevation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 592-599
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Lemonakis ◽  
George Kaliabetsos ◽  
Nikolaos Moisiadis ◽  
Nikolaos Eliou
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Car Suspension ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
Suspension Model ◽  
Two Wheeler

The proper surface water drainage not only affects vehicle movement dynamics but also increases the likelihood of an accident since inadequate drainage is associated with potential hydroplaning and splash and spray driving conditions. Nine solutions have been proposed to address hydroplaning in sections with inadequate drainage e.g. augmented superelevation and longitudinal slope, reduction of runoff length, and skew superelevation. The latter has been extensively implemented in highways recently, enhancing the safety level in the applied road segments regarding the effective drainage of the rainwater. However, the concept of the skew superelevation has raised concerns regarding the level of driver’s comfort when traveling over skew superelevation sections particularly with high speeds. These concerns were alleviated through the concept of the round-up skew superelevation which reduces both the lateral and the vertical acceleration imposed on the drivers and hence, improves comfort and traffic safety. The present study investigates the behaviour of power two-wheeler riders since they are susceptible to any changes on the pavement surface and therefore a comparison between the traditional superelevation practice and the skew superelevation concept is of paramount importance. The methodology is based on the utilization of sophisticated software to design the model of the road for several values of longitudinal slopes. Based on the values of the slopes and the use of mathematical equations, the accelerations imposed on the wheel of the motorcycle were calculated. Since the final aim of the study is the influence of the skew superelevation to the rider, it was deemed necessary to convey the calculated accelerations from the wheel to the rider. That was accomplished by implementing the quarter car suspension model adjusted to the features of two-wheeler vehicles. Finally, the accelerations derived from this process evaluated according to specific thresholds based on the literature which correspond to certain levels of comfort. The most important conclusion drawn is that the comfort of the riders is not dependent to a great extent on the form of the road gradient because the vertical acceleration imposed on the riders took similar values regardless of the value of the longitudinal slope.

scholarly journals Influence of Legislation on Road Traffic Safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Marijan Rajsman ◽  
Georg-Davor Lisicin
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basic Hypothesis

The objective of this paper is to analyse road traffic safety in the Republic of Croatia based on the selected indicators which were used by the legislator in bringing the Law on Road Traffic Safety which has been in force since 28 July 2004, and the achieved effects in reaching the desired safety level in the three-year period from 2005 to 2007. The aim of the research is to establish a prognostic trend of the values of the studied indicators in the time period following the enforcement of new legal regulations. Adequate safety indicator values for the respective period were analyzed using the methods of analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics as well as trend assessment based on the found mathematical prognostic models. Based on the results of this research it was found that the basic hypothesis according to which the implementation of new legal guidelines had to result in positive change in the condition of road traffic safety, failed to be confirmed. A change in the road traffic safety improvement strategy has been proposed as well as a more significant participation and recognition of the profession and science in this field which is of great significance for the society. KEY WORDS: influence of legal regulations, road traffic safety, effects and tendencies

ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS FOR DRIVING UNDER THE ALCOHOL INFLUENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (74) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jana Zīle
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Administrative Sanctions

The relative indicators of road traffic safety in Latvia are still amongst the worst in the EU Member States, despite the fact that the road safety level improvement rate in Latvia is one of the best in the European Union. Despite the reduction of severity of road accidents, it is still higher than the best national figures of EU. The publication examines the sanctions for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotic or other intoxicating substances and their impact on traffic safety in Latvia, court statistics is analysed. The authors also provide their proposals for improving the situation.

Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety in Huai Yin District of Jinan City Based on AHP

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 1167-1171
Author(s):  
Ya Fei Wang ◽  
Dong Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Jinan City

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which needs less information and shorter time on decision-making, is selected for road traffic safety evaluation in this paper. Combined with the instance in Huai Yin district of Jinan city, the structural model that includes road conditions, intersections, straight sections, bends and ramps is proposed. Delphi method was used to construct the judgment matrix and then the MATLAB was used to calculate the corresponding weights of the various index of the entire road system. Combined with self-assessment of each index, then the safety level of the road is figured out.

scholarly journals EVALUASI DRAINASE JALAN PONDOK BARU – PERMATA KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH KM. 4+200 SAMPAI DENGAN KM. 10+522

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-940
Author(s):  
Matjakriandi Matjakriandi ◽  
Alfiansyah Yulianur ◽  
Muhammad Isya
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Discharge Plan ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: The road is a transportation infrastructure that is essential for humans. The road connects a community of people in a region with other regions, one important aspect for highway construction was securing the road from the water, either from rain or from a side-street drainage impact on the road surface damage. Bener Meriah district, a mountainous region with an altitude of 100 meters above sea level up to 2,500 meters, with a fairly high rainfall. Road conditions on the slopes and foothills affect the slope of the road longitudinal slope and drainage in the rainy season the road so much going drainage is not functioning properly. Water flows and puddles on the pavement as well as the water flows out of the drainage caused by slope which was great so happens scouring the drainage, plus more water falling from the slopes directly to the pavement without any treatment, for it was necessary to do research that aims to identify capacity of the existing road drainage network, knowing and planning network capacity as well as the road drainage slope drainage is needed so that the roads are not inundated by rain water discharge. The research was conducted on roads Pondok Baru - Permata on Sta.4 + 200 s / d Sta10 + 522. The method used in this research was the average algebra as well as to get a discharge plan and dimension using numerical equations rational modification with a system of trial and error, to come to the rain plan period of 5 years is 184 mm. Existing drainage conditions based on calculations obtained an average drainage discharge  1.52 m3 / sec and the discharge count  0.52 m3 / sec flow rate of water drainage on average at 7.54 m / sec speeds exceeding 1.5 license m / sec. Having calculated back then obtained an average discharge chute  0.519 m3 / sec and the discharge count  0,517 m3 / sec at the speed of average water flow of 1.31 m / sec, drainage on roads Pondok Baru - Permata diredesign necessary. Abstrak: Jalan merupakan infrastruktur transportasi yang sangat penting bagi manusia. Jalan menghubungkan suatu komunitas masyarakat di suatu wilayah dengan wilayah lain, salah satu aspek penting untuk konstruksi jalan raya adalah mengamankan jalan dari air, baik dari air hujan maupun dari drainase samping jalan yang berdampak terhadap kerusakan permukaan jalan. Kabupaten Bener Meriah merupakan daerah pegunungan dengan ketinggian dari permukaan laut 100 meter sampai dengan 2.500 meter, dengan curah hujan yang cukup tinggi. Kondisi jalan yang berada di lereng dan kaki gunung mempengaruhi terhadap kemiringan memanjang jalan dan kemiringan drainase jalan sehingga pada musim hujan banyak terjadi drainase tidak berfungsi dengan baik. Air mengalir dan tergenang di perkerasan jalan serta air mengalir dengan cepat pada drainase yang disebabkan oleh slope yang besar sehingga terjadi gerusan pada drainase, ditambah lagi air jatuh dari lereng  langsung ke perkerasan jalan tanpa ada penanganan, untuk hal itu perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kapasitas jaringan drainase jalan yang ada, mengetahui dan merencanakan kapasitas jaringan drainase jalan serta drainase lereng yang dibutuhkan agar jalan tidak tergenang oleh debit air hujan. Penelitian ini di lakukan pada ruas jalan Pondok Baru – Permata pada Sta.4+200 s/d Sta10+522. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode rata-rata aljabar serta untuk mendapatkan debit rencana dan dimensi menggunakan metode rasional modifikasi persamaan numeris dengan sistem trial and error, didapat untuk hujan rencana periode 5 tahun yaitu 184 mm. Kondisi drainase eksisting berdasarkan perhitungan didapat debit drainase rata-rata QS  1,52 m3/detik dan  debit hitung QT 0,52 m3/detik dengan kecepatan aliran air rata-rata pada drainase 7,54 m/detik yang melebihi kecepatan izin 1,5 m/detik. Setelah dihitung kembali maka didapatkan debit saluran rata-rata QS  0,519 m3/detik dan debit hitung QT 0,517 m3/det dengan kecepatan aliran air rata-rata 1,31 m/detik, drainase pada ruas jalan Pondok Baru – Permata perlu dilakukan desain.

scholarly journals Variation of reaction forces on the axles of the road train depending on road longitudinal slope

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 05030
Author(s):  
Shaukat Khakimov ◽  
Erkin Fayzullaev ◽  
Azimjon Rakhmonov ◽  
Rustam Samatov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Front Axle ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Design Diagram ◽  
On The Road

The article discusses the influence of the road longitudinal slope on variation in reaction forces on the wheels of the road train. The description of the longitudinal slope of the road and methods of its determination are given. The design diagram of the forces and moments acting on the road train during its movement uphill and downhill is presented. Equations for calculating the change in the load on the three axles of the road train, depending on the longitudinal slope of the road and the mode of movement, are presented. Based on the calculation results, graphs were constructed to illustrate the change in loads on three axles of the road train. The results show that the changes in the normal reactions on the front axle of the road train are significant, affecting the braking properties and driving safety of the vehicle. The scheme for calculating the variation in loads on the axles of a road train can be used to automatically adjust the braking forces between the wheels depending on the loads and thereby ensure traffic safety.

scholarly journals Evaluation Method of Traffic Safety Maintenance of High-Grade Highway

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yanfei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Correlation Degree

AbstractWith the evolution of better highway services and larger traffic volume, the traditional maintenance management indicators can no longer satisfy the demands of highway traffic safety. In order to ensure timely, fast, safe, and reliable highway maintenance and repair, this paper proposes a road traffic safety maintenance evaluation method. The fuzzy maintenance evaluation method based on the gray correlation degree is used to construct the safety maintenance evaluation model. The damaged characteristics of the high-grade highway components are analysed. The parameters of the evaluation model are established using the analytic hierarchy process, and the accuracy of the model is verified through experiments. The results show that the safety service level can intuitively measure the maintenance and repair status of various transportation facilities. When the safety level is 1 (above 87 points) or 2 (above 85 points), the road maintenance and repair are in good condition and the road users have a high level of satisfaction on safety; when the safety level is 3 or 4 (80 points or less), it reflects that there are weak links in the road components, and targeted maintenance repairs are required. The results provide references for highway safety maintenance decision-making and improvement of highway traffic safety services to some extent.

Quarter Car Suspension Model with Provision for Loss of Contact with the Road

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-208
Author(s):  
Ali Khazaie ◽  
Najiullah Hussaini ◽  
Hormoz Marzbani ◽  
Reza N. Jazar
Keyword(s):  
The Road ◽  
Car Suspension ◽  
Loss Of Contact ◽  
Quarter Car ◽  
Suspension Model

Design and Evaluation of K-Pass: A Bicycle-Friendly Modification of Speed Bumps

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (36) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Vinod Vasudevan ◽  
Aniruddha Rajurkar ◽  
Rahul Soni ◽  
Akhil Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Speed Humps

Traffic safety is a major concern across the world. Since speed is a major cause of traffic crashes, various traffic calming measures are used to enhance the safety of the road users in urban areas. Speed humps and bumps are the most widely used traffic calming devices. As a considerable number of bicyclists use the road along with motorized users, it is important to consider them while deploying any traffic calming devices. Studies have shown that bicyclists experience significantly larger discomfort as compared to motorized vehicles while passing over speed humps. In this study, a modification has been proposed to enhance riding comfort of bicyclists without compromising the traffic calming attribute of a speed bump. This modification is named “K-pass.” Analysis of data collected before and after the modification justifies the effectiveness in reducing the discomfort of bicyclists. Over a period of eight months, 70% of the bicyclists chose to use K-pass. Data also revealed that a high proportion of motorized two-wheeler users also used the K-pass at reduced speeds. It is expected that the K-pass will be a useful modification to the existing speed humps and speed bumps in areas where bicycle usage is expected.

Unscented Kalman-filter to manage the handling-comfort trade-off of quarter-of-vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110317
Author(s):  
Alhelou Muhammed ◽  
Alexander Gavrilov I
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Vertical Acceleration ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Road ◽  
Intermediate Variable ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Car Suspension

This paper investigates managing the comfort-handling trade-off of a quarter car suspension system using a Kalman filter. Using the unscented Kalman filter, the adapted feedback input signal is extracted based on the vertical acceleration signals of the chassis and wheel. Considering the chassis acceleration signal as the primary feedback to maintain a required comfort level, it is continuously adapted to keep an acceptable level of road handling. Compared with the traditional methods, which rely on the combination of the two modes of comfort and handling through an intermediate variable to manage the contradiction, this method focuses on comfort and improves the process of the road handling automatically. The proposed strategy is evaluated using simulation in MATLAB and the results show the feasibility of this method in managing the handling-comfort trade-off. In addition, mathematical relationships that allow this control strategy to be derived were shown. Moreover, the effects of road disturbances amplitudes and road quality on the performance of the proposed control strategy were investigated. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the hybrid-hook and the results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

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