Survey and Design Consistency Evaluation in Two-Lane Rural Road Segments

The present research proposes a time and cost-effective methodology to survey and perform a design consistency evaluation in two-lane rural road segments. The implementation of the proposed methodology carried out in Central Greece and more particularly along the national road Volos-Karditsa, from the local community Mikrothives up to the entrance of the Volos municipal unit. The road survey methodology, the process of creating the terrain model as well as the cross-check between the designed road with the requirements included in the Greek Road Design Guidelines Manual-Chapter X, are analytically presented. Similar checks are also performed for the sight distance throughout the road segments aiming to enable the rehabilitation of existing rural roads and enhance their safety level. The design of the road was followed by the execution of an experiment with the participation of a motorcycle rider aiming at the recording of his trajectory throughout the road which was then compared with its geometry. The experiment carried out by exploiting an instrumented vehicle and GPS technology. Several conclusions were drawn regarding the encroachment of the centerline and the deviation from the theoretical trajectory in the middle of the travelled way. Subsequently, the proposed methodology provides a reliable and simple solution of surveying and evaluating a 2-lane rural road in safety terms.

Design and Implementation of High Speed and Low Power 12-bit SAR ADC using 22nm FinFET

Successive Approximation Register (SAR) Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) architecture comprises of sub modules such as comparator, Digital to Analog Converter and SAR logic. Each of these modules imposes challenges as the signal makes transition from analog to digital and vice-versa. Design strategies for optimum design of circuits considering 22nm FinFET technology meeting area, timing, power requirements and ADC metrics is presented in this work. Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) based comparator, 12-bit two stage segmented resistive string DAC architecture and low power SAR logic is designed and integrated to form the ADC architecture with maximum sampling rate of 1 GS/s. Circuit schematic is captured in Cadence environment with optimum geometrical parameters and performance metrics of the proposed ADC is evaluated in MATLAB environment. Differential Non Linearity and Integral Non Linearity metrics for the 12-bit ADC is limited to +1.15/-1 LSB and +1.22/-0.69 LSB respectively. ENOB of 10.1663 with SNR of 62.9613 dB is achieved for the designed ADC measured for conversion of input signal of 100 MHz with 20dB noise. ADC with sampling frequency upto 1 GSps is designed in this work with low power dissipation less than 10 mW.

A New Biomedical Image Denoising Method Using an Adaptive Multi-resolution Technique

In the world of digital image processing, image denoising plays a vital role, where the primary objective was to distinguish between a clean and a noisy image. However, it was not a simple task. As a consequence of everyone's understanding of the practical challenge, a variety of methods have been presented during the last few years. Of those, wavelet transformer-based approaches were the most common. But wavelet-based methods have their own limitations in image processing applications like shift sensitivity, poor directionality, and lack of phase information, and they also face difficulties in defining the threshold parameters. As a result, this study provides an image de-noising approach based on Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD). This project's main purpose is to disintegrate noisy images based on their frequency and construct a hybrid algorithm that uses existing de-noising techniques. This approach decomposes the noisy picture into numerous IMFs with residue, which were subsequently filtered independently based on their specific properties. To quantify the success of the proposed technique, a comprehensive analysis of the experimental results of the benchmark test images was conducted using several performance measurement matrices. The reconstructed image was found to be more accurate and pleasant to the eye, outperforming state-of-the-art denoising approaches in terms of PSNR, MSE, and SSIM.

Deep Learning Based Multi-Modal Biometric Security System Using Visible Light Communication

Multi-biometric system is an advanced technology which has a wide application space in the field of information security. This work proposes the design of a personal identification system based on a combination of biometric inputs such as face, finger vein, iris and fingerprint. Viola jones algorithm is used for face detection. Convolutional neural network (CNN) with different optimisers are used to steeply raise the image texture and extract high definition distinct features of the input images. The deep dream image algorithm accompanies CNN by visualizing these images and by highlighting the image features learnt by the network. These images are used for understanding and diagnosing network behaviour. This network obtains a high recognition rate, which proves to be better performing than traditional algorithms. In addition to these, a high-speed advanced wireless communication technology (Li-Fi) is used in combination with GSM which would act as an alert system that effectively helps in notifying the supervisory authority, if the system is being trespassed without proper authentication.

A Novel low power 2-D to 3-D Array Priority Encoder using Split-Logic Technique for Data Path Applications

In this work, an ascendable low power 64-bit priority encoder is designed using a two-directional array to three-directional array conversion, and Split-logic technique and 6-bit is obtained as the output. By using this method, the high performance priority encoder can be achieved. In the conventional priority encoder, a single bit is set as an input, but for a priority encoder with 3-Darray, every input are specified in the matrix form. The I-bit input file is split hooked on M × N bits, similar to 2-D Matrix. In priority encoder with 3-Darray, three directional output comes out, unlike traditional priority encoder, where the output is received from one direction. The development can be achieved by implementing the two-directional array to three-directional array technique. Simulation results show that the proposed 2-D and 3-D priority encoder consumes 0.087039mW and 0.184014mW which is less when compared with the conventional priority encoder. The priority encoders are simulated and synthesized using VHDL in Xilinx Vivado version 2019.2 and the Oasys synthesis tool.

Robust Image Compression Algorithm using Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform

The discrete fractional Fourier transform become paradigm in signal processing. This transform process the signal in joint time-frequency domain. The attractive and very important feature of DFrCT is an availability of extra degree of one free parameter that is provided by fractional orders and due to which optimization is possible. Less execution time and easy implementation are main advantages of proposed algorithm. The merit of effectiveness of proposed technique over existing technique is superior due to application of discrete fractional cosine transform by which higher compression ratio and PSNR are obtained without any artifacts in compressed images. The novelty of the proposed algorithm is no artifacts in compressed image along with good CR and PSNR. Compression ratio (CR) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) are quality parameters for image compression with optimum fractional order.

Modelling Three Dimensional Gene Regulatory Networks

We consider the three-dimensional gene regulatory network (GRN in short). This model consists of ordinary differential equations of a special kind, where the nonlinearity is represented by a sigmoidal function and the linear part is present also. The evolution of GRN is described by the solution vector X(t), depending on time. We describe the changes that system undergoes if the entries of the regulatory matrix are perturbed in some way.

Modeling the Impact of Screening on the Transmission Dynamics of Human Papillomavirus with Optimal Control

In this study, a nonlinear deterministic mathematical model of Human Papillomavirus was formulated. The model is studied qualitatively using the stability theory of differential equations. The model is analyzed qualitatively for validating the existence and stability of disease ¬free and endemic equilibrium points using a basic reproduction number that governs the disease transmission. It's observed that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation and the sensitivity analysis is performed. The optimal control problem is designed by applying Pontryagin maximum principle with three control strategies viz. prevention strategy, treatment strategy, and screening strategy. Numerical results of the optimal control model reveal that a combination of prevention, screening, and treatment is the most effective strategy to wipe out the disease in the community.

On Modelling the Structural Quasiness of Complex Systems

Complex systems are usually represented by invariant models which at most admit only parametric variations. This approach assumes invariant idealized simplifications to model these systems. This standard approach is considered omitting crucial features of phenomenological interaction mechanisms related to processes of emergence of such systems. The quasiness of the structural dynamics that generate emergence of complex systems is considered as the main feature. Generation achieved through prevalently coherent sequences and combinations of interactions. Quasiness (dynamics of loss and recovery, equivalences, inhomogeneity, multiplicity, non-regularity, and partiality) represents the incompleteness of the interaction mechanisms, incompleteness necessary even if not sufficient for the establishment of processes of emergence. The emergence is extinguished by completeness. Complex systems possess local coherences corresponding to the phenomenological complexity. While quasi-systems are not necessarily complex systems, complex systems are considered quasi-systems, being not always systems, not always the same system, and not only systems. It is addressed the problem of representing the quasiness of coherence (quasicoherence), such as the ability to recover and tolerate temporary levels of incoherence. The main results of the study focus on research approaches to model quasicoherence through the changing of rules in models of emergence. It is presented a version of standard analytical approaches compatible with quasiness of systemic emergence and related mathematical issues. The same approach is considered for networks, artificial neural networks, and it is introduced the concept of quasification for fixed models. Finally, it is considered that suitable representations of structural dynamics and its quasiness are needed to model, simulate, and adopt effective interventions on emergence of complex systems.

Virtual Reality Implementation for University Presentation

The purpose of this study is to apply virtual reality technology for university presentation, so that evaluate if it is useful and usable. Due to the pandemic situation, the topic is also relevant to the current situation as many universities have shifted to online classes. With 3D modelling and coding, a university presentation application (only for computer engineering department) with virtual reality base has been developed that will allow the user to navigate around the school building and its surroundings. Because the developed application uses a new technology, it is designed to be convenient and simple considering that it can be difficult to use. Application allows movement in this virtual world according to constraints, as well as providing sound warnings when necessary. The application tested with a helmeted display, represented by Google Cardboard, with two lenses in it and a groove for the phone. The limited experiments by different users showed that the application was impressive, although it was not easy to use devices efficiently for an unexperienced user. On the other hand, with emerging technologies, it is possible develop such applications as web application using Unity WebVR Assests which will make it easy of use.