Sustainable development and ethics question vision finality

The problem of sustainable development emerged in today’s environmental crisis is mainly caused by the Western modernist model of consumption. The later fails to preserve the environment and keeps its promises for sustaining it.Their failure questions, in myriad of ways, the ethical dimensions of human attachment to their environment. The present paper aims at investigating the contribution of people’s ethical commitment in protecting the environment in creating the fair balance between the demands of present generations and the future generations. It attempts also to approach the question of sustainable development from applied philosophy and Islamic ethics perspectives. The study uses the analytical and descriptive method to deal with the problematic relationship between ethics and sustainable development. It concludes that the lack of the environmental ethics hinders establishing a sustainable development for our environment.

Family Law in the Context of a New Social Reality Formation: Doctrinal Principles of Law Enforcement

Improving the legal regulation of family relations involves the search and implementation of new social, organizational, legal and other measures to support the functioning of the traditional institution of the family. At the same time, family legislation does not always take into account modern trends in the life of society, which to a certain extent hinders the exercise and protection of family rights, as well as ensuring a fair balance of interests of participants in family and other relationships. In this sense, in some cases, higher courts react most effectively, taking into account even minor changes in social reality in a timely manner.The transformation of the family law in the context of changing social reality is based on two conceptual principles: firstly, the preservation of traditional family values of Russian society and, as a consequence, the reflection of such at the legislative level and in judicial practice, and secondly, legislative and law enforcement response to the latest social practices. These principles of transformation of family law complement each other, allowing us to take into account the public demands of various social groups.The main directions of the modern transformation of family law, reflected in judicial practice, include the following. First, the expansion of the sphere of family law regulation of public relations is due to the complexity of the system of social relations. Second, it is the expansion of the system of intersectoral relations of family law, caused by the complexity of the legal regulation of public relations in general. Its consequences are a shift in emphasis in ensuring a fair balance of interests of participants in family and other legal relations, the strengthening of civil law principles in the regulation of family relations, giving traditional family law institutions new optional properties and purpose, including the penetration of public legal goals in the private legal field of family life. Third, it is to ensure gender balance in family relations at the law enforcement level.

Article 18—Principle of Appropriate and Proportionate Remuneration

This discusses Article 18 of the European copyright directive, Directive 2019/790, which sets forth the principle of appropriate and proportionate remuneration. It instructs Member States to ensure that authors and performers are entitled to receive appropriate and proportionate remuneration their exclusive rights are licensed or transferred for the exploitation of their works or other subject matter. It also highlights the liberty of Member States to use different mechanisms and take into account the principle of contractual freedom and a fair balance of rights and interests. The chapter clarifies that authors and performers tend to be in the weaker contractual position when they grant a licence or transfer their rights for the purposes of exploitation in return for remuneration. It explains how protection does not arise where the contractual counterpart acts as an end user and does not exploit the work or performance itself.

Article 7—Common Provisions

This chapter discusses the common provisions in Article 7 of Directive 2019/790, the European directive on copyright. It explains the application of the Directive to special cases that do not conflict with the normal exploitation of works or other subject matter and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the rightholders. It also seeks to achieve a fair balance between the rights and interests of authors, other rightholders, and users. The chapter mentions the protection of technological measures established in Directive 2001/29/EC, which remains essential to ensure the protection and the effective exercise of the rights granted to authors and other rightholders under Union law. It stresses the maintenance of protection while ensuring the use of technological measures that do not prevent the enjoyment of the exceptions and limitations provided in Directive 2019/790.

Article 5—Use of Works and Other Subject Matter in Digital and Cross-Border Teaching Activities

This chapter analyzes Article 5 of Directive 2019/790, copyright directive of the Digital Single Market in Europe. It discusses the use of works and other subject matter for the sole purpose of illustration for teaching through secure electronic environments that occur solely in the Member State where the educational establishment is founded. It also mentions the task of Member States to provide fair compensation for rightholders for the use of their works or other subject matter. The chapter explores the exceptions and limitations outlined in Directive 2019/790, which seek to achieve a fair balance between the rights and interests of authors, other rightholders, and users. It cites the protection of technological measures established in Directive 2001/29/EC that remains essential to ensure the protection and the effective exercise of the rights granted to authors and to other rightholders under the Union law.

Article 4—Exception or Limitation for Text and Data Mining

This chapter focuses on Article 4 of Directive 2019/790, the European copyright directive, which require Member States to provide for an exception or limitation for reproductions and extractions of works and other subject matter for the purposes of text and data mining. It talks about digital technologies that permit new types of uses that are not clearly covered by the existing Union rules on exceptions and limitations in the fields of research, innovation, education, and preservation of cultural heritage. It also describes the optional nature of exceptions and limitations that could negatively impact the functioning of the internal market. The chapter discusses the exceptions and limitations provided in Directive 2019/790 that seek to achieve a fair balance between the rights and interests of authors, other rightholders, and users. It clarifies that text and data mining can be carried out in relation to mere facts or data that are not protected by copyright.

Re-thinking gig economy in conventional workforce post-COVID-19: a blended approach for upholding fair balance

PurposeDespite the trend, managing and maximizing the effectiveness of blended workforce is not well-understood. The purpose of this paper is to institutionalize a blended workforce model in the post-COVID era, that is, a movement from homogenous workforce to heterogenous workforce of full-time employees working in tandem with gig talents connected via digital platforms.Design/methodology/approachThe evolution of gig economy is presented for contextualizing the development of prospective business models in the post-COVID era to establish clarity on the relationship between the employers and the blended workforce. To achieve this conceptual switch, a framework is proposed to support this type of workforce for creating a fair balance.FindingsBy drawing on the concepts of various talent management functions, propositions were made predicting that the alignment of the multilateral activities of the gig workers with permanent workforce will be leveraged in the future to address the needs of short-term specialized skill-sets and scalable operations while creating a fair balance through a flexible and agile workforce.Originality/valueFirst, the paper explores how bridging the gap between the traditional and gig workforce can impact the key antecedents of a blended workforce ensuring a fair trial. Second, on an economical level, the COOKIE framework proposed in the paper is expected to play a crucial role in creating new job opportunities, boosting employee morale while minimizing costs and increasing productivity of the organizations.

War Against Bulgaria

The chapter describes the approach of the three claimants to territory in Macedonia, and how Bulgaria, an ally in the first Balkan War, broke with her two allies and attacked them, provoking the second. Greek opposition parliamentarians criticized Venizelos savagely for alleged weakness towards Bulgaria and for abandoning Greek communities to their fate, but since the second war was in progress, he had little difficulty in justifying the former alliance. Greece cleared Salonika of Bulgarians and advanced to occupy much of eastern Macedonia. Attacked on three fronts, the Bulgarians retreated. The Turks won back territory and the Romanians too made territorial gains. Once the outcome was clear there was a new row. Constantine wanted to exploit Greece's position to crush Bulgaria by dictating a harsh piece on the field of battle. Venizelos, under pressure from the Powers, wanted to agree a peace that reflected a fair balance of strength in the Balkans. With help from the exhausted Greek army, and from the Kaiser, he won his point in negotiations at Bucharest and secured the important Aegean port Kavalla for Greece. This war had been brutal and the outcome was a catastrophe for Bulgaria, leaving her looking for revenge.

From timely exegesis to contemporary ecclesiology: Relevant hermeneutics and provocative embodiment of faith in a corona-defined world – Generosity during a pandemic

In a world where economies have no moral conscience, biblical theologians can challenge local cultures with ancient wisdom about generosity and equity. Systemic solutions require changes in the habits of virtue, and this study focuses on the habit of generosity. Building on the work of Stephan Joubert’s Paul as Benefactor, this study concentrates on Paul’s collection in one notable instance: what he says about generosity in 2 Corinthians 8-9 and, in particular, what he means by isotēs in 2 Cor 8:13–15. Does it mean “equality” or “equity”? Beginning with a reinvigorated interest in the economic vision of the apostle Paul about what is meant by “weak” and “good works” and what the Pastoral Epistles communicate with eusebeia (not “godliness” but “social respectability and civility”), we reconsider the collection as an act on the part of the Pauline mission churches to express more than ecclesial unity. This act embodied a theology of grace in mutual reciprocity and in equitable provision on the part of the wealthy for the poor, not least and not limited to those in their own Christian assemblies. The term isotēs is too easily glossed over when translated as “fair balance”, “fairness”, and so the translation of the term with “equity” or “equality” comes closest to the vision of the apostle. Too few studies on this term baptize it sufficiently in the economics of the ancient world and the early Christian radical vision of siblingship and family.Contribution: From the perspective of the Historical Thought and Source Interpretation of the work of Paul, the question of systemic equality or equity is as crucial to navigating the current economic climate as it has ever been. Equality or equity is not limited to Christian communities but following the early church in embodying a theology of grace.