Morphological Studies and Arterial Supply of the Pharynx in the Goat (Capra hiracus)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Lingual Artery ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Palatine Bone ◽  
Palatine Artery

The present work was carried out to give complete information about the anatomy and histology of pharynx in the goat which may be helpful for further studies to both under graduate and post graduate studies. The morphological studies of the pharynx entailed the collection of twenty-four heads together with first two cervical vertebrae from apparently healthy adult goats of both sexes from the Giza governorate. The results showed that the pharynx in goat was an irregular funnel shaped structure. It extended from the caudal end of the horizontal lamina of the palatine bone, extended caudoventrally up to the level of the caudal border of the wing of atlas. The pharyngeal fornix was smooth and concave and divided by the septum pharyngis into two deep narrow cavities. The pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube was crescent shaped slit situated at the caudodorsal part of the lateral wall of the nasopharynx. It was covered medially by a thin mucosal fold (salpingo-pharyngeal fold, contained hyaline cartilage in lamina propria). Both the Tonsilla pharyngea and the Tonsilla tubaria observed only microscopically. The oropharynx was short, wide and dilatable. The palatine tonsil was located on the caudal third of the lateral wall of the oropharynx. The pharynx of the goat received its arterial blood supply via the ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine arteries, and the pharyngeal branches of the cranial thyroid, cranial laryngeal and Rr. musculares of the lingual artery. The soft palate is vascularized through lesser palatine artery, in addition to the branches of the pterygoid artery of the maxillary artery. The results obtained were discussed with the available literature in different animals.

scholarly journals The branches of the descending palatine artery and their relation to the vomeronasal organ inAngoragoats

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Besoluk ◽  
E. Eken ◽  
S. Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Sphenopalatine Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Palatine Artery ◽  
Fine Branch

The aim of this study was to reveal the branches of the descending palatine artery, and its relation to the vomeronasal organ inAngoragoats. For this purpose, ten heads of adultAngoragoats obtained from a slaughterhouse were used. The ramifications of the latex enjected descending palatine artery and their vomeronasal organ-related findings were revealed by fine dissection and transverse sections. Arterial blood reached the caudally vomeronasal organ primarily via the sphenopalatine artery, and also cranially via a fine branch of the major palatine artery by crossing the palatine fissure. The average diameters of both the descending palatine artery and its branches were thicker on the left side than on the right, and its ramifications were not variable in this species.

Cerebral blood flow and behavior during brain stimulation in the goat

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. H495-H499
Author(s):  
M. Manrique ◽  
E. Alborch ◽  
J. M. Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Internal Maxillary Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cerebral blood flow, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and behavior were studied in conscious goats during electrical stimulation of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. Stimulation of the subthalamic area produced a considerable increase in ipsilateral cerebral blood flow and heart rate, accompanied by either a small or a large increase in systemic arterial blood pressure. Cardiovascular effects were associated with changes in alertness. The increase in cerebral blood flow was partially abolished by previous administration of atropine directly into the internal maxillary artery. Stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation caused a marked increase in blood pressure with no change or with some decrease in cerebral blood flow. After administration of phentolamine into the internal maxillary artery, stimulation produced increase in cerebral blood flow. The behavioral response consisted of restlessness and attempted flight. These results suggest the existence of cholinergic vasodilator and adrenergic vasoconstrictor pathways to cerebral blood vessels that may be stimulated electrically.

Gross Morphological Studies on the Vertebral Column of Indian Eagle Owl (Bubo bengalensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sridevi ◽  
K. Rajalakshmi ◽  
M. Sivakumar ◽  
A. Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Neural Spine ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Eagle Owl

Background: Indian eagle owl known to rotate their necks up to 270 degrees in either direction without injuring their vessels running below the head thereby without cutting off blood supply to their brains. The vertebral column in birds carry peculiar features like higher number of cervical vertebrae due to long mobile neck, lumbar and sacral vertebrae fused together giving rigidity which aid in flight. The extensive fusion of vertebral column posterior to the neck provides the required rigidity in the trunk region, this inflexibility feature might reduce weight, as it avoids the need for extensive musculature to maintain a streamlined and rigid body posture during flight. The current study aimed to study the vertebral column of Indian eagle owl in order to understand the anatomical adaptations related to this species. Methods: The specimens were procured from three Indian eagle owl brought for post mortem examination during the year 2019 to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Puducherry. After completion of the post-mortem examination the carcass was collected and macerated as per the standard technique and various measurements on vertebral column bones were measured using vernier calliper. Result: The study revealed that vertebral column of Indian eagle owl consisted of 14 cervical vertebrae, 7 thoracic vertebrae, 13 to 14 lumbar vertebrae fused with sacral vertebrae forming synsacrum and 7 coccygeal vertebrae. The hypapophyses of the 14th cervical vertebra and first two thoracic vertebrae were trifid in nature specific feature seen in Indian eagle owl. The vertebral column had characteristics features of hypapophyses, transverse process, pneumatic foramen and neural spine which enable the owl to adapt for head rotation and various task involving vertebrae.

Physical Characteristics of Red Cells Collected from the Spleen

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1092-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Groom ◽  
S. H. Song ◽  
P. Lim ◽  
B. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Vascular Channels ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of cell washout, when isolated cat spleens are perfused with Ringer solution, have shown previously that the red cells stored in the spleen correspond to a system of three compartments (fast, intermediate, and slow); morphological studies, at different stages of the washout, have already identified these compartments as free cells in vascular channels, free cells within sinuses, and cells adhering to sinus walls, respectively. By collecting the venous outflow at three particular stages of the washout fairly pure samples (>85%) of the cells from each compartment have now been obtained. We have measured the density (phthalate method), volume, and osmotic changes (Celloscope) of these cells. Cells from the fast and intermediate compartments were not significantly different from those of arterial blood, but cells from the slow compartment were lighter (specific gravity difference was 0.0064; p < 0.01), larger in volume (5.0%; p < 0.01), and swelled 14% less in 200 mOsmol/l (p < 0.01). These differences indicated that cells from the slow compartment might be predominantly younger cells and this has been confirmed by finding reticulocyte counts of 58.0 ± 3.8 (S.E.) %. It is suggested that immature red cells, released from the bone marrow, may be sequestered in the spleen and matured.

scholarly journals Ganglionic eminence within the early developing brain visualized by 3D transvaginal ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Boitor-Borza ◽  
Tunde Kovacs ◽  
Florin Stamatian
Keyword(s):  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Transvaginal Sonography ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Golden Standard

Aim: Early diagnosis of cerebral congenital anomalies requires a profound knowledge of the anatomy of the developing human brain. The ganglionic eminences (GE) are crucial structures of the brain, giving rise mostly to the basal nuclei. The aim of this explorative study is to assess the GE within the embryonic and early fetal brain by using 3D transvaginal US. Material and methods: From March 2015 to May 2015, a total of 18 singleton non-malformed embryos and fetuses at 9-13 weeks of gestation were assesed in vivo by transvaginal ultrasound using a Voluson E10, BT 15 scanner (GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria). The 3D sonography was performed routinely as the subjects were scanned. Inter-observer agreement (concordance) was calculated using the Cohen’s kappa statistics. Results: At 9 gestational weeks, no GE was identified. At 10 gestational weeks the GE were identified as mere thickenings in the lateral wall of the cerebral hemispheres, well depicted by 3D transvaginal ultrasound using the HDlive rendering mode and the OmniView® software. Starting with 11 gestational weeks the GE are evident. The results of inter-observer agreement for GE identification were as follows: observed agreement Po=0.94, expected agreement Pe=0.76, kappa coefficient=0.83, which means a very good agreement between the observers. Conclusions: The GE can be clearly visualized by 3D transvaginal sonography, and especially by HDlive rendering mode. This method has become the “golden standard” for in vivo morphological studies of the embryonic and early fetal brain.

Indications of the Caldwell-Luc procedure in the era of endoscopic sinus surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Andreea Bajan ◽  
Codrut Sarafoleanu ◽  
Violeta-Gabriela Melinte ◽  
Roxana Decuseara
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Maxillary Artery ◽  
Vidian Canal

AbstractSurgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis is indicated after failure of correctly conducted maximal drug therapy or the occurrence of complications. Radical maxillary sinus surgery has been abandoned nowadays, to the detriment of endoscopic sinus surgery, for several reasons, such as: increased incidence of complications, decreased healing rate compared to the endoscopic technique. The literature cites many situations in which the Caldwell-Luc procedure is used as a first-line surgical technique: recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis, malignant tumors of the maxillary sinus extending to the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the pterygomaxillary space, the cases where an extensive approach to the pterygopalatine fossa is required – for ligation of the internal maxillary artery or the approach of the vidian canal in vidian neurectomy.The authors highlight the use of Caldwell-Luc procedure in endoscopic sinus surgery era, by reviewing the complications rates, indications and long-term effectiveness of the two surgical techniques.

scholarly journals Long-Run Success In The Accounting Profession: A Study Of Student Perceptions

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Linda Carrington ◽  
Jeff Harwell ◽  
Philip Morris
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Class Project ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Education Training ◽  
Skills Education ◽  
First Job

Accounting students are generally well aware of the skills, education, and accomplishments needed to get that first job and initially enter the accounting profession. However, it is equally important that accounting students approaching graduation have a good understanding of the skills, education and accomplishments required for an experienced accountant (an accountant who is three, five, or even ten years into their career). Armed with this information, students will be better equipped to make the best decisions as they complete their undergraduate degree and begin their careers. This would include decisions about graduate studies, pursuing certifications, accepting a job in a particular industry or one which provides specific experiences or training. Unfortunately, many students do not have accurate or complete information regarding the requirements for continued, long-run success in the profession. This paper reports the results of a project which (1) measured accounting students perceptions of the education, training, knowledge and experience required for experienced accountants, (2) implemented a class project exposing students to employers requirements for experienced accountants, and (3) measured student perceptions after the project was completed.

Studies in Functional and analytical craniology. 14. Experiments with the decalcified skull of the Leaf Monkey.

1956 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Leaf Monkey ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Palatine Bone

The skull of the monkey was analysed experimentally. The strains around the supraorbital node differ from those in the calf (Tucker 1956c). The lateral wall of the brain case shows depressions related to the forces applied in the glenoidal cavity. The palatine bone in the monkey is replaced functionally by the lateral pterygoid lamina in the squamoso-maxillary tract. Three functional1y different areas at the base of the skull are described and illustrated.

Rates of metabolic acidosis at birth and Apgar score values at 1, 5, and 10 min in term infants: a Swedish cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
Stefan Johansson ◽  
Neda Razaz
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Swedish Cohort

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic acidosis, measured in arterial umbilical cord blood at birth, is the most accepted definition of birth asphyxia. The aim of the study was to investigate the rates of metabolic acidosis across the entire range of Apgar score values (0–10) at 1, 5, and 10 min in term infants.MethodsIn a population-based Swedish cohort of births between 2008 and 2013, we included 85,076 term (≥37 weeks) non-malformed infants with information from umbilical arterial blood gas analyses and complete information on Apgar scores (0–10) at 1, 5, and 10 min.ResultsRates of metabolic acidosis generally decreased with increasing Apgar score values. For Apgar score at 1 min, this decrease was consistent from Apgar score 0 (35%) to Apgar score 10 (0%). For Apgar scores at 5 and 10 min, the decrease was consistent for Apgar score values from 6 to 10.ConclusionAlthough there is a close association between Apgar score values and rates of metabolic acidosis, Apgar score is not and should not be used as a measure of birth asphyxia.

scholarly journals Ultrasound criteria for biomechanical component of local and regional level somatic dysfunction in case of myogenic torticollis

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Novikov ◽  
D. E. Mokhov ◽  
A. R. Shaiakhmetov ◽  
I. E. Salakhov ◽  
A. A. Kinzersky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Atlantoaxial Joint ◽  
Width Difference ◽  
Somatic Dysfunction

Introduction. Myogenic torticollis is the most common injury in children′s musculoskeletal system. Atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation is one of the main reasons for this pathology. In the newborn even a minor injury during pathological delivery can cause this. The ultrasound method allows you to conduct a real time examination and provide the physician by complete information about the state of pulpal nucleus, fi brous ring, and relative position of cervical vertebrae bodies, spinal canal and radicular canals. Also it allows you to estimate neck muscles thickness and area, which is an informative complementary method of osteopathic diagnosis.Goal of research — clarifi cation of the criteria for biomechanical component of local and regional level somatic dysfunction by ultrasound examination of the cervical spine Materials and methods. The paper presents the data of cervical spine ultrasound examination for 57 nursing infants, infants and preschoolers with myogenic torticollis due to birth injury (ICD code X: P 15.8).Results. An ultrasound examination of the cervical spine determined the quantitative parameters of the atlantoaxial joint and the spinal canal, which was 17,57±0,44 mm. By posterior approach, the asymmetric position of the C II odontoid bone with respect to lateral masses of the atlas was determined; a statistically signifi cant width difference in atlantoaxial joint space was revealed (p<0,001). By muscles ultrasound examination, signifi cant thickness differences between left and right larger posterior straight muscles of the head (p<0,05) were found. Signs of instability at the CII–CIII level were detected in all patients, with no instability signs at other levels.Conclusion. The established criteria for ultrasound examination are atlantoaxial joint state, hypermobility of spinal motor segments, as well as muscles thickness and area in region under study. This allows us to verify instrumentally biomechanical SD of both local and regional levels, thus dynamic control over osteopathic treatment effectiveness is possible.

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