scholarly journals FURTHER THOUGHTS ON THE CENTER OF METALWORKING IN NORTH PONTIC REGION IN THE EARLY IRON AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
S. Yа. Olgovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Metal Working ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Foundry Workers

The paper is attempt to identify the hotbed of metalworking in the Northern Black Sea region in the 6th—5th centuries BC. At the same time, an explanation is given that the hotbed of metalworking should be understood not as a complex of specialized metal-working centers, but as a region of similar production with uniform typological, chemical and metallurgical characteristics, and unified production technology. Contrary to outdated claims, the level of foundry in the forest-steppe Scythian centers in the archaic time was incomparably higher than in the Greek colonies, and it was the local craftsmen who provided the population of the Northern Black Sea region with products made of non-ferrous metals. Many craftsmen worked in the off-premise way, that is, they led a mobile (wandering) lifestyle, extending their activities to the Greek colonies. Some alloys, with an admixture of antimony and arsenic in particular, indicate the links of the foundry workers to the mines of the Volga region and the Urals. However, it is not possible to speak of metal coming from there directly into the Greek colonies. There were no trade routes from Olbia to the eastern regions, since no Greek thing is known on any of the monuments of the Ananian culture. On the contrary, Scythian ornaments and weapons are quite common. Therefore, it was through the Scythian merchants and metallurgists that the metal with an admixture of antimony entered the Northern Black Sea region and the Greek colonies in particular.

scholarly journals The Fortresses of Ukraine. The Builders of Early Iron Age Strongholds in Podolia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Marcin Ignaczak ◽  
Yuriy Boltryk ◽  
Oleksandr Shelekhan ◽  
Oksana Lifantii ◽  
Łukasz Olędzki
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Construction Strategy ◽  
Challenging Question

Abstract The most challenging question regarding the defensive settlements of the Pontic forest-steppe is the reason behind their construction at all and size. The most frequent interpretations centre around two questions: were they to protect from external threats (i.e. the nomads) or were they the result of a carefully planned construction strategy related to the economic and social pressure from the Greek colonies in the Black Sea region? It is also possible that both explanations are true.

scholarly journals Neoindustrialization of Former Industrial Regions of Russia: The Example of “Titanium Valley"

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Alexander Burnasov ◽  
Maria Ilyushkina ◽  
Yuri Kovalev ◽  
Anatoly Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Russian economy in the 20th century experienced complex transformational processes. Havingintroduced the principles of a market economy, Russia has found itself under pressures of globalizationand neoindustrialization, which have had an effect on the nation’s industrial structure. Globalization hasexpanded state borders and opened the gates for Russian entrepreneurs to conquer world markets in oiland gas, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, engineering and chemical industries. The Urals region of Russiais developing in a very intensive way. The production cluster known as “Titanium Valley” was formedhere. This article throws light on some of the special features of its activity.

Trace Elements in Ancient Gold Products with PGE Microinclusions from Archaeological Sites of the Urals and North Black Sea Region: LA–ICP–MS Data

Archaeometry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1290-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Zaykov ◽  
I. Y. Melekestseva ◽  
E. V. Zaykova ◽  
D. Fellenger ◽  
D. Motz
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Icp Ms

Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-266
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Daszkiewicz ◽  
Nadezhda Gavrylyuk ◽  
Kirsten Hellström ◽  
Elke Kaiser ◽  
Maya Kashuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

AbstractIn an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.

scholarly journals GOLDEN FINDS FROM «NIKOPOLIAN BARROWS» FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF B. AND V. KHANENKO

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
E. A. Velychko ◽  
Yu. B. Polidovych
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Great Probability ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The City ◽  
Private Collections

The article is devoted to the attribution of objects from the collection of B. and V. Khanenko, which were received in the 1900s. from the market of antiquities as occurring «from the barrows near the city of Nikopol». These are various applicative decorations mostly dated to the 4th century BC. Stylistic analysis allows us to talk about the heterogeneity of this group of products and with great probability to assume that they are associated with predatory excavations of mounds in the steppe Black Sea region, the Crimea, the forest-steppe Dnieper and Middle Don region. Some of the items probably represent finds in the «royal» burial mounds, which broke out in the second half of the nineteenth century by private collections. All assumptions about the attribution of gold finds from the collection of Khanenko are provisional and based mainly on their iconographic analysis. Further research will undoubtedly help clarify, confirm or disprove the conclusions.

scholarly journals «BUDINIA OR SCYTHIA?» THE ETHNIC AND CULTURAL BELONGING OF THE MIDDLE DON POPULATION DURING 5th—4th centuries BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
V. I. Guliaev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Cultural Belonging

For over half a century (since the end of the 1950s), the Scythology has been discussing the location of the Scythian and non-scythian tribes mentioned by Herodotus on a geographical map. After the Scythian-Sarmatian conference in 1952 and the report of B. N. Grakov and A. I. Melyukova, most of archaeologists supported the idea that only the Black Sea steppe belonged to the Scythians, and non-scythian peoples and tribes inhabited the forest-steppe regions of the Northern Black Sea region. In this regard monuments on the Middle Don dated V—IV centuries BC began to be considered Budinia, belonging to the Budinians and Gelonians. P. D. Lieberov interpreted the Budinians as Finno-Ugric tribes. Archaeological research of the last decades (including the widespread use of the methods of the natural sciences) made it possible to revise this idea and return to the M. I. Rostovtsev and A. I. Terenozhkin point of view about the existence of a single large Scythia covering in the VII—IV centuries BC all the Northern Pontic (steppe and forest-steppe) from the Danube to the Don.

scholarly journals Soubor kovových předmětů z doby římské z Boršova na Moravskotřebovsku An Assemblage of Metal Roman Iron Age Artefacts from Boršov in the Moravská Třebová Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 159-192
Author(s):  
David Vích ◽  
Jan Jílek ◽  
Jiří Kmošek ◽  
Marcin J. Biborski ◽  
Mateusz R. Biborski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Hilly Terrain ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Copper Metallurgy ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Alloy Castings ◽  
Metal Detectors

An archaeological situation documented in 2016 in the cadastral territory of Boršov (Svitavy district, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic) contained more than 70 metal artefacts scattered mostly over an area of 5 x 2 m. The finds were made with the use of metal detectors in an otherwise unsettled space in close proximity to defunct roads crossing a sharp local terrain fault. The finds were concentrated on hilly terrain between two slight watercourses. The collection is composed mainly of fragments of intentionally broken artefacts made from a copper alloy, castings of the mouth of casting channels, ingots, as well as craft tools, coins, a fragment of a bronze mould, fibula parts, etc. The assemblage dates to the end of the Marcomannic Wars or the period immediately following them and documents a close relationship with the processing of non-ferrous metals. The assemblage also contains antiques, especially in the form of a La Tène belt hook. Roman Iron Age, Marcomannic Wars, copper metallurgy, imports, roads, ritual activities, Moravia

BURIALS OF WARRIORS-CHARIOTS OF PRE-SCYTHIAN TIME ON CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
S. G. Koltukhov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
European Part ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Eurasian Steppe

This note is sanctified to a short description of materials of two complexes of finds which are descended from burial places of Cimmerians warriors. One of the burials is located on the border of steppe and Foothill Crimea. It was discovered and dug out by archaeologists during the building of Taurida’s route in 2017, part of materials are published in 2018 — 2019. The second burial, which is localized in Steppe Crimea, was destroyed by robbers, and the saved material was purchased by a collector and published in 2017, Complexes are undoubtedly, bright. They are determined as burial places of warriors — riders of the Novocherkassk group of burials of pre-Scythian time. However, it is curious that there were various objects which are typical for the bridle of saddle-horses and for details and harnesses of chariots of VIII century B.C. in both complexes. Similar finds are infrequent, though they are known on Caucasus, rarely they can be found in North Black Sea Region. Chariots appeared in bronze century on the East of Eurasian steppe, however in European part of steppe corridor they appeared later, obviously not earlier than the beginning of iron age.

scholarly journals BRONZE CROSS-SHAPED PLAQUES AS A CHRONOLOGY INDICATOR OF SKYTHIAN KURGANS OF THE NORTH PONTIC REGION OF THE SECOND — THIRD QUARTER OF THE 4th CENTURY BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
S. V. Polin ◽  
М. N. Daragan
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Made In

In the Scythian kurgans of the IVth century BC in the Northern Black Sea region, 31 bronze cruciform plaques were found. Such plaques are found mainly in male graves and much less often in female ones. These plaques were used as quiver buckles and for attaching the quiver to the belt. The main zone of concentration of cross-shaped plaques finds covers is the territory of the Lower Dnieper region, directly to the Dnieper. Apparently, this indicates that they were made in this region, where their place of manufacture could be only Kamenskoe hillfort, which was the center of metallurgy and metalworking in Steppe Scythia. From here they diverged south-east to Sivash within the present-day Kherson region, and much further north to the forest-steppe within the present-day right-bank Cherkasy and left-bank Kiev regions. Cross-shaped plaques are indicators of the advance of the steppe Scythians from the Lower Dnieper region to the north in the Ukrainian forest-steppe, to the west as far as the Lower Danube and very close to the south-east to Sivash. The latter direction, apparently, corresponds to migrations to winter pastures. More than half of all finds of cross-shaped plaques reliably date from within the second to third quarters of the IVth century BC, which gives every reason to assume the same dating for the complexes, where there are no own dating materials. In general, such bronze cross-shaped plaques are a reliable chronological indicator Scythian burials of the Northern Black Sea region of the second — third quarter of the IVth century BC, and also partly ethnic.

scholarly journals Geopolicy of the Black Sea region

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Nevenka Jeftic
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Geographic Position

The author describes historical and contemporary geopolitical position of the Black Sea region. Up to the present times the primary significance of the region has lain in its trade routes and other transit communications that connect Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Having such geographic position the region has been an interest sphere of great powers and regional states and conquerors. Today most of states of the Black Sea region are economically poor, have unstable political systems and burdened with constant and potential explosive problems.

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