scholarly journals THE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION BURIED AT THE SCYTHIAN AGE CEMETERY NEAR SVITLOVODSK CITY (ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
S. I. Kruts ◽  
T. O. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Middle Level ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Village

The anthropological composition of the population buried at the cemetery of the Scythian Age near Svitlovodsk city (Kirovograd region) is analyzed in the paper. The burial ground is located on the border of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe Zones of the Right Bank of the Dnieper. The anthropological material under study comes from cemetery without mounds. Archaeologists date the main massif of burials to the 4th century BC. The anthropological composition of the population that was buried at this burial ground was not homogenous. The male series of skulls is characterized by a long, medium-wide, high, dolichocranic skull. The face is of medium size, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is medium, but with a tendency to the sharp; at the middle level, the face is strongly profiled. The orbital and nasal indexes are medium. The bones of the nose are moderately protruding. The average characteristics of the male population fit into the range of variations of the Scythian series. The male series belongs morphologically and statistically to the circle of the steppe Scythian groups. The male group from the burial ground near the city of Svitlovodsk is close to the series from the Nikolaevka burial ground on the Dnister River, the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Shirokoe (Left Bank of the Dnieper River), the group of skulls from the burial mounds near the village of Vyshchetarassivka, a series of skulls from the Mykhailivka burial ground. Of the forest-steppe series, only the combined group of skulls from the Trypillya region is somewhat close to it. All these statistically and morphologically similar groups originate from different territories. This illustrates the specifics of the settlement and demonstrates the mobility of the Scythian groups. The female series from the burial ground is characterized by a long, narrow, medium-high skull, mesocranic in shape. The size of the face is small, it is mesognathic. The horizontal profile of the face at the upper level is moderate, at the zygomaxilar level it belongs to the category of sharp, but with a tendency to moderate. The orbital index is medium, the nasal index belongs to the large category. The bones of the nose are medium protruding. The female series from Svitlovodsk burial ground turns out to be the most gracile among the Scythian series in Ukraine. For this reason, it differs significantly from the entire massif of the steppe Scythian series. The closest to the Svitlovodsk series is a group from mounds near Nikopol.

scholarly journals GOLD APPLIQUES AFFIXED TO THE WOODEN BOWLS FROM THE PERESCHEPINE BURIAL GROUND NEAR BELSK

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-482
Author(s):  
S. V. Makhortykh
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Bird Of Prey ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Original Interpretation

The article is devoted to the analysis of gold plaques on wooden vessels from the Pereshchepino cemetery near Belsk, which are among the brightest indicators of Scythian culture and mark the distribution of this category of funeral equipment in the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank in the middle — second half of the 5th century BC. Items considered are represented by several subject-stylistic groups, among which there are plaques decorated with geometric patterns (a double row of convex points), and plaques with various zoomorphic motifs (recumbent stag, head of a bird of prey). The images differ in local specificity and have an original interpretation of individual details. First of all, it concerns the motif of recumbent stag, which demonstrate iconographic dynamics and with the involvement of materials from neighboring territories indicate the formation in the «late» V — first decades of the 4th centuries BC a «forest-steppe» type of images of this animal. Objects of animal style from forest-steppe areas of Ukraine are an important component of the Scythian art of Eastern Europe and must be taken into account when analyzing the genesis of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals THE TERRITORY OF THE CENTRAL SCYTHIA (FROM SOLOKHA TO CHORTOMLYK)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Boltryk ◽  
V. M. Okatenko ◽  
G. M. Toscev
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Village

This article is devoted to the extensive description of the environment of the two largest settlement structures of the Eastern European steppes — the Kapuliv and Kamyanka which date V—III centuries BC. These two powerful settlements appeared on the opposite banks near the ancient crossings through the Dnipro. They formed the main core of the Scythian state, in which Kapuliv served as the capital and Kamyanka was its economic partner. Intense life here has arisen from the time of Ariapet’s rule to the life of the descendants of King Ateus. The Scythians chose the best place in the Pontic steppe, where in the zone of floodplain meadows and forests there were numerous straits with lakes surrounded by magnificent pastures. Therefore, along with these two main settlements, on the banks and partly in the floodplain, there were many settlements of the second order. The importance of this zone is emphasized by the accumulation of kurhans and graveyards placed almost symmetrically on different shores. In the immediate surrounding of the settlements there are almost equal in importance burial mounds of the ordinary population. Among them are the burial ground near the village Kut, the Nikopol mound field and the burial ground of Mamay-Gora. The last one is the largest in the Eastern Europe in terms of the number of excavated burials. This graveyard is unique due to five large kurhans, located in one line: three long kurhans and two round in plan. It is possible that there was a general Scythian cult center. Further from the Dnipro there were burial memorials of representatives of the higher social stage, among which were the largest burial mounds of Scythia — Solokha and Chortomlyk. There is a noteworthy mound alley (1.6 km long), which retreated to the west of the Solokha kurhan and turned slightly to the north, where it probably connected with a part of another smaller kurhan alley. Not far from a smaller alley there was the recently opened manufacturing settlement Sorokina Balka. The time of its existence (all IV BC) is recorded by the findings of the coins of the cities of the North Pontus, the Marmara Sea and Macedonia.

Investigations Into the Monuments of the Scythian Period From the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (1980-1990)

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
S.A. Skoryj
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Scythian Period ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
The Right

AbstractExcavations on the right bank of the Dnieper have focused on the basins of the Tyasmin and Ross' rivers in the Kiev and Cherkassy regions. Here there has been intensive excavation of burial mounds (complexes at Tsvetkovo/Zhabotin/Flyarkovo, Lisovichi/Petrovskoe, Ivanovka/Stanislavchik/Ksaverovo/Yasnogore'e, Medvin), less intensive investigation of settlements (Mlynok, Kanev, Matroninskoe). On the left bank of the Dnieper research has concentrated on the Vorskla basin (Poltava region) and in the Cherkassy region. Here settlements (e.g. Bel'skoe/Helon) have received more attention than burials (e.g. at Gladkovshchina).

scholarly journals The Early Eneolithic burial ground at Ekaterinovsky Cape in the forest-steppe Volga region

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Arkadii Korolev ◽  
Anna Kochkina ◽  
Dmitry Stashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Extended Position

The Ekaterinovsky Cape burial ground is located on the territory of the Samara region of Russia on the left bank of the River Volga. The excavation of the burial ground was carried out in 2013–2018. During this time we studied 100 graves, including sacrificial sites with ceramics of collar type and sacrificial complexes. Most of the skeletons were in an extended position on their backs. There are some skeletons on their backs with legs bent at the knees, secondary burials and separate burials of skulls. Ochre was used. The inventory included beads made from shells, stone products, animal teeth, bones and horns. There we distinguished graves with stone sceptres and zoomorphic rods made from the horn. The burial ground belongs to the Samara culture and dates from the second half of the 6th millennium BC.

scholarly journals Late Sarmatian Army Burials of the Berezovsky Barrow Burial Ground in the Middle Don

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-224
Author(s):  
Valeriy Berezutskiy
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Chronological Time ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Introduction. The relevant objective of the research of the Sarmatians in the Don forest-steppe zone is the study of the Late Sarmatian period. It is aggravated both by the lack of the available material and by the absence of Late Sarmatian period burial grounds up until recent years. The excavations of Late Sarmatian grave mounds near Berezovka village in the left bank area of the Middle Don provide the opportunity to challenge the lack of knowledge concerning this period of the Sarmatian history. Methods. The method of analogy dating, the typological and anthropological methods were applied while working on the burial samples of the Late Sarmatian culture found in Berezovka proximity. Analysis. The analyzed objects are two Late Sarmatian burials hidden under the separate grave mounds in the riverside graves. One of them belongs to a 18–20-year-old woman, the other one is associated with a 25–30-year-old man. The burial materials can be dated back to the middle or the second half of the 2nd century AD. Results. The assigning of the considered burials to the Late Sarmatian culture of the middle or the second half of the 2nd century AD sets up possible connection between these grave mounds and the graves preceding the Hunnic invasion (grave mounds 8 and 9 in Berezovka burial sites). The chronological time interval between them is approximately 150 years. Allegedly, the study of the new grave mounds can replenish the chronological void.

scholarly journals YAGORLYK KURGANS OF THE LEFT BANK OF THE DNIESTER: HISTORY OF EXPLORATION, CARTOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
I. V. Sаpоzhnykov ◽  
Yi. V. Boltryk
Keyword(s):  
Local Region ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Trade Route

The article is devoted to the kurgans which are located on the 45 km long cape, formed by the valleys of the Yagorlyk and Sukhyi Yagorlyk rivers, which merge at the left bank of the Dniester. These burial mounds were mentioned and even painted by J. A. Münz (1781), and then described and put on cards by A. K. Meyer and F. P. de Volan (1791). Topographers and archaeologists have noted up to 120 mounds reaching a height of 8—9 m in this local region. Most of them are stretched along the top of the watershed, some groups stand with two parallel lines, a number of chains of kurgans are oriented across the watershed. In general, they mark the site of the ancient trade route, along which it was possible to travel from the Dniester to the north to the forest-steppe; to the east to the Dnipro region and to the south-east to the Danube delta and the Black Sea.

scholarly journals THE POPULATION OF CHERNYAKHIV CULTURE, WHICH IS BURIED IN THE CEMETERY NEAR THE VILLAGE OF VELYKA BUGAIVKA, ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
T. O. Rudych
Keyword(s):  
Female Group ◽  
Mixed Group ◽  
The West ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The Village ◽  
Individual Series

Cemetery of Chernyakhiv culture near the Velyka Buhaivka village was excavated in 1995—2005 by an expedition of O. V. Petrauskas and R. G. Shishkin. During the excavations the anthropological material was obtained. The male series is characterized by a medium-long, narrow, medium-high, dolichocranial cranium. The face is short, narrow, mesognathic. Horizontal face profiling is sharp. Orbits are medium high, the nose is medium wide. The angle of the nasal bones is on the border of medium and large values. The nose is of medium height. According to the results of statistical analysis, the group from Velyka Buhaivka is close to the series from the cemeteries of Romashki, Kurnyky, Ranzheve. The group is closer to the series of Welbark culture Maslomench, Grudek, a bit closer to the Welbark mixed series of the Lower Vistula, than to individual series of Chernyakhiv culture from the territory of Ukraine. The female group is characterized by a long, medium-wide on the border with a wide, medium-high, dolichokranny cranium. The face is medium-wide and medium-high, orthognathic. The orbits were medium high, the nose was medium wide. Horizontal profiling of the face at the upper level is on the border of sharp and moderate, its profiling at the zygomaxillary level is sharp. The angle of the nasal bones is medium, the epiglottis is medium high. According to the results of the analysis, the women’s series from Velyka Buhaivka is closest to the women from Chernyakhiv, Zhuravka, Popivka. From the groups of Polish Welbark culture the mixed group of Slovinsko-Drawska is close to the women from Velyka Buhaivka. The dolichocranium narrow-faced type was dominant in people buried by inhumation. It is recorded in the people buried in the graves accompanied by the grave goods of the phase C2, C2—C3, D1. This type is present both in burials directed with the head to the North, and to the West.

scholarly journals Fishing of Tatars of the Irtysh Forest-Steppe Region in the 19th — Early 21st Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 403-421
Author(s):  
M. N. Tikhomirova ◽  
K. N. Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Irtysh River ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village

The issues of fishing among the West Siberian Tatars living on the territory of the Omsk region in the forest-steppe zone on the left bank of the Irtysh River are considered. The authors dwell on the characteristics of the traditional aquatic areas of the XIX — early XXI century, fishing objects, tools and methods of fishing. It is proved that the fishing of the Tatars in these settlements was an auxiliary branch of the economy in the past and present. It was shown that they fished almost all year round, mainly on lakes, where the main object of fishing was crucian carp. It is concluded that fishing was more developed among residents of settlements in the area of the village of Yalankul. It is shown that the Tatars of the villages in the area of the Ulenkul village are now less engaged in it because of the drying up of water bodies, as well as because of the withdrawal of lakes from nature management for transfer to the hunting farm and the reserve. The novelty of the research is seen in filling the gaps in the study of this topic. The authors note that material was collected about the fishing of the population, which previously consisted mainly of Siberian Bukharians and was actually assimilated by the Tatars.

scholarly journals The Early Eneolithic burial ground at Ekaterinovsky Cape in the forest-steppe Volga region

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
Arkadii Korolev ◽  
Anna Kochkina ◽  
Dmitry Stashenkov
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Extended Position

The Ekaterinovsky Cape burial ground is located on the territory of the Samara region of Russia on the left bank of the River Volga. The excavation of the burial ground was carried out in 2013–2018. During this time we studied 100 graves, including sacrificial sites with ceramics of collar type and sacrificial complexes. Most of the skeletons were in an extended position on their backs. There are some skeletons on their backs with legs bent at the knees, secondary burials and separate burials of skulls. Ochre was used. The inventory included beads made from shells, stone products, animal teeth, bones and horns. There we distinguished graves with stone sceptres and zoomorphic rods made from the horn. The burial ground belongs to the Samara culture and dates from the second half of the 6th millennium BC.

scholarly journals FUNERAL RITE OF THE POPULATION OF THE DNIEPER FOREST-STEPPE LEFT BANK OF THE EARLY SCYTHIAN TIME: VARIANT OF ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-44
Author(s):  
D. S. Grechko
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Orientation ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
The Village ◽  
Burial Grounds

The article is devoted to the results of a cluster analysis of the burials of the Early Scythian time of the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank. Clusters and groups are distinguished which have local and ethno-cultural characteristics. The analysis made it possible to distinguish two large blocks of clusters: the «Posulian» and «Vorklinsky» clusters, which confirmed the previous conclusions of the researchers. An analysis of the orientation of the burials has shown that the population of the Dnieper forest-steppe Left Bank of the Early Scythian time was dominated by the idea of placing the world of the dead in the south, both among farmers and nomads. Deviation from the basic orientation could be seasonal, or associated with the direction of the land of ancestors, or an important landmark (Greater Skorobir for the Belsk necropolis). A necropolis is located in the village. Kupewaha, which allows one to assume that it belongs to a fairly separate group of nomads. In separate burial grounds there were recorded graves which belonged to different clusters. Burials of Vorskla’s ordinary farmers were represented by clusters 6, 8, 10, and burials, most likely, nomads — cluster 9 and groups 11B and 11B. Clusters 5, 7, 12 have an indeterminate nature. The burial grounds can be conditionally divided into necropolises of the local population, nomads and mixed ones.

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