Effects of Sargassum horneri and Ulva australis Extracts on Body Weight and Serum Glucose Levels of Sprague-Dawley Rats

The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary administration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing Lactobacillus brevis DPC 6108 and pure GABA exert protective effects against the development of diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. In a first experiment, healthy rats were divided in 3 groups (n=10/group) receiving placebo, 2.6 mg/kg body weight (bw) pure GABA or L. brevis DPC 6108 (~109microorganisms). In a second experiment, rats (n=15/group) were randomised to five groups and four of these received an injection of STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Diabetic and non-diabetic controls received placebo [4% (w/v) yeast extract in dH2O], while the other three diabetic groups received one of the following dietary supplements: 2.6 mg/kg bw GABA (low GABA), 200 mg/kg bw GABA (high GABA) or ~109 L. brevis DPC 6108. L. brevis DPC 6108 supplementation was associated with increased serum insulin levels (P<0.05), but did not alter other metabolic markers in healthy rats. Diabetes induced by STZ injection decreased body weight (P<0.05), increased intestinal length (P<0.05) and stimulated water and food intake. Insulin was decreased (P<0.05), whereas glucose was increased (P<0.001) in all diabetic groups, compared with non-diabetic controls. A decrease (P<0.01) in glucose levels was observed in diabetic rats receiving L. brevis DPC 6108, compared with diabetic-controls. Both the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota were affected by diabetes. Microbial diversity in diabetic rats supplemented with low GABA was not reduced (P>0.05), compared with non-diabetic controls while all other diabetic groups displayed reduced diversity (P<0.05). L. brevis DPC 6108 attenuated hyperglycaemia induced by diabetes but additional studies are needed to understand the mechanisms involved in this reduction.

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Behavioral and endocrine traits of obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats on macronutrient diets

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.6.e1057 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 274 (6) ◽

pp. E1057-E1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jian Wang ◽

Jesline T. Alexander ◽

Ping Zheng ◽

Hi Joon Yu ◽

Jordan Dourmashkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Patterns of eating behavior, body weight gain, and hormone changes were examined in normal-weight albino Sprague-Dawley rats on macronutrient diets. These diets consisted of either three separate jars with pure macronutrients, fat, carbohydrate and protein, from which to choose, or a single diet with different concentrations of fat and carbohydrate. Similar patterns on the choice-diet and single-diet paradigms were observed. During the first 7–10 days on these diets but not subsequently, the rats consuming a fat-rich diet exhibit significant hyperphagia, an increase in both total and fat intake that produces higher body weight gain. Compared with a 10% fat diet, a 30% fat diet is associated with a decline in insulin and corticosterone (CORT) levels, whereas a 60% fat diet produces an increase in circulating glucose. Levels of glucose are positively correlated with fat intake, and together these measures are consistently related to body fat. These relationships are most strongly expressed in rats that consume a fat-rich diet with >30% fat. Whereas insulin levels are also positively related to body fat, CORT is inversely related in these normal-weight subjects. In animals consuming a high-fat diet, a clear separation can be seen between “obesity-prone” (OP) rats with 100% greater body fat than “obesity-resistant” (OR) rats. The OP rats, which consume 15% more total calories, have significantly higher insulin and glucose levels. In animals that consume a diet with >30% fat, it is the OP but not the OR rats that exhibit a positive relation between fat intake, glucose levels, and body fat and reveal an additional association between carbohydrate intake, insulin, and body fat. Thus these rats on macronutrient diets exhibit distinct traits that relate behavior to hormone disturbances and adiposity and distinguish subjects that are prone vs. resistant to obesity.

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Effect of the Combination of Gelam Honey and Ginger on Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Profile in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/160695 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nur Fathiah Abdul Sani ◽

Levin Kesu Belani ◽

Chong Pui Sin ◽

Siti Nor Amilah Abdul Rahman ◽

Srijit Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Gelam Honey ◽

Antidiabetic Effects

Diabetic complications occur as a result of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to long term hyperglycaemia. Honey and ginger have been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity which can scavenge ROS. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of gelam honey, ginger, and their combination. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 major groups which consisted of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin intramuscularly (55 mg/kg body weight). Each group was further divided into 4 smaller groups according to the supplements administered: distilled water, honey (2 g/kg body weight), ginger (60 mg/kg body weight), and honey + ginger. Body weight and glucose levels were recorded weekly, while blood from the orbital sinus was obtained after 3 weeks of supplementation for the estimation of metabolic profile: glucose, triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH): oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The combination of gelam honey and ginger did not show hypoglycaemic potential; however, the combination treatment reduced significantly (P<0.05) SOD and CAT activities as well as MDA level, while GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats compared to diabetic control rats.

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Abstract 206: Hyperleptinemia Increases Blood Pressure and Decreases Pup Weight in Pregnant Rats

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a206 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana C Palei ◽

Eric M George ◽

Marietta Arany ◽

Kathy Cockrell ◽

Joey P Granger

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Relationship Of

While the relationship of obesity to cardiovascular disease is well recognized, it also has important implications for pregnancy outcomes. Indeed, there is compelling evidence that obesity increases the risk of preeclampsia (PE). The risk of severe and mild PE and PE occurring in early and late gestation are greater in obese and overweight women. Despite the fact that obesity is the leading attributable risk for PE in developed countries, the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby obesity and metabolic factors such as leptin increases the risk for developing PE are unclear. Hyperleptinemia over the levels seen in normal pregnancy has been associated with preeclampsia. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate whether chronic hyperleptinemia causes changes in cardiovascular, metabolic and reproductive systems of pregnant rats. On gestational day (GD) 14, Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to normal pregnant (NP, n=8) group or to NP plus Leptin group (NP+Lep, n=8), in which miniosmotic pump with leptin (0.5 μg/kg/min) was placed intraperitoneally. On GD 19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded, rats were sacrificed, and blood, placentas and pups were collected. Body weight (BW) and food intake (FI) were measured on GD 16-18. Serum leptin concentration was elevated in NP+Lep compared with NP (0.82 ± 0.05 vs 17.98 ± 2.75 ng/mL, P<0.05). Circulating insulin and glucose levels were similar in NP and NP+Lep groups (both P>0.05). MAP was higher in NP+Lep compared with NP (102.40 ± 2.38 vs 121.30 ± 8.13 mmHg, P<0.05). BW was decreased in NP+Lep compared with NP at GD 19 (330.90 ± 9.08 vs 284.10 ± 8.58 g, P<0.05), probably due to the reduced FI of the NP+Ins group compared with NP during GD 16-18 (23.45 ± 0.61 vs 8.61 ± 0.83 g/day, P<0.05). Although the number of viable fetuses per rat was similar between groups (P>0.05), fetuses and placentas of the NP+Lep group were lighter than those of the NP group (2.29 ± 0.06 vs 2.11 ± 0.06 g and 0.58 ± 0.01 vs 0.50 ± 0.02 g, respectively, both P<0.05). In conclusion, leptin increases blood pressure, despite its effect of reducing body weight during pregnancy, representing a possible mechanism to induce hypertension in preeclampsia. In addition, leptin decreases pup and placental weights, which could lead to abnormal fetal outcomes.

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An acute method to test leptin responsiveness in rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00548.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 306 (11) ◽

pp. R852-R860 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bhavna N. Desai ◽

Ruth B. S. Harris

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Intravenous Infusion ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

High Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Leptin Sensitivity ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Continuous subcutaneous administration of leptin normalizes blood glucose levels in rodent models of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes independent of changes in food intake, body weight, and plasma insulin. We tested whether an acute intravenous leptin infusion changed blood glucose in normal and diet-induced leptin-resistant rats to determine whether this measure could be used as a marker of leptin sensitivity. Leptin-responsive chow-fed rats and diet-induced leptin-resistant male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with thoracic jugular vein catheters. Four days after surgery, conscious rats were infused intravenously with either saline for 32 min, low-dose (LD) leptin (1.9 μg·kg−1·min−1) followed by high-dose (HD) leptin (3.8 μg·kg−1·min−1) for 16 min each, or only HD leptin for 16 min. There was no change in blood glucose after an acute intravenous infusion of either LD leptin or HD leptin alone for 16 min. An intravenous infusion of LD followed by HD leptin for 16 min each significantly decreased serum glucose in leptin-responsive rats but not in leptin-resistant rats. Leptin infusions increased serum leptin in all rat groups but had no effect on plasma glucagon or 12-h weight gain and energy intake in any group of rats. These results show that leptin has an acute glucose-lowering effect that reflects the leptin responsiveness of the rat. This effect is consistent across controls and different leptin-resistant rat models, and the acute nonlethal test provides a novel method of testing leptin responsiveness in rats.

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Effect of dietary fiber in lowering serum glucose and body weight in sprague dawley rats

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v1i8.124 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (8) ◽

pp. 261 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masood Sadiq Butt ◽

Naureen Shahzadi ◽

Hafiz Suleria ◽

Tauseef Sultan ◽

Muhammad Imran Chohan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Maximum Serum ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Introduction: The present study evaluated the hypoglycemic perspectives and weight loss significance of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber was supplemented in commercial wheat flour (atta) for the preparation of chapaties, a staple diet of South Asia. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 100) were randomly divided into 4 diet groups (n = 25 per group). The control group was fed basal diet that included commercial wheat flour chapati, cornstarch, corn oil, salt and vitamin mixture in such a way that 10% of the protein was available from the final diet. To the basal diet of other 3 groups, chapaties supplemented with 2% guar gum (GG 2%), 3% guar gum (GG 3%) and 5% chickpea + 1% guar gum (CP5%+GG1%) were added, respectively. All diets were fed to the rats for a period of 8 weeks to perceive the impact of respective compositions. Rats fed on CP 5% + GG 1%, showed maximum glucose reduction (14.57%) followed by GG 3% (11.64%) and GG 2% (9.60%) as compared to control diet. Likewise, rats fed on 3% GG showed maximum decline (7.90%) in body weight. It was concluded that chapaties prepared from selected treatments provide an additional dietary fiber that could be supportive for diabetic and obese individuals.Results: The results indicated that addition of dietary fiber influenced the physical characteristics of chapati non-significantly. Maximum glucose concentration was found to be 112.50 mg/dL in control group followed by 101.70 and 99.41 mg/dL in groups fed on guar gum 2% and guar gum 3%, respectively. Lowest glucose concentration (96.11 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed on the combination of chickpea 5 %+ guar gum 1%. Maximum serum protein concentration was found to be 6.39 g/dL in rats fed on combination of chickpea 5 % + guar gum 1% whilst the remaining three groups showed non significant variations with respect to each other. Means for serum protein were 6.33, 6.30 and 6.32 g/dL for control, guar gum 3%, and guar gum 2%, respectively. Maximum serum albumin concentration was found to be 3.63 g/dL in rats fed on combination of chickpea 5%+ guar gum 1% showing non-significant differences than that of control (3.60 g/dL).Conclusion: Soaring cost of medication and their side effects demand new ways against the existing malady of diabetes. Diet based strategy is a right approach as it is economical and assessable to avoid the health risks. The present research explored that diet diversification is an effective tool for the management of serum glucose and body weight. Role of legumes is indispensable to enhance the dietary fiber. Ingestion of chapaties prepared from selected compositions of composite flours providing an additional dietary fiber would be supportive to reduce hyperglycemia and obesity.Keywords: Sprague Dawley rats, Dietary fiber, Composite flour, Chapati, Serum glucose, Insulin glucose indices.

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Extracts of Ficusgibboseblame and its potentiating effect for type II diabetes in rats

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 792-795

Author(s):

Ramya ◽

Ravishankar ◽

Muthulakshmi R ◽

Punita P

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ulcerative Stomatitis

HydroalcoholicextractofGreeneriesandstalkbarkofFicusgibbosaBlume is evaluated for their potentiating action in Streptozotocin – Nicotinamide encouraged type 2 diabetes in Sprague Dawley rats. The excerpts are managed at the amount of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight along with sub operative dose (2.5 mg/kg body weight) of the standard antidiabetic drug (Glibenclamide) for a period of 5 weeks. The test extracts potentiated the antidiabetic activity of standard drug by significantly dropping the raised blood glucose levels and the effect was almost comparable with solitary efficacy of therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg body weight) of typical drug Glibenclamide during 5th week of the study. Its abandons have deviated, on the other hand, orchestrated and more gibbose in those end. The juice of the bark furthermore abandons from claiming color fig alternately bumped fig plant is utilized to grinding those pills furthermore settling on A decoction in toxicology. Plant appeases diminished Kapha, pitta, skin diseases, ulcers, hepatopathy, diabetes, ulcerative stomatitis, leucorrhoea and gynaecological issues. Male Sprague Dawley Rats abstainedinstantare vaccinated intraperitoneally with result about Nicotinamide at a dosage of 195 mg /kg body weight. 15 minutes after same animals are vaccinated for the newly readied result from claiming Streptozotocin (STZ) In measurement about (65 mg/kg physique weight) intraperitoneally. The animals are permitted to drink 1% glucose result instant will succeed the pill prompted hypoglycaemia.

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Toxicological evaluation of the dried hydroethanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. roots in Artemia salina larvae and Sprague Dawley rats

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00304-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kokou Atchou ◽

Povi Lawson-Evi ◽

Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽

Kwashie Eklu-Gadegbeku

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Female Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Amaranthus Spinosus ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Abstract Background Amaranthus spinosus is a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases including diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to prove the safety of the plant in animal health. Methods The dry extract was obtained following the hydroethanolic extraction of A. spinosus roots. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro by incubating Artemia salina larvae with the extract for 24 h. In vivo toxicity was assessed in Sprague Dawley rats. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of extract was administered orally to female rats in acute toxicity and observed for 14 days for mortality and signs of toxicity. In subchronic toxicity, extract doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw were administered orally to male and female rats for 28 consecutive days and observed for previous signs. Body weight was recorded daily and blood glucose levels every week. On day 29, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological studies. Organs were then exised for gross autopsy and histopathological examination. Results The in vitro study showed that the extract had a LC50 = 1.178 mg/mL in larvae and was considered to be non-cytotoxic. Oral administration of extract at a single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw did not cause any mortality or sign of toxicity in gross necropsy. In subchronic oral toxicity, repeated doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw of extract, did not also cause any mortality or significant change in body weight, relative weight of vital organs. Furthermore, hematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examination did not show any significant change. The observed decrease in blood glucose levels did not correlate with organ damage and supports the safety of the plant. However, the reduction of LDL-cholesterol has shown that the extract can prevent cardiovascular disease. Conclusions This finding demonstrated that A. spinosus root is non-toxic with a LD50 > 5000 mg/kg bw. Thus, the extract can be used for cutaneous and subchronic oral administration at doses ≤ 1000 mg/kg bw. However, further studies such as embryo/fetotoxicity, genotoxicity and neurotoxicity will be needed to prove the safety of chronic administration of the extract in patients and fetuses.

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Chronic intravenous administration of V1 arginine vasopressin agonist results in sustained hypertension

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.2.h751 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (2) ◽

pp. H751-H756 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. W. Cowley ◽

E. Szczepanska-Sadowska ◽

K. Stepniakowski ◽

D. Mattson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Arginine Vasopressin ◽

Plasma Catecholamines ◽

Plasma Osmolality ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Prolonged Administration ◽

Chronic Stimulation ◽

Sustained Hypertension ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Despite the well-recognized vasoconstrictor and fluid-retaining actions of vasopressin, prolonged administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to normal animals or humans fails to produce sustained hypertension. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the V1 receptor in determining the ability of AVP to produce sustained hypertension. Conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with implanted catheters were infused with the selective V1 agonist, [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), for 14 days in amounts that were acutely nonpressor. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and water intake (WI) were determined daily. Plasma AVP, plasma catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, plasma osmolality, and electrolyte concentration were determined before and on days 1 and 7 of infusion. MAP increased significantly by 10.4 +/- 4.5 mmHg on day 1 and rose to 22 +/- 5 mmHg above control by day 14 (transient decrease on days 6-9) and then fell to control levels after the infusion was stopped. HR did not change significantly. Plasma AVP immunoreactivity increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, whereas norepinephrine tended to fall only on day 1, with epinephrine only slightly elevated on day 7. No evidence of fluid retention was found, and rats lost sodium only on the first day of V1 agonist infusion. Body weight increased throughout the study but was unrelated to the changes of MAP. We conclude that chronic stimulation of V1 receptors results in sustained hypertension in rats.

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Renal haemodynamic and tubular actions of urotensin II in the rat

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-08-0260 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 198 (3) ◽

pp. 617-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Alaa E S Abdel-Razik ◽

Ellen J Forty ◽

Richard J Balment ◽

Nick Ashton

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Renal Medulla ◽

Fractional Excretion ◽

Haemodynamic Effects ◽

Urotensin Ii ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Fractional Excretion Of Sodium ◽

Excretion Rates

Urotensin II (UTS) is a potent vasoactive peptide that was originally identified in teleost fish. Mammalian orthologues of UTS and its receptor (UTSR) have been described in several species, including humans and rats. We have shown previously that bolus injections of UTS caused a decrease in urine flow and sodium excretion rates in parallel with marked reductions in renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of UTS infusion at a dose that has minimal impact upon renal haemodynamics in order to identify a potential direct tubular action of UTS. Infusion of rat UTS (rUTS) at 0.6 pmol/min per 100 g body weight in male Sprague–Dawley rats, which had no effect on RBF and caused a 30% reduction in GFR, resulted in a significant increase in the fractional excretion of sodium (vehicle 2.3±0.6 versus rUTS 0.6 pmol 4.5±0.6%, P<0.05) and potassium. At the higher dose of 6 pmol/min per 100 g body weight, haemodynamic effects dominated the response. rUTS induced a marked reduction in RBF and GFR (vehicle 1.03±0.06 versus rUTS 6 pmol 0.31±0.05 ml/min per 100 g body weight, P<0.05) resulting in an anti-diuresis and anti-natriuresis, but no change in fractional excretion of sodium or potassium. Uts2d and Uts2r mRNA expression were greater in the renal medulla compared with the cortex. Together, these data support an inhibitory action of Uts2d on renal tubule sodium and potassium reabsorption in the rat, in addition to its previously described renal haemodynamic effects.

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