scholarly journals A Hermeneutical reading of Postcolonial Literature: Fusion of Horizons in E.M. Forster's A Passage to India and Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Laila Bouziane
Keyword(s):  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Fusion Of Horizons ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

Hans-Georg Gadamer has consistently advocated the idea of understanding as a form of “fusion of horizons” that implies the important and active role of each part of a cross-cultural encounter. This paper proposes philosophical hermeneutics as an alternative way of reading of postcolonial literature. E.M. Foster’s A Passage to India and Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North, are postcolonial literary examples of diversity and otherness which are analyzed in the light of the hermeneutical concept of “fusion of horizons”. These texts include a range of contexts and circumstances in which communication is challenged by the characters’ different cultural backgrounds, and understanding is only to be achieved through the process of “fusion” of horizons which helps rework prejudices in order to reach a clearer vision. In this context, the hermeneutical “fusion of horizons” represents an alternative to traditional ways of “knowing” and understanding.

scholarly journals The Cultural Limits of Legal Tolerance

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Philosophical Literature ◽  
Cultural Form ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Liberal Societies ◽  
Dialogic Theory ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents the argument that our understanding of the nature of the relationship between modern constitutionalism and religious difference has suffered with the success of the story of legal tolerance and multiculturalism. Taking up the Canadian case, in which the conventional narrative of legal multiculturalism has such purchase, this piece asks how the interaction of law and religion - and, in particular, the practices of legal tolerance - would look if we sought in earnest to understand law as a component, rather than a curator, of cultural diversity in modern liberal societies. Understanding the law as itself a cultural form forces us to think about the interaction of law and religion as an instance of cross-cultural encounter. Drawing from theoretical accounts of cross-cultural encounter and philosophical literature about the nature of toleration, and paying close attention to the shape of Canadian constitutional doctrine on religious freedom (law’s rules of cross-cultural engagement), this paper suggests that legal toleration is far less accommodative and far more assimilative than the conventional narrative lets on. Influential alternative theoretical accounts ultimately reproduce this dynamic because they similarly obscure the role of culture on both sides of the encounter of law and religion. Indeed, owing to the particular features of the culture of law’s rule, even the more thickly cultural "solutions" proposed in dialogic theory ultimately fail. In the end, this article exposes the very real cultural limits of legal tolerance.

scholarly journals O Início de Prova Material Para o Segurado Especial na Fusão de Horizontes de Sentido de Hans Georg-Gadamer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Generoso Costa
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Fusion Of Horizons ◽  
Hans Georg Gadamer

O estudo trata sobre o segurado especial com base na legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência dos tribunais, além de demonstrar que a coleta de provas documentais se mostra dificultosa para tal segurado.  Identifica-se na teoria do alemão Hans Georg-Gadamer a fusão de horizontes de sentido que providencia a ligação entre provas documentais e testemunhais. Traz o importante papel dos envolvidos na relação processual na busca pela verdade através das provas, sendo que tal episódio ensejará a procedência do pedido com a concessão do benefício de um salário mínimo para o segurado especial.           Palavras-chave: Segurado Especial. Hans Georg-Gadamer. Prova Material. Testemunhas. AbstractThe study is initiated on the special insured based on the legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence of the courts, in addition to demonstrating that the collection of documentary evidence proves difficult for such insured. It is identified in the theory of the German Hans Georg-Gadamer the fusion of horizons of meaning that provides the link between documentary evidence and witnesses. It brings the important role of those involved in the procedural relationship in the search for truth through evidence, and such an episode will lead to the application being granted by granting the benefit of a minimum wage for the special insured. Keywords: Special Insured. Hans Georg-Gadamer. Material Proof . Witnesses.

scholarly journals The Directness Levels of Criticism: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Korean and American Youtuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Aan Anisah Agustini Safari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Way

Background: Different countries may have different cultures that are influenced by their religion, traditions, or norms. These differences affect the way they speak, such as when they are commenting or giving opinions. Due to the way people express speech acts can be varied and lead to misinterpretation because of their differences, the researcher was intrigued to conduct this study. Methodology: This cross-cultural study was carried out to observe and compare the speech act of criticism between Korean and American YouTubers and to investigate the role of their cultural background in influencing the directness level they conveyed. First, the researcher selected three Korean Youtubers and Americans as well with food review content. Second, the researcher watched one video from each channel and took notes on every expression of criticism they used. Findings: The result of this study demonstrates that in American YouTubers speech, direct strategy emerges more frequently than the indirect one. Conversely, Korean YouTubers tend to use the indirect one. The finding also indicates that their speech behavior is related to their cultural norms, in which American culture encourages clear personal opinions, while Korean culture is a restraint to express their opinion or feeling clearly. Conclusion: Due to the considerable difference between Korean and American YouTuber speech, it can be concluded that culture takes a significant part in shaping one’s speech behavior. That is why people with different cultural backgrounds may have different ways of speaking.  Keywords: Criticism; cross-culture pragmatic; directness-indirectness.

scholarly journals The Role of Regulatory Focus and Emotion Recognition Bias in Cross-Cultural Negotiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2659
Author(s):  
Donghee Han ◽  
Hyewon Park ◽  
Seung-Yoon Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Regulatory Fit ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
Emotion Model

Prior research on cross-cultural negotiation has emphasized the cognitive and the behavioral elements. This study takes a different perspective and presents a motivation–emotion model of cross-cultural negotiation. We propose that the cultural differences in chronic regulatory focus will lead to cultural biases in emotion recognition, which in turn will affect negotiation behaviors. People are inclined to perceive and behave in ways that enhance regulatory fit. Westerners and East Asians, who each have different chronic regulatory focus, are likely to interpret the negotiation situation differently in order to increase their regulatory fit. Specifically, this study proposes that when the emotion of the opponent is ambiguous, people from different cultural backgrounds may show cultural biases in emotion recognition, concentrating on the emotion that fits their chronic regulatory focus. Drawing on the Emotion as Social Information (EASI) model, this study discusses how these cultural biases in emotion recognition can affect people’s negotiation behaviors. Finally, some possible moderators of the motivation–emotion model including power and emotion recognition accuracy are suggested to promote sustainable practices in cross-cultural negotiation.

scholarly journals A ritual approach to deterrence: I am, therefore I deter

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406612096603
Author(s):  
Maria Mälksoo
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Interaction Ritual ◽  
The North ◽  
Extended Deterrence ◽  
Collective Representation ◽  
Critical Binding

How can ritual help to understand the practice of deterrence? Traditional deterrence scholarship tends to overlook the active role of deterring actors in creating and redefining the circumstances to which they are allegedly only reacting. In order to address the weight of deterrence as a symbol, collective representation and strategic repertoire, this article proposes to rethink deterrence as a performative strategic practice with ritual features and critical binding, releasing and restraining functions. I posit a ritual account of deterrence to better grasp the performance, credibility and the presumed effect of this central international security practice. An understanding of deterrence as a ritual-like social practice probes the scope of rational deterrence theory, replacing its ‘I think, therefore I deter’ presumption with a socially and politically productive ‘I am, therefore I deter’ logic. Drawing on the example of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s enhanced Forward Presence, the proposed conceptualization of extended deterrence as an interaction ritual chain in allied defence, solidarity and community-building offers novel insights about the deterrence and collective identity nexus. Extended deterrence has much more than deterrence at stake: how an alliance practices deterrence tells us more about the alliance itself than about the nature of threats it responds to. The tripwire posture of the enhanced Forward Presence highlights the instrumentality of ritualization for mediating ambiguity in extended deterrence.

scholarly journals Objects and Agency in the Medieval North: The Case of Old Norse Magic Swords

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 42-68
Author(s):  
Miriam Mayburd
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Cultural Constructions

Old Norse sagas" literary depictions of magic swords highlight the active role of objects in shaping and renegotiating cultural constructions of personhood and identities. By focusing on narrative portrayals of these artifacts and the psychosomatic dynamics of saga characters' interactions with said artifacts, this study illuminates the ecological entanglements between cognitive and material spaces across the medieval North, stressing cross-cultural variability and diversity inherent in medieval worldviews.

scholarly journals Understanding The Competencies As Global Citizen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADE IRMA ANGGRAENI
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Central Java

The industrial revolution is a reality that must be faced by every country. This condition hasan impact on increasing interdependence between country located in an area in the form ofcooperation in various fields. Industrial revolution gives an essential challenge to improvethe quality of resources human power that can establish cross-cultural interactions to beable to address every opportunity of good cooperation. One component that needs to bepossessed by human resources in the era of the industrial revolution, especially the younggeneration of Indonesia is the cross-cultural communication competence with knowledge,understanding, self-confidence and cultural identity through the experience of interactingwith individuals from different cultural backgrounds. The young generation of Indonesianeeds to build a global mindset and play an active role in building harmonious cooperationin achieving the agenda of the industrial revolution. This phenomenon is essential so thatIndonesia's human resources are not just spectators, but can determine the success of theempowered nation competitiveness. This study aims to analyse affective, cognitive andconative elements in forming cross-cultural communication competencies. This researchalso examines the influence of the dimensions of cross-cultural communication and attitudestowards global citizenship towards the intention to work together across cultures. Theresearch sample was taken using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected usingsurvey methods with questionnaire techniques. Respondents in this study were students atthree universities in Central Java.

Health professionals’ perceptions of communication difficulties in cross-cultural contexts

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Interdisciplinary Project ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Regular Contact

This paper is a first report on an interdisciplinary project dealing with cross-cultural communication in health and medicine undertakebn by the Centre for Community Languages in the Professions. In this paper health professionals’ perceptions of communication difficulties are examined, especially their understanding of the role of language in cross-cultural communication. The project revealed that health professionals who had regular contact with people from diverse cultural backgrounds were aware of the influence culture can exert on the attitudes and the behaviour of NESB people in relation to health care. In general they had some difficulty in establishing the role of language in cultural misunderstandings if both parties (interactants) communicated through the same language.

scholarly journals Dehierarchizing Space: Performer-Audience Collaborations in Two Portuguese Performances of Shakespeare

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Francesca Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Performance Space ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
Performance Context ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Shakespearean Tragedy

This article addresses the key role of performance space in mediating between cultural locations. It discusses two Portuguese performances of Shakespeare where audiences were invited to become part of the performance and the ways in which this dehierarchization of the performance space framed a cross-cultural encounter between a globalized text and a localized performance context. In Teatro Oficina’s 2012 King Lear, both audience and performers sat around a large table in a production which reflected upon questions of individual and collective responsibility in Shakespearean tragedy and in the wider political sphere. In the middle of this performance space hung a large cube onto which the translated text was projected, setting up a spatial tension between text and performance that also foregrounded the translocation of the Shakespearean text to a Portuguese performance context. In Tiago Rodrigues’ 2013 By Heart, ten members of the audience were invited onstage to learn Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30 “by heart and not by brain.”1 In doing so, Rodrigues emphasized the cultural embeddedness of Shakespearean texts in a wider European cultural context and operated a subtle shift from texts to performance as a privileged repository for the cultural memory of Shakespeare. The article explores how these spatial shifts signaled the possibility of enabling cross-cultural identifications with Shakespeare through performance.

scholarly journals The Role of Schema in Constructing Cross-cultural Minds for Students in Local Universities

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Lijuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Multicultural Knowledge

Students studying and living in local universities find themselves failing in conducting fluent communication with people with different cultural backgrounds, due to the rare access to direct interactions with foreigners in person. Hence, to change that situation and help them construct cross-cultural minds is severely necessary. Abundant of achievements on cross-cultural communication have been reached, and a lot of rewards in the research have been granted to those studies analyzed, discussed and interpreted from the perspective of social-psychology, which can not propose an appropriate and efficient approach to constructing cross-cultural minds for students in the local universities. The studies from the perspective of cognitive process and more specifically the schema theory, however, can claim due attention to understand and construct the procedure of intercultural communication where multi-cultures are represented, processed and accommodated. This work is intended to address the issues of how students can efficiently obtain knowledge, how multicultural knowledge can be effectively acquired by students, and how beliefs can be shared and multicultural minds constructed finally.

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