scholarly journals Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Rudov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir Ya. Shapiro ◽  
Olga I. Grigoreva ◽  
Igor V. Grigorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The urgency of the task of effective development of cutting areas on the slopes of mountains, hills, and hilly-ridge reliefs is primarily due to the depletion of available, special, lowland operational forests in Siberia and the Far East, which were once, not quite correctly, called forest-surplus regions of the Russian Federation. The operational woodlands that are convenient for development in Siberia and the Far East are largely depleted. To develop new ones, large-scale road construction is necessary, which requires significant financial expenses and reduces the already low profitability of logging production. It is also declining due to the ever-increasing volume of export of harvested timber, even if the cost of construction and maintenance of a new network of logging roads is not considered. Forest ecosystems located on slopes are among the most vulnerable. When working on the slopes with traditional systems of logging machines, it becomes necessary to cut a serpentine of skid trails, which later become concentrators of water and wind erosion. Currently, leading manufacturers of machinery and equipment for the forest industry, such as Ponsse, John Deer, Komatsu, and others, have developed technical solutions that significantly facilitate the operation of forest machine systems. Such solutions, first of all, include winches integrated into the transmissions of machines. Another solution is to use separate self-propelled winches remotely controlled by the operator of a forest machine, for example, T-winch. In this case, the machine does not receive additional weight from the winch integrated into it; however, the negative impact of forest machines on soils does not disappear, but has its own significant specifics. The article shows that when performing logging operations on slopes, primarily steep ones with slope angles exceeding 20–25°, it is necessary to make adjustments to the assessment of the destruction nature of the soil array and the patterns of the track depth formation under the influence of the skidding system. For citation: Rudov S.E., Shapiro V.Ya., Grigorev I.V., Kunitskaya O.A., Grigoreva O.I. Modeling the Interaction of Forest Machines with Soil when Working on Slopes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 121–134. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-121-134

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE TRACK FORMATION PROCESS AND ITS STABILITY DURING THE OP-ERATION OF FOREST MACHINES AND SKIDDING SYSTEMS ON THE SLOPES OF THE THAWED SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Kalyashov ◽  
Vladimir Shapiro ◽  
Igor Grigorev ◽  
Ol'ga Kunitskaya ◽  
Olga Grigoreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Development

A significant part of mature and over-mature commercial forests of the Russian Federation are concentrated in the Far Eastern Federal District. Most of the forests of the Far East are characterized by a relief that is inconvenient for the operation of traditional machine systems for logging operations (steep and very steep slopes). In addition, a significant part of the forests of the Far East grows on permafrost. It is known that the forests on the slopes are among the most vulnerable from the ecological point of view, the same can be said about the forests on the permafrost. As a result, the permafrost forests growing on the slopes can be attributed to one of the most vulnerable forest ecosystems. In this regard, the requirements for the environmental efficiency of forest machines and skidding systems when harvesting wood in the forests of the permafrost zone growing on the slopes are one of the most stringent. This circumstance is very important, for example, for the development of logging in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). It is well known about the negative impact of forest machine propellers on the soils of cutting areas; this issue has been studied and is being studied by a large number of scientists. The negative impact on soils, first of all, consists in overconsolidation and the formation of a track, which in the future is the center of water and wind erosion. Solving the problem of ecological compatibility of modern forest machines and skidding systems with soils of permafrost cutting areas growing on the slopes will increase the effective development of the allowable cut in forests on permafrost. The most optimal way to increase the environmental compatibility of machines and forest ecosystem is to substantiate the optimal machine parameters and performance indicators for specific conditions

Agrophytocenoses of alfalfa as an element of biologization of agriculture in the Far East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Ivanova E. P. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Cultivation of variable alfalfa meets the requirements of biological agriculture, has a powerful phytomeliorative effect, is a large-scale source of biological nitrogen, increases soil fertility and yields of subsequent crops, reduces the cost of agricultural products, contributes to resource conservation and increases the competitiveness of crop and livestock produc

America's Stake in the Far East. III. The Cost

1936 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Frederick V. Field
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Cost

Cleaning in Crystalline Si Solar Cell Manufacturing

2012 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Schweckendiek ◽  
Ronald Hoyer ◽  
Sebastian Patzig-Klein ◽  
Franck Delahaye ◽  
Gerry Knoch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diffusion Coating ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Si Solar Cell ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Near Future

The large scale of production of modern PV manufacturing as well as the cost pressure demand a different approach to cleaning processes in semiconductor and PV applications. The subject of this presentation is, to highlight aspects of similarities and differences. Total added cost/m2of Si are estimated for typical PV manufacturing conditions and compared to semiconductor applications. Typical technical solutions are reviewed. They are compared to the anticipated technical and cost requirements in the near future according to PV roadmaps and cell concepts which are evident today. Starting with typical cleaning processes during the wafering (sawing, cleaning, separation) up to cell processing (texturing, diffusion, coating and plating) the main cleaning processes are presented and their specifics are indicated. Finally recontamination and conditioning in production lines are reviewed.

MECHANISMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN COMPLEX CLIMATE AND GEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 03-07
Author(s):  
Vladimir Victorovich Tsyganov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The Far East

Mechanisms and procedures for strategic management of the development of transport infrastructure in a large-scale region located in difficult climatic and geographical conditions are proposed. These mechanisms and procedures are illustrated by the example of managing the development of transport infrastructure in Siberia, the Far East and the Arctic zone of Russia.

scholarly journals Potential development scale of low- and non-carbon generation in the Far East of Russia under increasing decarbonization requirements

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Tatiana Pankrushina ◽  
Andrey Khorshev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Far East ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Effective Development

The ratification of the Paris Agreement by Russia in 2019 will inevitably force the decarbonization of the Russian electric power industry in future. In this article the potential development scale of low- and non-carbon generation technologies in the Far East power system is considered using MESSAGE optimization model. The required conditions for effective development of new gas-fired as well as nuclear and RES power plants were analyzed, and the potential reduction of CO2 emissions was assessed. The results showed that the development of low- and non-carbon generation technologies in this region requires quite high carbon price or taxes.

First Archivists in the Russian Far East

2018 ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Khisamutdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article studies the creation of the first archival organization in Primorye, the Primorye Regional Archival Committee. It was due to the efforts of professors of the history and philology faculty (later, part of the Far Eastern State University), one of the first higher education institutions in the Russian Far East, established in Vladivostok in 1918 by the inteligentsia escaping the Civil War. The article attempts to identify and systematize the scattered papers of departmental archives in order to promote the development of the archiving and the study of the region. The research has revealed several factors that contributed to the emergence of archiving in the Far East, one of them large-scale migration during the Civil War with predominance of educated and enterprising people. After receiving the status of scientific institution, the Primorye Regional Archival Committee (later, the Primorye Province Archival Bureau) reviewed, collected, and described documents in major departmental archives of the region, thus laying the foundation of archiving in the Russian Far East, and, moreover, identified historical artifacts, thus providing a headstart for archaeologists and ethnographers. The first archivists laid down professional foundations for archival studies in the Far East. Their methodological recommendations published in the Bulletin of the Primorie Regional Archival Committee (Izvestiya Primorskoi oblastnoi arkhivnoi komissii) or separately haven’t yet lost their significance. Promulgation of archiving and public involvement in the search for valuable historical records and objects provide an example of skill and efficacy. These activities were all the more significant since they started on a voluntary basis, with no official support or funding. The article draws on publications and materials from the personal archive of A. P. Georgievsky (1888–1955), archivist and educator. New materials help to clarify the first archivists’ biographical data and to assess the significance of their activities in identifying and collecting data about the history of the Far East and for further development of its archives.

ACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE FAR EAST REGIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Artem S. Lukyanets ◽  
◽  
Roman V. Manshin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Far East ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Federal District ◽  
United Nations Development Program ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Working Age ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Far Eastern

The article examines the main factors in the formation of human capital in the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The article discusses in detail the main indicators that form the integral human development index, developed by the specialists of the United Nations Development Program. The key characteristics of socio-economic processes were identified, an analysis of the most important economic indicators of the studied subjects of the Russian Federation was given. It was found that one of the most important components of human capital is the social and economic stability of society. In the regions of the Far East, on the whole, an unfavorable socio-economic situation has developed, which directly affects human capital. It was found that, despite the higher level of income compared to the average for Russia, the real incomes of residents, adjusted for the cost of living in the considered regions, turned out to be lower than in Russia. An important factor in the development of human capital is the life expectancy of the population, which in the regions of the Far East is below the national average and does not reach the planned targets set by the Concept of the Demographic Policy of the Far East for the period up to 2025. It has been established that the main contribution is made by external causes of death in the male working-age population in the most sparsely populated regions, characterized by a low level of development of medical infrastructure and its availability. Another factor in the development of human capital is the level of education of the population. The development of this factor in the Far East repeats the all-Russian trajectory, maintaining the tendency to reduce the number of educational institutions at all levels, an increase in the number of students in programs of primary secondary and complete education is recorded. The persistence of such trends, together with changes in the age structure of the population, can negatively affect the development of human capital in the regions of the Far East.

scholarly journals Challenges and prospects of the fishing export potential development in the Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 950-963
Author(s):  
Andrey G. Paptsov ◽  
Nadejda A. Shelamova ◽  
Nabi D. Avarskii ◽  
Khatimat N. Gasanova ◽  
Kirill V. Kolonchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
Effective Development

According to the objectives of the federal project "Export of Agribusiness Products", the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) should increase the export of aquatic biological resources (ABR), including fish, to USD 1,338 million by 2024. Fish and fish products are among the top three agricultural exports in Russia (along with grains and oilseeds). The Far East is the main region in the Russian Federation for the capture of fish and other ABR. The article deals with the indicators of production and export of ABR of the fisheries industry of the FEFD, which includes also the Kamchatka Territory, Primorsky Territory, and the Sakhalin region. The authors consider problems that hinder its effective development and analyze directions and measures to solve existing problems. The main negative factors are associated with the infrastructural shortcomings, such as physical and moral deterioration of the fishing fleet, the lack of modern processing facilities, which do not allow producing fish products with high added value in the proper amount. To develop the concerned industry sector and resolve the issues constraining the growth of production and export capacity in the entities of the FEFD, the Russian government has developed special programs to promote investment activity, the construction of the necessary fishing fleet and infrastructure facilities, and modernization of existing facilities.

scholarly journals Devising a method for the formation of sustainable chains of supply of raw materials from mercantile exchange to a timber processing enterprise considering uncertainties and risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3 (113)) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Lev Mazelis ◽  
Rodion Rogulin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Random Flow ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Enterprise

The relevant problem of guaranteed supply of high-quality raw materials to a timber processing enterprise that does not have its own sources of raw materials is considered. A method for the formation of sustainable chains of supplying raw materials to a timber processing enterprise was proposed, taking into consideration uncertainties and risks associated with the purchase of raw materials on the mercantile exchange and the implementation of the circuit of delivery to a warehouse. A dynamic model, which is a problem of stochastic nonlinear programming, the objective function of which is the cost of purchasing raw materials, was developed. The model makes it possible to form a plan for purchasing raw materials on the timber section of the mercantile exchange on a given planning horizon, taking into consideration uncertainties when it comes to the number of daily offers, their volumes, and prices. The risk of cancellation of the concluded contract due to the loss of the quality of raw materials during delivery and non-fulfillment of delivery terms was also taken into consideration. To find a solution to the model, a two-stage circuit, in which the first stage involves a procurement plan that is close to optimal, was proposed. At the second stage, a plan that is closest to the basic one in terms of the volume of purchased raw materials and minimizing the total costs is chosen for each day of implementation of a random flow of applications. The numerical solution at the first stage is found using the heuristic algorithm that uses the branch and bound method and the genetic algorithm at certain steps. At the second stage, the multi-criteria problem of mathematical programming is solved numerically. An example of the formation by a timber processing enterprise in the Far East of a suboptimal procurement plan that ensures an increase in the efficiency and sustainability of economic activity in the long term is considered

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