ANALYSIS OF KEY TRENDS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COAL MARKET (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COUNTRIES OF NORTH-EASTERN ASIA)

The article provides an analysis of key trends in the international market, using the example of the countries of Northeast Asia. In 2019, the world coal market amounted to 1,424.5 million tons, of which 78.1% are energy grades to produce electricity and heat, and 21.9% are in metallurgy, the reserves of which are significantly less. The import coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia in 2019 was already 680 million tons, covering 48% of the entire world coal market. The paper provides an overview of the key importers and exporters of coal in the world, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the supplied raw materials, and analyzes the key factors affecting the pricing of coal. In the conclusions, the main trends in the international coal market of the countries of Northeast Asia are presented, including "geographical" — the shift of the center of world trade from Europe to Asia, and "types and quality of imported coal" — an increase in the share of high-quality premium energy and coking (metallurgical). Trends can be clearly seen in the countries of Northeast Asia, which actively use coal, and are making efforts to decarbonize their national economies, while intensifying inter-fuel competition with other primary energy sources.

PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TOURISM ADAPTATION UNDER GLOBAL CHALLENGES IMPACT

In this article, the authors study the aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic’s continuing impact on the global economy, and assess the interim economic results of 2020. The forward and backward linkage between the COVID-19 pandemic and international tourism is highlighted. The current state and further development prospects of the global tourism business are assessed on the example of the global crises that have taken place before. The authors have studied the current characteristics of the sector in the context of the continuing impact of protective measures involving population’s limited mobility and social distancing, a general assessment of the current global crisis impact on international and regional tourism is given. Further, the authors consider the need of tourism industry adaptation to new conditions, provide examples of modern tourism development, and identify areas that are most promising in terms of restoring the sector in the post-pandemic period. Since the current trends, according to experts, will be relevant in 2021, the authors determine the need for continuing adaptation of the sector to new conditions, taking into account the implementation of a sustainable development policy, and assess the prospects for the sector’s recovery during the crisis and post-crisis periods as an object of state policy within the framework of the "green" transformation of the economy.

MIGRATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN MONGOLIA IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The aim of the study is to analyze the factors of Mongolia's national security in the context of the country's security and approaches to the implementation of demographic policy. The object of the study is the demographic processes in Mongolia during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of ensuring the country's national security. The subject of the study is the measures taken by the state authorities of Mongolia during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect national interests from internal and external threats, the patterns and principles of implementing and ensuring the national security of the state in the context of solving the country's demographic problems. The most important element of the stability of the national security of the state is demographic security, as it is responsible for the process of reproduction of the country's population, in quantitative and qualitative terms. The approach of the Mongolian state in the context of a pandemic is aimed at protecting every citizen, society and country as a whole from internal and external threats, which allows maintaining the sovereignty, sustainable socio-economic and demographic development, territorial integrity of Mongolia. The study analyzed demographic processes during the COVID-19 pandemic, including fertility, mortality, migration, nuptiality and divorce. The features of migration processes during the COVID-19 pandemic are considered, including the return of Mongolian citizens to their homeland through channels organized by the state — export flights. The links between the socio-economic situation and changes in the demographic sphere in the country are revealed. The key risks in the development of demographic processes in Mongolia during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting the sustainability of national security, have been identified. Based on the results obtained, measures are proposed to strengthen the demographic policy in Mongolia.

CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND MONGOLIA

In the post-Soviet era, after a period of stagnation of the 90s, Russia and Mongolia began to actively cooperate, using and updating the economic potential created during the years of cooperation between Mongolia and the USSR. Goal. Explore modern conditions for the transition from stagnation in relations between Russia and Mongolia to cooperation. Tasks. Assess the readiness of the two countries to resume wide-ranging communications on mutually beneficial conditions. Methodology. The use of methods of scientific knowledge, the experience of economic relations of large and small countries in conditions of instability of the world economy, new threats and challenges in the XXI century. Results. It is proved that on the basis of mutually beneficial economic cooperation and coordination of domestic and foreign policies, Russia and Mongolia have created guarantees to maintain peace and promote integration in the Asia-Pacific region. Findings. Using the example of studying bilateral relations between Russia and Mongolia together with tripartite ones in the new Russia-Mongolia-China format, the possibility of reducing the dominance of China's role in Mongolia, reducing American influence and pressure on the leadership of Mongolia in order to weaken the Russian and Chinese presence is proved.

LIBERALIZING THE IMMIGRATION LEGISLATION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA THROUGH THE PRISM OF AFRICANOPHOBIA

The article discusses the draft "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Permanent Residence of Foreigners" (Exposure Draft) 2020, the adoption of which in the future will allow African students to obtain a residence permit in China. The new rules introduce concessions for foreign citizens in obtaining permanent residence, which is part of the PRC's policy of attracting highly qualified specialists. Attracting African students to the PRC is part of the “Go abroad” economic strategy. Through educational exchanges, Beijing also participates in the formation of African political and business elites, oriented not towards China. Further, the author examines the popular anti-immigrant theses of a professor at Beijing Normal University, according to whom the relaxation of immigration control will lead China to Islamization. The professor's article received a wide response in the Chinese segment of the Internet, as many Chinese people are unhappy that foreign citizens will receive more rights and privileges. Under the new Regulation, foreigners, for example, are not subject to forced family planning. A new wave of Africanophobia has risen during the COVID-19 pandemic. African migrants were discriminated against. All this is related to the problem of adaptation of African migrants, since China does not provide for institutional mechanisms to facilitate the successful integration of African migrants. The impossibility for the majority of African migrants who want to stay in China after graduation from Chinese universities and meet the listed requirements leads to their illegal status, which in turn contributes to the formation of Afro-Towns and criminal activities.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FIGHT AGAINST FAKE NEWS

The article describes the role of the Internet in the modern information society. The negative consequences of the openness of this information and telecommunications network are studied. The paper also substantiates the consequences of the activities of anonymous users who commit offenses. The authors consider the experience of combating fake news in developed countries (Great Britain, Germany, France) and emerging markets (Brazil, Venezuela, Egypt, Qatar, China, Singapore, Turkey). Special attention is paid to such a new phenomenon in the field of spreading false information as "deepfakes". As a result of a comparative legal analysis of regulation in the field of countering the publication of information that does not correspond to reality in online publications, it is concluded that many countries have realized the importance of the threat of spreading fake news. Foreign legislation is formed from the point of view of creating preventive measures in the field of dissemination of unreliable socially significant information. In addition, the authors of the study noted that the adoption of legal measures to combat the spread of fake news at the national level helps to minimize the negative socially significant consequences of the activities of offenders. From this point of view, these actions are absolutely justified and have a positive impact on the regulation of public relations on the Internet.

PERSONNEL POLICY IN THE FOREST INDUSTRY OF THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY: РROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS IN THE FOREST COMPLEX

The presented article is devoted to the analysis of personnel policy in the forestry industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, identifying problems and finding solutions. Based on the analysis of materials, the main requirements for personnel are derived. The main trends of the apparatus, methods of encouraging or punishing employees are analyzed. It was revealed that the main principle of the personnel policy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory is to ensure its maximum performance. The requirements that were imposed on staff members of the timber industry of the region have differences from traditional ideas about modern personnel policy. The main requirement in the period under review was not so much the availability of education as the presence of professionalism, length of service or enterprise. This allows us to conclude that the personnel policy of the region’s forest industry is quite high, and also suggests that such a strategy will ensure the rapid development of the region’s productive forces.

BARRIERS FOR IRANIAN STUDENTS TO IMMIGRATE TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Since January 2020, the Russian Federation and Iran have been involved with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Restriction in routine life, physical and social activities created many physiological and psychological difficulties for many students during quarantine. In between, international students also had more concerns such as health care in a foreign country, language barriers, and the wellbeing of their families. Therefore, some students, including Iranian students, came back to their home country in the summer of 2020. Unfortunately, many Iranian students studying in Russian universities cannot return to Russia for more than a year because of border closure and the Russian deterrent rules. However, Russia has opened its borders according to health protocols to travelers from many countries, including Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Cuba, Egypt, etc. And also all football fans from all countries, even Iranian people. By studying the World health organization's protocols, pandemic situation statistics in Russia, and Russian policies about opening borders, we can observe how Russian Federation strictly follows the health protocols for international travelers. Unwavering, Russian Federation continuously works hard to overcome the covid-19 epidemic and was one of the first countries to produce the coronavirus vaccine. Yet, this is singly not enough to defeat the pandemic, and developing herd immunity among society is another important factor in achieving public health during the covid-19 pandemic. Unquestionably, to rapidly remove the pandemic limitations and return to the normal situation for immigrant students, studying Iranian students' immigration barriers during the covid-19 pandemic and eliminating these barriers can be helpful to organize international immigrants.

RESPONSE OF THE RUSSIAN LABOR MARKET TO THE "FIRST" AND "SECOND" WAVES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The paper provides some results of a study of changes that have occurred in the labor markets of Russian regions during the "first" and "second" waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, it is shown that in 2020 — 2021 there were transformations in the structure of employment of the population of the Russian regions, for example, the number of vacancies in the industries that were most severely affected by the introduction of restrictive measures in the economy decreased, the unemployment rate increased significantly. The negative consequences of the pandemic in one way or another manifested themselves in all Russian regions. However, in a number of regions, which even before the pandemic showed an unstable dynamics of socio-economic development, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic had a more significant negative impact. This indicates that during a pandemic, divergence processes have intensified in the national economy. At the same time, during the pandemic, some new forms of employment were developed, associated with the need to switch to a remote mode of work. We believe that these new forms of employment will remain relevant both in Russian and international practice even after the end of the pandemic. The paper also analyzes the main measures of state support for the population, small and medium-sized businesses, and migrants. It is shown that, in general, the measures of state support during the pandemic were timely and made it possible to avoid the collapse of the national economy. It is concluded that support measures should be more regionally differentiated in order to take into account the specifics of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation.

THE RESULTS OF THE INTERREGIONAL POPULATION EXCHANGE IN RUSSIA FOR 1993-2019

The article examines the components of the balance of interregional migration of the Russian population for 27 post-Soviet years, from 1993 to 2019. The main macro-regions of Russia and the results of their interregional migration development for the period are being investigated. Trends and patterns are revealed. The first of them is a continuation of the super-concentration of the population in the first five regions — interregional migration recipients of the country (Moscow, Moscow region, St. Petersburg, Leningrad region and Krasnodar region) due, first of all, interregional migration. The latter as a whole for the period ranged from 3/4 to 4/5 of their migration growth. The balance of population placement in Russia continues to break down. All this is happening under the influence of market mechanisms and does not stop, but, on the contrary, is amplified in the 21st century. The steps of the authorities in this area remain not effective enough. The first five regions are fueled by migration through the country's most important territories, such as Siberia, the Far East and the European North, as well as at the expense of most other territories. Perhaps the only positive development in inter-regional migration in recent years is the increase in the outflow of predominantly rural populations from the overpopulated republics of the North Caucasus.