Seasonal Organization of Haemodynamics in Skiers with Sports Ranks Living in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Gudkov ◽  
◽  
Оlʼga N. Popova ◽  
Anatoliy А. Nebuchennykh ◽  
Ilʼya V. Manuylov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Myocardial Stress ◽  
Myocardial Efficiency

This paper analyses the results of a correlation analysis of haemodynamic parameters in 38 male skiers with the ranks of First- and Second-Class Sportsman aged between 18 and 22 years. Stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, myocardial efficiency index, myocardial stress index, left ventricular power index, and total peripheral resistance were determined 4 times a year (autumn, winter, spring and summer). It was found that not only the haemodynamic parameters, but also the connections between them change during the year. For instance, in skiers with sports ranks, stroke volume prevails in the structure of cardiac output, especially in autumn and winter, which indicates a significant chronotropic reserve of the cardiovascular system. Myocardial efficiency index is provided by the value of stroke volume. A correlation between myocardial efficiency index and left ventricular power index in skiers can be observed in autumn and, especially, in winter. The value of total peripheral resistance negatively affects cardiac output, stroke volume, myocardial stress index, heart rate, and left ventricular power index.

Effects of dihydroergotamine on hemodynamic molsidomine actions in anesthetized dogs

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker B. Fiedler ◽  
Helmut Göbel ◽  
Rolf-Eberhard Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Venous Capacitance ◽  
Heart Performance ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

In pentobarbital-anesthetized mongrel dogs the intravenous actions of 0.50 mg/kg molsidomine on pulmonary artery and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures and internal heart dimensions (preload), left ventricular systolic and peripheral blood pressures, and total peripheral resistance (afterload), as well as on heart rate, dP/dt, stroke volume, and cardiac output (heart performance) were studied for 2 h. Hemodynamic molsidomine effects were influenced by increasing amounts of intravenously infused dihydroergotamine solution (DHE, 1–64 μg∙kg−1∙min−1). Molsidomine decreased preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output for over 2 h but decreased ventricular and peripheral pressures for 45 min. Systemic vascular resistance showed a tendency to decrease while heart rate and LV dP/dtmax were not altered. DHE infusion reversed molsidomine effects on the preload and afterload of the heart. The diminished stroke volume was elevated so that cardiac output also increased. Total peripheral resistance increased while heart rate fell in a dose-dependent fashion. The LV dP/dtmax remained unchanged until the highest dose of 64 μg∙kg−1∙min−1 DHE elevated the isovolumic myocardial contractility. These experiments indicate that DHE can reverse the intravenous molsidomine effects on hemodynamics. Most likely, this is mediated through peripheral vasoconstriction of venous capacitance vessels, thereby affecting moldisomine's action on postcapillary beds of the circulation.

Peripheral circulatory control of cardiac output in diabetic rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. H836-H842 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Litwin ◽  
T. E. Raya ◽  
S. Daugherty ◽  
S. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Venous Compliance

Diabetes is believed to be associated with impaired systolic and diastolic function of the heart; however, some investigators have found that diabetic rats have increased cardiac output. We investigated changes in the peripheral circulation that could account for an increased cardiac output in diabetic rats (n = 30), 4 wk after a single tail vein injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), and age-matched control rats (n = 31). Compared with controls, diabetic rats exhibited decreased (P less than 0.05) mean arterial pressure, characteristic aortic impedence, and total peripheral resistance; however, cardiac index and stroke volume index were increased. Aortic compliance, mean circulatory filling pressure, central venous pressure, pressure gradient for venous return, and venous compliance were unchanged in the diabetic rats compared with control. Baseline left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic volume were increased in the diabetic rats. Following a volume load of 30 ml/kg, cardiac index and stroke volume index increased less in the diabetic than in the control rats (35 vs. 102% and 69 vs. 105%, respectively). Thus, even with impaired systolic function, cardiac output is increased or maintained in diabetic rats because of the combination of decreased afterload and maintenance of preload.

Hemodynamic responses to acute carboxyhemoglobinemia in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. H320-H327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Kanten ◽  
D. G. Penney ◽  
K. Francisco ◽  
J. E. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stroke Work

The effects of carbon monoxide on the hemodynamics of the adult rat were investigated. A number of parameters were measured using an open-chest, chloralose-urethan anesthetized preparation. Our experiments showed this anesthetic agent to have several advantages over pentobarbital sodium. One group inhaled 150 ppm CO for 0.5-2 h, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) reaching 16%. Heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, dF/dtmax (aortic), and stroke volume rose significantly; mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular systolic pressure fell, whereas stroke work, left ventricular dP/dtmax, and stroke power changed little. These effects were evident at a HbCO saturation as low as 7.5% (0.5 h). A second group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 5-48 h, HbCO reaching 35-38%. The same parameters changed in the same direction as in the first group, with mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance remaining depressed, while heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume remained elevated. Heart rate and arterial systolic pressure were also monitored in conscious rats; rats in one group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 24 h, and rats in a second group were injected with a bubble of pure CO ip. In both cases heart rate was sharply elevated and blood pressure depressed as HbCO saturation increased. Both parameters recovered on CO washout. There was no significant difference between the response to inhaled vs. injected CO.

Long-term hemodynamic actions of atrial natriuretic factor (99-126) in conscious sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. H811-H815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Parkes ◽  
J. P. Coghlan ◽  
J. G. McDougall ◽  
B. A. Scoggins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Natriuretic Factor ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of long-term (5 day) infusion of human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) were examined in conscious chronically instrumented sheep. Infusion of ANF at 20 micrograms/h, a rate below the threshold for an acute natriuretic effect, decreased blood pressure by 9 +/- 1 mmHg on day 5, associated with a fall in calculated total peripheral resistance. On day 1, ANF reduced cardiac output, stroke volume, and blood volume, effects that were associated with an increase in heart rate and calculated total peripheral resistance and a small decrease in blood pressure. On days 4 and 5 there was a small increase in urine volume and sodium excretion. On day 5 an increase in water intake and body weight was observed. No change was seen in plasma concentrations of renin, arginine vasopressin, glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone, or protein. This study suggests that the short-term hypotensive effect of ANF results from a reduction in cardiac output associated with a fall in both stroke volume and effective blood volume. However, after 5 days of infusion, ANF lowers blood pressure via a reduction in total peripheral resistance.

Cardiac output and left ventricular function in response to exercise in older men

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
Donald H. Paterson ◽  
David A. Cunningham ◽  
Douglas G. McLellan ◽  
William J. Kostuk
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Response To Exercise

Studies of the cardiovascular response to exercise in older subjects have presented conflicting data regarding left ventricular function, the cardiac output – oxygen consumption [Formula: see text] relationship, and the pattern of change in [Formula: see text], stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous O2 difference. We have examined the cardiovascular response to submaximal and strenuous exercise in 96 men of mean age 63 years during an incremental treadmill test with [Formula: see text] determined by CO2 rebreathing, and in 12 subjects studied during incremental supine exercise with left ventricular volumes evaluated by radionuclide angiocardiography. During treadmill exercise the [Formula: see text] was approximately 10% lower than reported for younger samples, with a lower intercept of the [Formula: see text] relationship. During near-maximal exercise [Formula: see text] was approximately 15 L∙min−1, with SV of 95 mL plateauing or showing a small decline in heavy work. Peak arteriovenous O2 difference (150+ mL∙L−1) approached values of the young. During the supine exercise SV increased from rest to exercise, with a consistent increase in ejection fraction (rest, 66%, to peak exercise, 76%). In contrast to a prior report, the end-diastolic volume was constant, with the increase of SV attributable to a reduced end-systolic volume. Also, in contrast to a number of reports in older subjects, our findings show only small losses in cardiovascular response, and in left ventricular performance during light through strenuous exercise.Key words: ejection fraction, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, [Formula: see text]peak, age.

In the Loop—Left Ventricular Pressures

2011 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
James R. Munis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
The Third

We've already looked at 2 types of pressure that affect physiology (atmospheric and hydrostatic pressure). Now let's consider the third: vascular pressures that result from mechanical events in the cardiovascular system. As you already know, cardiac output can be defined as the product of heart rate times stroke volume. Heart rate is self-explanatory. Stroke volume is determined by 3 factors—preload, afterload, and inotropy—and these determinants are in turn dependent on how the left ventricle handles pressure. In a pressure-volume loop, ‘afterload’ is represented by the pressure at the end of isovolumic contraction—just when the aortic valve opens (because the ventricular pressure is now higher than aortic root pressure). These loops not only are straightforward but are easier to construct just by thinking them through, rather than by memorization.

Effect of sympathetic blockade on diurnal variation of hemodynamic patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (3) ◽  
pp. R778-R785 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Talan ◽  
B. T. Engel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sympathetic Blockade ◽  
Selective Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood

Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressure were monitored continuously in each of four monkeys, 18 consecutive h/day for several weeks. The mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated for each minute and reduced to hourly means. After base-line data were collected for approximately 20 days, observation was continued for equal periods of time under conditions of alpha-sympathetic blockade, beta-sympathetic blockade, and double sympathetic blockade. This was achieved by intra-arterial infusion of prazosin, atenolol, or a combination of both in concentration sufficient for at least 75% reduction of response to injection of agonists. The results confirmed previous findings of a diurnal pattern characterized by a fall in cardiac output and a rise in total peripheral resistance throughout the night. This pattern was not eliminated by selective blockade, of alpha- or beta-sympathetic receptors or by double sympathetic blockade; in fact, it was exacerbated by sympathetic blockade, indicating that the sympathetic nervous system attenuates these events. Because these findings indicate that blood volume redistribution is probably not the mechanism mediating the observed effects, we have hypothesized that a diurnal loss in plasma volume may mediate the fall in cardiac output and that the rise in total peripheral resistance reflects a homeostatic regulation of arterial pressure.

Acute plasma expansion: left ventricular hemodynamics and endocrine function during exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Kanstrup ◽  
J. Marving ◽  
P. F. Hoilund-Carlsen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Plasma Expansion ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Dextran Solution

In 11 healthy subjects (8 males and 3 females, age 21–59 yr) left ventricular end-diastolic (LVEDV) and end-systolic (LVESV) volumes were measured in the supine position by isotope cardiography at rest and during two submaximal one-legged exercise loads before and 1 h after acute plasma expansion (PE) by use of a 6% dextran solution (500–750 ml). After PE, blood volume increased from 5.22 +/- 0.92 to 5.71 +/- 1.02 (SD) liters (P < 0.01). At rest, cardiac output increased 30% (5.3 +/- 1.0 to 6.9 +/- 1.6 l/min; P < 0.01), stroke volume increased from 90 +/- 20 to 100 +/- 28 ml (P < 0.05), and LVEDV increased from 134 +/- 29 to 142 +/- 40 ml (NS). LVESV was unchanged (44 +/- 11 and 42 +/- 14 ml). Heart rate rose from 60 +/- 7 to 71 +/- 10 beats/min (P < 0.01). The cardiac preload [central venous pressure (CVP)] was insignificantly elevated (4.9 +/- 2.1 and 5.3 +/- 3.0 mmHg); systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressures were significantly reduced (mean pressure fell from 91 +/- 11 to 85 +/- 11 mmHg, P < 0.01). Left ventricular peak filling and peak ejection rates both increased (19 and 14%, respectively; P < 0.05). During exercise, cardiac output remained elevated after PE compared with the control situation, predominantly due to a 10- to 14-ml rise in stroke volume caused by an increased LVEDV, whereas LVESV was unchanged. CVP increased after PE by 2.1 and 3.0 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.05).2+ remained unchanged during exercise compared with rest after PE in

Orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Buckey ◽  
L. D. Lane ◽  
B. D. Levine ◽  
D. E. Watenpaugh ◽  
S. J. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Orthostatic intolerance occurs commonly after spaceflight, and important aspects of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We studied 14 individuals supine and standing before and after three space shuttle missions of 9-14 days. After spaceflight, 9 of the 14 (64%) crew members could not complete a 10-min stand test that all completed preflight. Pre- and postflight supine hemodynamics were similar in both groups except for slightly higher systolic and mean arterial pressures preflight in the finishers [15 +/- 3.7 and 8 +/- 1.2 (SE) mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05]. Postflight, finishers and nonfinishers had equally large postural reductions in stroke volume (-47 +/- 3.7 and -48 +/- 3.3 ml, respectively) and increases in heart rate (35 +/- 6.6 and 51 +/- 5.2 beats/min, respectively). Cardiac output during standing was also similar (3.6 +/- 0.4 and 4.1 +/- 0.3 l/min, respectively). However, the finishers had a greater postflight vasoconstrictor response with higher total peripheral resistance during standing (22.3 +/- 1.2 units preflight and 29.4 +/- 2.3 units postflight) than did the nonfinishers (20.1 +/- 1.1 units preflight and 19.9 +/- 1.4 units postflight). We conclude that 1) the primary systemic hemodynamic event, i.e., the postural decrease in stroke volume, was similar in finishers and nonfinishers and 2) the heart rate response and cardiac output during standing were not significantly different, but 3) the postural vasoconstrictor response was significantly greater among the finishers (P < 0.01).

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