Prevalence of Black Stains in School Going Children in age Group 6-12 Years

Keyword(s):  
1998 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Marianne Verhallen-van Ling

The most frequently used Dutch language course for primary schools (Taal actief, 'Language actively') was analysed with respect to vocabulary teaching. The analysis was restricted to the materials for 'group 6' (children of about 10 years old). It was shown that vocabulary was part of the curriculum, but only in a limited and non-systematic way. Only about 350 words which seemed adequate for the age group considered were presented in the course material. Furthermore, the words seemed to be randomly selected. Relatively few of the tasks and exercises were directed at the learning of new words or new word meanings. Most tasks had to do with the relation between words, for example providing words with opposite meanings. Generally, the exercises did not aim at the acquisition of new words and meanings, but at the testing of word knowledge.


Author(s):  
S H Sontakke ◽  
V H Shende ◽  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
J R Khadse ◽  
V V Potdar ◽  
...  

The study was conducted to assess the effect of age and season on seminal traits of pure HF bulls under tropical condition. A total of 30 HF bulls of age group up to 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8 and above 8 years were selected and divided into 3 seasons viz rainy, summer and winter. The breeding bulls were kept under intensive system of rearing as per MSP guidelines of India. Semen was collected, evaluated and data analyzed by using standard procedures. The overall production and all the seminal traits viz volume, initial motility and post thaw motility was found to be better in summer season as compare to rainy and winter season. However, there was no significant change in concentration due to season. Among all the age groups, 8 years and above were found to produce highest volume, post thaw motility and eventually more production. Highest percentage of initial motility was recorded among the youngest group of bulls and concentration was significantly (plessthan0.01) high in the age group 6-7years followed by 8 and above 8 years of age. The study revealed that age and season have highly significant (plessthan0.01) effect on all the seminal traits and production.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Lavanya P ◽  
◽  
Prasanna Shankar Babu T G ◽  
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Suchita Dattatraya Gharat ◽  
Pallavi Bhirud ◽  
Ashwini Shitre

Teething, i.e. the process of eruption of teeth is a natural developmental process and is regarded as an important milestone in a child’s growth and development. The first period of teething takes about two and a half years, with the first tooth erupting between six and eight months and all other teeth before the age of three years. Teething pain sometimes referred to as “Dentitio Difficilis” i.e. the commonest symptom associated with the eruption of primary dentition. The redness and swelling of the gums before a tooth comes through is the cause for the pain which baby experiences during teething. In Ayurveda, painful teething can be co related to Dantodabhedajanya Shoola. It is described in classical text like Kashyapa Samhita, Ashtanga Hriday, Ashtanga Sangraha. Prevalence rate of painful teething in India is 68%. Therefore, this study was planned to facilitates healthy and pain free dentition. For this, 60 patients of age group 6 months to 24 months of both sexes were randomly selected from OPD of Kaumarbhritya department of D. Y. Patil College of Ayurveda, Nerul, New Mumbai Maharashtra, and Vachadi Ghruta is given according to age criteria. All children were subjected to symptoms, before and after 3 months of treatment. The study has proved that efficacy of drug is found to be effective in the management of painful dentition.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mesfin Aklilu ◽  
Wogayehu Tadele ◽  
Amelework Alemu ◽  
Sintayehu Abdela ◽  
Garuma Getahun ◽  
...  

Objective. The study objective was to estimate the burden of human rabies in Ethiopia from 2015–2019. Study Design. A descriptive study design was applied to measure the size of the problem. Method. Retrospective data were used from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute rabies case record book that was registered between 2015 to 2019. Result. Eighty-seven (87) cases of human rabies were diagnosed clinically in the Ethiopian Public Health Institute over the period of five years (2015–2019) with 100% case fatality. Of these, 83 (95.4%) cases were attributed to dog bites, whereas 1 (1.1%) to a cat and 3 (3.4%) to wild animals. The fatalities were from Oromia (n = 51 (58.6%), 13 (14.9%) were from Amhara, 15 (17.2%) were from Addis Ababa, and 8 (9.2%) from the Southern region. All referred cases had no record of immunization against rabies except eight. Ineffective postexposure treatment was the reason for 5 (5.7%) deaths. Out of 1,652 brain samples of different animals, mainly dogs, submitted for examination, 1,122 (68%) were found to be positive for rabies by the FAT. Dog bites were more common among males than females. The number of dog bite victims who had visited the EPHI counseling office and recommended to take postexposure prophylaxis against rabies both from Addis Ababa and the surrounding areas were 9,592 and 4,192, respectively. Out of these, 5,708 were males and 3,884 females for the capital Addis Ababa. Similarly, 2,439 males and 1,753 females account for areas surrounding Addis Ababa. Among those exposed from Addis Ababa, 1,079 (11.2%) were in the age group less than five, 1696 (17.7%) were in the age group 6–13, and 6,817 (71.1%) in the age group 14 and greater. Victims from outside of the capital Addis Ababa account for 644 (15.4%) for the age group less than 5 years, 964 (23%) for the age group 6–13 and, 2,584 (61.6%) for the age group 14 and greater. Conclusion. Mechanisms must be sought to reduce the cost of PEP and means of obtaining funds so as to initiate timely treatment for rabies exposed individuals of low socioeconomic status. Besides prevention, strategies should focus on public education and strict dog population control.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Nembhwani ◽  
Jasmin Winnier

Summary Background/Aim: Eating behaviour in children has wide range from anorexia, to selective eating, fussy eater, neophobic/pouching of food & slow eating. Eating behaviour in childhood has been implicated in the development of dental caries and further affecting the body mass index of the child. The aim was to assess the Problematic Eating Behaviour (PEB) and its association with dental caries status of the child. Material and Methods: Parents of 150 children between 3-8 years of age were divided into 2 groups, Group A (3-5 years) and Group B (6-8 years). The parents completed the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) & the child’s dental caries status was recorded. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis using unpaired t test & Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that the dental caries status was significantly higher in younger age group (3-5 years) than older age group (6-8 years). Further evaluating the PEB using CEBQ, there was no significant relation found between PEB and dental caries in younger age group of children (3-5 years), but in the older age group (6-8 years) the Factor 4 Desire to Drink (p=0,274) and Factor 5 Satiety Responsiveness (p=0,291) were significantly associated to the dental caries. Conclusions: Eating behaviour can contribute to the development of caries and this has been successfully studied with the use of CEBQ in the present study.


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