Food Insecurity, Standard of Living and Nutritional Status of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) on ART: Rural–Urban Differences

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

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Food insecurity and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of Wollega zones, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2019

10.21203/rs.2.19587/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Adugna Oluma ◽

Muktar Abadiga ◽

Getu Mosisa ◽

Werku Etafa ◽

Ginenus Fekadu

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background : Food insecurity and HIV/AIDS are intertwined in a vicious cycle through nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways. Food insecurity is a potentially important barrier to the success of antiretroviral treatment, increased hospitalizations, and higher morbidity among HIV-infected individuals in resource-poor settings particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving ART at public hospitals of wollega zone, west Ethiopia. Methods : An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 428 among people living with HIV/AIDS on follow up receiving anti-retroviral therapy at public hospitals of wollega zones. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and dietary diversity scale by interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data was checked, cleaned and entered into Epi data version 3.1 and then exported into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) window version 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistics - cross-tabulation frequency table, mean, standard deviation, percentage, were employed. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were used with AOR at CI 95% and p<0.05 were used. Result: The overall prevalence of food insecurity among PLWHA receiving ART therapy was 68.8% which was partitioned as mild (23.32%), moderate (29.09%) and severe (16.35%) food in secured. Being single [AOR=3.507(1.377, 8.934)], illiterate [AOR=5.234(1.747, 15.686)], cigarette smoking [AOR=3.577(2.104, 6.081)], presence of anemia (AOR=2.650(1.563, 4.493)] and inadequate dietary diversity [AOR=2.870(1.088, 7.569)] were predictors of food insecurity. Conclusion : The prevalence of food insecurity was relatively high. Educational status, marital status, cigarette smoking, presence of anemia, opportunistic infection and inadequate dietary diversity were the major significant factors affecting food insecurity. We recommended Wollega Zonal Health Bureaus to effectively intervene in behavioral modification and health information dissemination (HID) which is the key strategies to improve food security.

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STATUS GIZI, AKTIVITAS FISIK, PERSEPSI MANFAAT, DAN HAMBATAN PEMENUHAN ASUPAN GIZI ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS

GIZI INDONESIA ◽

10.36457/gizindo.v44i1.556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 41-54

Author(s):

Forman Novrindo Sidjabat ◽

Nining Tyas Triatmaja ◽

Amelia Bevi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Activity Level ◽

Nutritional Intake ◽

Vitamin B ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

One of the efforts to improve the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is to maintain optimal nutritional status so that it can increase immunity to infection and disease, increase energy and be more productive. This study aims to describe the nutritional status, physical activity, and perceived benefits and barriers to fulfilling the nutritional intake of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This research was a descriptive study using mixed methods. Data were collected on 5 female PLWH informants using a 2x24 hour food recall to determine consumption patterns and measure nutritional status based on BMI and the adequacy of nutritional intake (macro includes energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates; and micro including Vit. A, Vit. B, Vit. C, Zn); and the calculation of physical activity used the Physical Activity Level (PAL). In-depth interviews were conducted to explore perceived the benefits and barriers of PLWHA to fulfilling their nutritional needs and were analyzed using the Rapid and Rigorous Qualitative Data Analysis technique with triangulation informant. The BMI status of informants was 3 normal informants, 1 overweight informant, and 1 obese informant. Types of physical activity carried out were 4 informants doing light physical activity and 1 informant doing moderate physical activity. The frequency of eating the seams of informants is 3 times a day and the number of informants with normal adequacy of fat and energy intake is 1 informant each and 2 informants protein, carbohydrate nutrition intake is not sufficient. The adequacy of normal micronutrients is vitamin b for 2 informants, vitamin c, and b for 1 informant each. The informants know that nutrients can increase immunity, but the types of consumption by the informants have not varied. Assistance services, counseling, and nutrition education are also needed during the HIV / AIDS treatment process.ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya meningkatkan kualitas hidup Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) adalah mempertahankan status gizi optimal sehingga dapat meningkatkan kekebalan terhadap infeksi dan penyakit, peningkatan energi dan akan lebih produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan status gizi, aktivitas fisik, serta persepsi manfaat dan hambatan pemenuhan asupan gizi orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan metode campuran. Data dikumpulkan pada 5 informan ODHA perempuan dengan menggunakan food recall 2x24 jam untuk mengetahui pola konsumsi dan mengukur status gizi berdasar pada IMT dan kecukupan asupan gizi (makro meliputi energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat; dan mikro meliputi vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, Zn); perhitungan aktivitas fisik menggunakan Physical Activity Level (PAL). Wawancara mendalam dilakukan untuk menggali persepsi manfaat dan hambatan ODHA mencukupi kebutuhan gizi dan dianalisa menggunakan teknik Rapid and Rigorous Qualitative Data Analysis dengan informan triangulasi. Status IMT informan adalah 3 informan normal, 1 informan gemuk, dan 1 informan obesitas. Jenis aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan adalah 4 informan melakukan aktivitas fisik ringan dan 1 informan melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang. Frekuensi makan keliman informan sebanyak 3x sehari dan jumlah informan dengan kecukupan normal pada asupan lemak dan energi masing-masing 1 informan dan protein sebanyak 2 informan, asupan gizi karbohidrat tidak tercukupi. Kecukupan gizi mikro normal adalah vitamin B pada 2 informan, vitamin C dan B masing-masing 1 informan. Informan mengetahui zat gizi dapat meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh tapi jenis konsumsi informan belum beragam. Diperlukan juga layanan pendampingan, konseling dan edukasi gizi, selama proses pengobatan HIV/AIDS.Kata kunci: HIV/AIDS, ODHA, angka kecukupan gizi

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Nutritional Status and Health Characteristics of People Living with HIV/AIDS

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (T6) ◽

pp. 153-158

Author(s):

Siti Ulfah Rifa'atul Fitri ◽

Kusman Ibrahim ◽

Siti Sandra Liani ◽

Laili Rahayuwati ◽

Yusshy Kurnia Herliani

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Good Condition ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Physical Aspect ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Choice ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection may impact the individual's life, including the physical aspect such as the length of HIV diagnosed, WHO stage, the ART, and the psychological aspect such as the level of stress. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have an increased need for energy but they have symptoms of lack of nutrition intake. Therefore, PLWHA has a risk of low nutrition status. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between nutritional status and health characteristics among HIV/AIDS patients. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was conducted among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in outpatients’ hospital. A purposive sampling method was used and the sample size was 78 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaire of were the socio-demographic, health characteristic, and nutritional status. The cross-tabulation calculations used chi-square were presented to identify the relationship between nutritional status and health characteristics. Results: The majority of respondents had good health characteristics include the length of HIV diagnosis more than 6 months (79.5%), clinical WHO stage I (61.5%), no stress level (94.9%), and the first choice of ART (83.3%). The nutritional status reported that the majority of the respondents had normal BMI (61.5%), MUAC not at risk (>23,5 cm) (71.8%), and a moderate level of energy intake (37.2%). There were no significant associations between the nutritional status and health characteristics (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The good condition of health characteristics among PLWHA in this study impacted the level the nutritional status.

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Health, Nutrition and Treatment Compliance of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) at the Liberian Government Hospital in Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, Liberia

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2021/v42i930485 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 47-59

Author(s):

Arthureen Tina Nessian ◽

Leila S. Africa ◽

Jaidee P. Agne ◽

Kristine V. Montecillo

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Government Hospital ◽

Acute Hiv Infection ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Aims: To assess the nutritional and health status, and compliance with treatment and health services of adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending Liberian Government Hospital (LGH). Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: LGH, Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, 2018 Methodology: The survey was conducted among 90 adults PLWHA. Results: The majority had acute HIV infection, and tuberculosis and herpes zoster were the most contracted opportunistic infections. Although the majority had normal nutritional status, malnutrition was still observed especially among the women. Most had poor diet diversity and claimed to have faced challenges, mainly monetary concerns, while some experienced other traumatic events. A few also showed indications of self-harm. Moreover, they generally have a good health condition and medication adherence and demonstrated substantial knowledge about the disease and its treatment. Compliance was found to be associated with the health status of the participants, but not with their nutrition status, socio-economic and other characteristics. Conclusion: The results provide an insight into the nutritional status and compliance of the adult PLWHA in Liberia. It is hoped that this study would be useful in crafting and enhancing existing intervention programs and policies promoting the better quality of life of adult PLWHA in the country.

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Relapse of undernutrition and food insecurity in a nutritional program in HIV care: mixed-methods study in Tigray region, Ethiopia.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15550/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fisaha Tesfay ◽

Anna Ziersch ◽

Sara Javanparast ◽

Lillian Mwanri

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Functional Status ◽

Hiv Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Tigray Region ◽

Nutritional Recovery ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Food insecurity is one of the major contributors to poor attainment of nutritional recovery among people living with HIV who are enrolled in nutritional programs. Nevertheless, nutritional programs in HIV care settings implemented in many countries are not designed to address food insecurity. This study in Tigray region Ethiopia examined relapse of undernutrition, and in particular how food insecurity had an impact on effectiveness of the nutritional program, specifically relapse of undernutrition after nutritional recovery Methods This study employed mixed-methods approach involving quantitative and qualitative methods. In the quantitative part, hospital records were collected of 1757 adults and 236 children living with HIV who were enrolled in the nutritional program. Logistic and cox-regression analysis were used to analyse the data. In the qualitative study, data was collected through in-depth interviews with 20 adults, 15 caregivers of children living with HIV, and 13 health providers and program managers. Thematic framework analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. Results Among those who graduated from the nutritional program, 18% of adults and 7% of children relapsed. Lower educational status (primary and secondary), no membership of a community HIV support group, ambulatory and bedridden functional status, longer periods on ART (more than 24 months), presence of an opportunistic infection and poor baseline nutritional status were associated with relapse. Furthermore, those from rural areas, who did not attend formal education, were employed and had bedridden functional status, anaemia and worst nutritional status were likely to have more frequent episodes of relapse than their counterparts. Findings of the qualitative study also highlighted that poverty, poor livelihood, and food insecurity were the fundamental challenges to the effectiveness of nutritional programs in HIV care including relapse. Household food insecurity contributed to the selling and sharing of the nutritional supports and negatively impacted program effectiveness by contributing to relapse of undernutrition. Conclusions Unless nutritional programs take into consideration the underlying determinants of food insecurity in the design, implementation, and funding of nutritional programs in HIV care, the success of the nutritional programs like those implemented in Ethiopia will be undermined.

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Household food security and associated factors among Adult people living with HIV/AIDS attending ART clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia 2017

10.21203/rs.2.9380/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

REKIKU Fikre ABEBE ◽

Tamrayhu seyoum

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Study Participant ◽

Household Food Security ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Abstract Introduction: Globally 78 million peoples have been infected with HIV/AIDS. Ethiopia has one of the largest populations of HIV infected people in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. The relationship between HIV epidemic and food security situation in Ethiopia is complex. Hence, it is likely that the epidemic will contribute to worsening widespread food insecurity. The aim of study was to assess the level of food security and associated factors among adult people living with HIV /AIDS attending ART Clinic in Hospitals of Hawassa city Administration. Methodology: Thisinstitutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to select a total of 532 study participant. Data entry was done with EPI-info version 3.5.3 and transferred into SPSS Version 20. Crude with adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval at p- value < 0.05were computed to examine statistical significance. Results:Based on food security assessment core module scale 360 (67.3%) People living with HIV/AIDSwere food insecure. People living with HIV/AIDSwho disclose HIV status were 3.9 (AOR=3.902, 95% CI (1.238, 12.301) times more likely to be food secured compared with their counterparts.Similarly, those who were with high and medium dietary diversity were about 5 times more likely to be house hold food insecure compared to those with low dietary diversity AOR= 4.990(2.488,10.05), AOR= 4.696(1.54,14.36), respectively. Conclusions:Food Security status among People living with HIV/AIDSon ART in Hawassa town was low. Dietary diversity, household size, and disclosing HIV status were found to be significant predictors of food security. Key words: Food security, food insecurity ,Adult living with HIV/AIDS.

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