Vergleich seismischer Schnittgrößen aus CMS und UHS für vier Schweizer Bestandsbrücken/Comparison of seismic internal forces from CMS and UHS for four Swiss bridges

Bauingenieur ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 266-274
Author(s):  
Thomas Walti ◽  
Dirk Proske ◽  
Kevin Schaffner ◽  
Marcel Imhof ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Internal Forces

In diesem Beitrag werden die seismischen Schnittgrößen von vier Schweizer Bestandsbrücken mit den Verfahren der Conditional Mean Spectra (CMS) und der Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) berechnet und verglichen. Bei den Brücken handelt es sich um zwei Stahlbeton- und zwei Stahlbrücken, von denen jeweils eine für den Straßen- und eine für den Eisenbahnverkehr genutzt wird. Durch die Brückenauswahl soll die Gültigkeit der Untersuchungsergebnisse für die gewählten Brückentypen und Nutzungszwecke gezeigt werden. Im Mittel zeigen die Berechnungen bei Anwendung CMS geringere Schnittgrößen als bei Anwendung UHS. Die Differenz ist jedoch geringer als basierend auf der Literatur und auf eigenen Voruntersuchungen zu erwarten war. Dazu kommt, dass die praktische Anwendung im Ingenieurbüro mit den heutigen Softwarelösungen sehr aufwendig ist. Prinzipiell zeigen die Berechnungen aber auch, dass die Differenzen auf Bauteilebene signifikant sein können und dass programmtechnische Verbesserungen die Anwendung in der Praxis erlauben würden.

Conditional Mean Spectra Given a Vector of Spectral Accelerations at Multiple Periods

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Kishida
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Uniform Hazard Spectra ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Design Spectra ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Spectral Accelerations ◽  
Pseudo Spectral

Conditional mean spectra (CMS) are generally defined as expected pseudo-spectral accelerations (PSA) conditioned on uniform hazard spectra (UHS) at a selected period. Many design practices prefer CMS because UHS conservatively envelop the large amplitudes of PSA within a single ground motion. However, in some situations, CMS are preferred given target spectra from UHS at multiple periods (CMSV) for satisfying design requirements. This study presents the mathematical formula of CMSV and describes the methodology to compute CMSV with application examples. The presented method for computing CMSV can provide the transitional design spectra between currently used CMS and UHS depending on the selected conditioning periods.

Produktivkraft als Versprechen

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siefkes
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
A Minor

The ‘Fragment on Machines’ from Marx’s Grundrisse is often cited as an argument that the internal forces of capitalism will lead to its doom. But the argument that the progressive reduction of labor must doom capitalism lacks a proper foundation, as a comparison with the ‘Schemes of Reproduction’ given in Capital II shows. The latter, however, aren’t fully convincing either. In reality, more depends on the private consumption of capitalists than either model recognizes. Ultimately, most can be made of the ‘Fragment on Machines’ by reading it not as an exposure of capitalism’s internal contractions, but as a discussion of a possible communist future where labor (or work) will play but a minor role.

Determination of Internal Forces in End Plates of Simple End Plate Joints

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (-1) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Stefan Dominikowski ◽  
Piotr Bogacz
Keyword(s):  
End Plate ◽  
Internal Forces

NKVD INTERNAL FORCES IN YELETS'S OFFENSIVE OPERATION (ON ARCHIVAL MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
V.M. Magomedkhanov ◽  
◽  
A.B. Orishev ◽  
V.V. Ryapolov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Forces

THE SUPPORT BONDS RIGIDITY INFLUENCES ON THE CARRYING CAPACITY REDUCTION OF THE SHALLOW SHELLS ON A RECTANGULAR PLAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.G. KOLESNIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Variable Thickness ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Geometric Nonlinearity ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Geometrically Nonlinear ◽  
Loss Of Stability ◽  
Shallow Shells ◽  
Capacity Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Hinged Support

Geometric nonlinearity shallow shells on a square and rectangular plan with constant and variable thickness are considered. Loss of stability of a structure due to a decrease in the rigidity of one of the support (transition from fixed support to hinged support) is considered. The Bubnov-Galerkin method is used to solve differential equations of shallow geometrically nonlinear shells. The Vlasov's beam functions are used for approximating. The use of dimensionless quantities makes it possible to repeat the calculations and obtain similar dependences. The graphs are given that make it possible to assess the reduction in the critical load in the shell at each stage of reducing the rigidity of the support and to predict the further behavior of the structure. Regularities of changes in internal forces for various types of structure support are shown. Conclusions are made about the necessary design solutions to prevent the progressive collapse of the shell due to a decrease in the rigidity of one of the supports.

LATERAL VIBRATIONS OF BEAMS ON AN ELASTIC BASE AT CHANGING THE SUPPORTING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
E.V. LEONTIEV ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Dynamic Problem ◽  
Static Problem ◽  
Elastic Base ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Lateral Vibrations ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
Vibration Loads ◽  
The Right

The paper considers the system "beam - elastic foundation", in which a beam with free edges was at first on a solid elastic foundation, but when a defect suddenly forms in the foundation under the right side of the beam, part of foundation was removed from design model. As a result of calculations performed by the method of initial parameters, the displacements and internal forces for the static problem are determined. The dynamic problem of determining the forces and displacements was solved, taking into account the three vibration loads F (t) = F sinγt applied at arbitrary points d when the conditions for supporting the right side of the beam on an elastic foundation were changed, the values of the dynamics coefficients were determined. Conditions are formulated that must be taken into account when analyzing the dynamic behavior of a structure under the influence of vibration loads in the case of a change in the conditions of bearing on an elastic foundation.

LBE for Generalized Hydrodynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Succi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generalized Hydrodynamics ◽  
Internal Forces

This chapter presents the main techniques to incorporate the effects of external and/or internal forces within the LB formalism. This is a very important task, for it permits us to access a wide body of generalized hydrodynamic applications whereby fluid motion couples to a variety of additional physical aspects, such as gravitational and electric fields, potential energy interactions, chemical reactions and many others. It should be emphasized that while hosting a broader and richer phenomenology than “plain” hydrodynamics, generalized hydrodynamics still fits the hydrodynamic picture of weak departure from suitably generalized local equilibria. This class is all but an academic curiosity; for instance, it is central to the fast-growing science of Soft Matter, a scientific discipline which has received an impressive boost in the past decades, under the drive of micro- and nanotechnological developments and major strides in biology and life sciences at large.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Sampling-Recovery Algorithm of a Realization of Gaussian Processes on the Input and Output of Linear Systems

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kazakov ◽  
Mauro A. Enciso ◽  
Francisco Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Processes ◽  
Research Method ◽  
General Algorithm ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Recovery Algorithm ◽  
Conditional Mean ◽  
Quality Of Recovery ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Statistical Relationships

Based on the application of the conditional mean rule, a sampling-recovery algorithm is studied for a Gaussian two-dimensional process. The components of such a process are the input and output processes of an arbitrary linear system, which are characterized by their statistical relationships. Realizations are sampled in both processes, and the number and location of samples in the general case are arbitrary for each component. As a result, general expressions are found that determine the optimal structure of the recovery devices, as well as evaluate the quality of recovery of each component of the two-dimensional process. The main feature of the obtained algorithm is that the realizations of both components or one of them is recovered based on two sets of samples related to the input and output processes. This means that the recovery involves not only its own samples of the restored realization, but also the samples of the realization of another component, statistically related to the first one. This type of general algorithm is characterized by a significantly improved recovery quality, as evidenced by the results of six non-trivial examples with different versions of the algorithms. The research method used and the proposed general algorithm for the reconstruction of multidimensional Gaussian processes have not been discussed in the literature.

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