scholarly journals Senpai: Learner Responses to a Near-Peer Role Modeling Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Jason Walters

Though Japanese learners often express a preference for so-called “native” English teachers, a growing body of research indicates that their development of multilingual identity is more positively influenced by those with whom they readily identify—other successful Japanese learners. This mixed methods study, conducted in tandem with an existing communication strategy curriculum, explored university students’ responses to a “near-peer role modeling” intervention combining prerecorded video with reflective practice. Participants included two groups, both majoring in Japanese, enrolled in a compulsory 1st-year English conversation tutorial course. Results indicate that less confident students may experience positive belief changes and increased classroom participation following exposure to near-peer role models. More confident learners did not exhibit these changes to a significant degree. Moreover, following this intervention, lower-performing students responded more positively to statements expressing self-efficacy. Participants’ use of Japanese respect language may illuminate to what extent near-peers are valued as role models. 日本の学習者達は「英語母語話者」である英語教師から指導を受ける事が理想的だという意見をよく示すが、近年の研究調査では、学習者にとって最もお手本となる人物は自身の身近に存在する英語を使いこなす日本人英語学習者(NPRM)であると主張されている。本研究では、混合研究法を用い1学期間のNPRM活動を通して学習者の信念の変化を探究した。映像と反省的実践を用いた実験的手法は、既存の会話手法習得の為のカリキュラムと並行して導入された。結果として、英語能力に自信のない学習者達は模範的な日本人から受ける自己効力感について肯定的な変化を示し、学習活動への参加が増加した。一方で、英語能力に自信のある学習者達は明確な変化を示さなかった。量的な結果は面談調査と映像を見た後の学習者による感想文を用いた質的データにより解釈が可能となった。参加者たちが使用する日本語の尊敬語である先輩という表現はどの級友がロールモデルであると理解されているかの程度を示している。本研究は独特な教育環境によって行われた為、更なる詳細な研究調査が必要となるだろう。

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. e1052-e1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavjay Butani ◽  
Debora A. Paterniti ◽  
Daniel J. Tancredi ◽  
Su-Ting T. Li

Author(s):  
Leila Bazrafkan ◽  
Ali Asghar Hayat ◽  
Seyed Ziaaddin Tabei ◽  
Leila Amirsalari

Today, role modeling is an essential component of medical education that facilitates the students' learning and affects their attitudes and behaviors. Hence, this study aimed to examine the characteristics of positive and negative role models using a mixed method approach. In the quantitative part, data were collected using a questionnaire with 24 items. The research population included medical students who were in their clinical period between May 2017 and December 2018 at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (n = 750). A total of 282 questionnaires were completed by these students, and in the qualitative part, 26 semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. The most important components of role modeling for students included: individual characteristics, clinical skills and competence, teaching skills and professionalism, in that order. The qualitative analysis confirmed the results of the quantitative analysis. The findings showed that the characteristics of a negative role model can also be classified in four main components. The results demonstrated that 46.8% of the students identified one or more medical teachers as negative models. Students paid attention to not only the positive characteristics of their teachers, but also their negative features, stating that they had been influenced by both. Therefore, it can be concluded that clinical teachers should improve their performance as positive role models through reducing these negative effects and reinforcing positive characteristics


Author(s):  
Michael Pradel ◽  
Jakob Henriksson ◽  
Uwe Aßmann

Although ontologies are gaining more and more acceptance, they are often not engineered in a component-based manner due to, among various reasons, a lack of appropriate constructs in current ontology languages. This hampers reuse and makes creating new ontologies from existing building blocks difficult. We propose to apply the notion of roles and role modeling to ontologies and present an extension of the Web Ontology Language OWL for this purpose. Ontological role models allow for clearly separating different concerns of a domain and constitute an intuitive reuse unit.


2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Moberg

Abstract:Role modeling is widely thought to be a principal vehicle for acquiring the virtues. Yet, little is known about role modeling as a process. This paper surveys the behavioral sciences for insights about how one person can find the actions of another person so inspirational that the person attempts to reproduce the behavior in question. In general, such inspiration occurs when an observer sees a model similar to herself, wrestling with a problem she is having, such that the model’s accomplishments are seen as attainable. When the behavior modeled is moral, additional complications arise, not the least of which is the contemporary skepticism about anyone held up as a hero. The paper concludes with some suggestions about how organizations can facilitate the development of the virtues through role modeling.


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Briggs ◽  
Lauren Grella ◽  
Tessa Allen Burton ◽  
Megan Yarmuth ◽  
Trish Taylor

A literature review was conducted on behalf of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to inform the development of the communications component of a teen dating violence prevention initiative entitled Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships. The review aimed to identify who influences youth in high-risk urban communities and how to best engage them. Sources included published peer-reviewed studies supplemented by publicly available data, research, and trend reports. The review identified four core influencer groups: peers, mass media, role models/mentors, and parents. Peers have a unique influence, especially with regard to dating and dating violence, which teens are more likely to discuss with peers than adults. Mass media is another key influence because of this audience’s high rates of media consumption and because it can deliver messages directly to youth. Role models and mentors—for example, family members, other known individuals, and media figures—all have a strong impact on the values, attitudes, and behaviors of our audience. Parents are also a critical source of influence, but poverty and communication challenges appear to weaken this influence. Understanding that teens prefer to talk to peers about their dating experiences, value peer opinions on dating more than those of other influencers, and are more likely to conform to peer norms than parent beliefs, it is recommended that the communications component of Dating Matters leverage the power of peer influence and incorporate it into a direct-to-youth communication strategy. Influencer-to-youth programming that provides parents and mentors with communications skills training may be an important complement to this approach and can be provided through other components of the Dating Matters initiative.


2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1791-96
Author(s):  
Syed Muslim Abbas ◽  
Abid Ashar

Objective: To explore medical undergraduate students’ perceptions pertaining to the key domains of leadership and highlight strategies to enhance leadership skills in undergraduate studies. Study Design: Mixed methods study. Place and Duration of Study: Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, from Sep to Oct 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 medical students were recruited from the first and final year by purposive sampling to fill out a structured questionnaire. Three focus group discussions were conducted comprising of twelve students in each group. All focus groups were audio-recorded, anonymized and transcribed verbatim before the analysis by framework analysis technique. Results: Total fifty percent of the first-year students were of the view that ensuring patient safety was an important component of the leadership domain of improving services whereas only 11% responded as critically evaluating as a component of this domain. The themes that emerged pertaining to the strategies to enhance leadership skills included increasing awareness, role models depicting change, cultural challenges, and supplementing existing practices. Conclusions: The validated essential domains of leadership and its associated competencies should be streamlined strategically and prioritized in accordance with the level of training of the undergraduate medical students. A multicentre study is suggested to gather data at the national level which could inform further development of inclusion of leadership domains within undergraduate MBBS curriculum.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS CARLOS DOMINGUEZ ◽  
Diana Dolmans ◽  
Willem de Grave ◽  
Jeroen Donkers ◽  
Alvaro Sanabria ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Supervisors’ leadership style can enhance resident performance, especially in terms of their ability to deal with the demands in the workplace and to take advantage of the available resources. Dealing with job demands and resources is known as job crafting, which has implications for the persistence of residents in training. The link between supervisors’ leadership style and residents’ job crafting, however, is not well understood.Methods This mixed-methods study sought to explore the relationships between a transformational (team-oriented), transactional (task-oriented), and laissez-faire (passive) supervisory style and residents’ job crafting and to explain these relationships. Residents filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to rate their supervisors’ leadership style and the Dutch job-crafting scale to assess their own job crafting. We tested the relationships using linear mixed effects regression analysis. To explain the ensuing results, we subsequently conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with residents.Results One hundred and sixteen residents from 7 surgical programs participated. A transformational leadership style had a positive effect on residents’ job crafting (b = 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.32; p = 0.009), whereas the transactional and laissez-faire styles did not. This could be explained by the fact that residents felt their transformational supervisors had a positive influence on the atmosphere for training and on the job resources available to them, and considered them positive role models for how to handle the demands of the environment.Conclusion In residents’ view, a transformational style is positively related to the ability to craft their jobs and therefore has implications for their persistence in training. Future research should explore supervisors’ perspective on this relation and the effectiveness of leadership training for supervisors with a focus on resident outcomes, such as job crafting and persistence in training.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleiman Ahmady ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi ◽  
Alireza Monajemi ◽  
Noushin Kohan

Abstract Background Role models play a crucial role in determining the professional development of medical trainees. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to gain in-depth understanding of the outstanding qualities of one successful role model in Iran. We described his character, personality and merits as a conceptual framework for role modeling in medical education.Methods Qualitative descriptive study. Inductive content analysis was performed, and data were collected by conducting interviews. The study was done in the school of medicine of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Twenty five medical students, medical graduates and faculty members participated in 25 interviews from April to December 2019. The participants were recruited via purposive sampling.Results Five themes, 13 subthemes, and 46 categories were extracted from the data, and the conceptual framework of role modeling in medical education was developed.Conclusion In this study, we designed a framework for role modeling in medical education Based on this framework, role models in medical education can function as mentors, medical leaders, clinical teachers, and professional instructors. Overall, role modeling is an important concept in medical education, and results of this article contributes to maintain the high quality of medical education.


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