Transformational leadership encourages residents’ job crafting in surgical training: A mixed-methods study of residents’ perceptions

Abstract Background Supervisors’ leadership style can enhance resident performance, especially in terms of their ability to deal with the demands in the workplace and to take advantage of the available resources. Dealing with job demands and resources is known as job crafting, which has implications for the persistence of residents in training. The link between supervisors’ leadership style and residents’ job crafting, however, is not well understood.Methods This mixed-methods study sought to explore the relationships between a transformational (team-oriented), transactional (task-oriented), and laissez-faire (passive) supervisory style and residents’ job crafting and to explain these relationships. Residents filled out the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire to rate their supervisors’ leadership style and the Dutch job-crafting scale to assess their own job crafting. We tested the relationships using linear mixed effects regression analysis. To explain the ensuing results, we subsequently conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with residents.Results One hundred and sixteen residents from 7 surgical programs participated. A transformational leadership style had a positive effect on residents’ job crafting (b = 0.19; 95% CI 0.08–0.32; p = 0.009), whereas the transactional and laissez-faire styles did not. This could be explained by the fact that residents felt their transformational supervisors had a positive influence on the atmosphere for training and on the job resources available to them, and considered them positive role models for how to handle the demands of the environment.Conclusion In residents’ view, a transformational style is positively related to the ability to craft their jobs and therefore has implications for their persistence in training. Future research should explore supervisors’ perspective on this relation and the effectiveness of leadership training for supervisors with a focus on resident outcomes, such as job crafting and persistence in training.

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Willingness to communicate in english as a second language as a stable trait or context-influenced variable

Australian Review of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1075/aral.36.2.04cam ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 177-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Denise Cameron

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

New Zealand ◽

Foreign Language ◽

Willingness To Communicate ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Learning Context ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Qualitative Component

Whether Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is a permanent trait or is modified by situational context has previously been investigated in various studies (e.g. Cao & Philp, 2006; Kang, 2005; MacIntyre & Legatto, 2011). However, most research into WTC has been quantitative or conducted in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or Study Abroad situation in countries such as Canada, Japan, Korea and China. This article reports on the qualitative component of an exploratory mixed methods study in a New Zealand (NZ) university with participants who are permanent migrants from Iran. These students completed a questionnaire and participated in further in-depth semi-structured interviews. The article provides an overview of previous research into WTC and motivation in Iran and NZ as the context for these three case studies. In this study, six factors, both trait and situational, were identified as having an effect on these students’ WTC in both countries: self-perceived competence; personality; anxiety; motivation and the importance of English; and the learning context. Finally, this article discusses the contribution of this study to the WTC field of research, identifying the implications of these results for teachers of English in the ESL (English as a Second Language or migrant) context and possible avenues for future research.

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Risk perception on the labour ward: A mixed methods study

Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management ◽

10.1177/25160435211002428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Claire McCarthy ◽

Sarah Meaney ◽

Marie Rochford ◽

Keelin O’Donoghue

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Emergency Obstetric Care ◽

Obstetric Care ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Staff Support ◽

Staff Wellbeing

Healthcare providers commonly experience risky situations in the provision of maternity care, and there has been increased focus on the lived experience in recent years. We aimed to assess opinions on, understanding of and behaviours of risk on the LW by conducting a mixed methods study. Staff working in a LW setting completed a descriptive questionnaire-based study, followed by qualitative structured interviews. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS on quantitative data and thematic analysis performed on qualitative data. Nearly two thirds of staff (64%; 73/114) completed the questionnaire, with 56.2% (n = 47) experiencing risk on a daily basis. Experiencing risk evoked feelings of apprehension (68.4%; n = 50) and worry (60.2%; n = 44) which was echoed in the qualitative work. Structured clinical assessment was utilised in risky situations, and staff described “ going on autopilot” to manage these situations. A large number of respondents reflected on their provision of care following an adverse event (87.7%; n = 64). Debriefing was mentioned as an important practice following such events by all respondents. This study describes the negative terminology prevailing in emergency obstetric care. These experiences can have a profound impact on staff. Risk reduction strategies and the provision of increased staff support and training are crucial to improve staff wellbeing in stressful scenarios.

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An intervention to decrease burnout and increase retention of early career nurses: a mixed methods study of acceptability and feasibility

BMC Nursing ◽

10.1186/s12912-020-00524-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Judy Brook ◽

Leanne M. Aitken ◽

Julie-Ann MacLaren ◽

Debra Salmon

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Focus Groups ◽

Academic Staff ◽

Skills Training ◽

Early Career ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Healthcare Organisation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Over Time

Abstract Aims To understand the experiences of nursing students and academic staff of an intervention to decrease burnout and increase retention of early career nurses, in order to identify acceptability and feasibility in a single centre. Background Internationally, retention of nurses is a persistent challenge but there is a dearth of knowledge about the perspectives of stakeholders regarding the acceptability and feasibility of interventions to resolve the issue. This study reports an intervention comprising of mindfulness, psychological skills training and cognitive realignment to prepare participants for early careers as nurses. Methods This is an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, conducted by a UK university and healthcare organisation. Participants were final year pre-registration nursing students (n = 74) and academics (n = 7) involved in the implementation of the intervention. Pre and post measures of acceptability were taken using a questionnaire adapted from the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used to assess change in acceptability over time. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, focus groups and field notes were thematically analysed, adhering to COREQ guidelines. Data were collected February to December 2019. Results One hundred and five questionnaires, 12 interviews with students and 2 focus groups engaging 7 academic staff were completed. The intervention was perceived as generally acceptable with significant positive increases in acceptability scores over time. Student nurses perceived the intervention equipped them with skills and experience that offered enduring personal benefit. Challenges related to the practice environment and academic assessment pressures. Reported benefits align with known protective factors against burnout and leaving the profession. Conclusion Planning is needed to embed the intervention into curricula and maximise relationships with placement partners. Evaluating acceptability and feasibility offers new knowledge about the value of the intervention for increasing retention and decreasing burnout for early career nurses. Wider implementation is both feasible and recommended by participants.

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Satisfaction with Fertility Preservation Decisions among Adolescent Males with Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13143559 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3559

Author(s):

Charleen I. Theroux ◽

Kylie N. Hill ◽

Anna L. Olsavsky ◽

James L. Klosky ◽

Nicholas D. Yeager ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Fertility Preservation ◽

Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Decision Quality ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Short Term ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Decisional Satisfaction ◽

Ongoing Support

Half of male childhood cancer survivors experience treatment-related fertility impairment, which can lead to distress. Survivors often regret forgoing fertility preservation (FP), and decisional dissatisfaction is associated with a lower quality of life. This mixed methods study examined short-term FP decisional satisfaction among families of male adolescents newly diagnosed with cancer who received an initial fertility consult and completed an FP values clarification tool. One-two months after the FP decision, thirty-nine families completed the Brief Subjective Decision Quality measure. Decisional satisfaction was compared for participants (mothers, fathers, adolescents) who did and did not attempt to bank. Semi-structured interviews included the following question: How do you/your family feel about the banking decision now/in the future? Decisional quality scores were moderate-high (M = 5.74–6.33 out of 7), with no significant differences between non-attempter (n = 15) and attempter (n = 24) families (adolescents: p = 0.83, d = 0.08; mothers: p = 0.18, d = 0.45; fathers: p = 0.32, d = 0.44). Three qualitative themes emerged among non-attempter families: (1) satisfaction with decision (50% of participants), (2) acceptance of decision (60%), and (3) potential for future regret (40%). Satisfaction with decision was the only theme identified in attempter families (93%). Quantitively, short-term decisional satisfaction was high regardless of the banking attempt. However, the qualitative findings suggest that the experiences of families who did not bank may be more nuanced, as several participants discussed a potential for future regret, highlighting the importance of ongoing support.

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Attributes of residents as teachers and role models – A mixed methods study of stakeholders

Medical Teacher ◽

10.3109/0142159x.2012.733457 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. e1052-e1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Lavjay Butani ◽

Debora A. Paterniti ◽

Daniel J. Tancredi ◽

Su-Ting T. Li

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Role Models ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Residents As Teachers

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Evaluating the motivation of Red Cross Health volunteers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e042579

Author(s):

Leonardo W Heyerdahl ◽

Muriel Vray ◽

Vincent Leger ◽

Lénaig Le Fouler ◽

Julien Antouly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Health Workers ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Red Cross ◽

Volunteer Motivation ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Current Crisis ◽

French Red Cross

IntroductionVoluntary organisations provide essential support to vulnerable populations and front-line health responders to the COVID-19 pandemic. The French Red Cross (FRC) is prominent among organisations offering health and support services in the current crisis. Comprised primarily of lay volunteers and some trained health workers, FRC volunteers in the Paris (France) region have faced challenges in adapting to pandemic conditions, working with sick and vulnerable populations, managing limited resources and coping with high demand for their services. Existing studies of volunteers focus on individual, social and organisational determinants of motivation, but attend less to contextual ones. Public health incertitude about the COVID-19 pandemic is an important feature of this pandemic. Whether and how uncertainty interacts with volunteer understandings and experiences of their work and organisational relations to contribute to Red Cross worker motivation is the focus of this investigation.Methods and analysisThis mixed-methods study will investigate volunteer motivation using ethnographic methods and social network listening. Semi-structured interviews and observations will illuminate FRC volunteer work relations, experiences and concerns during the pandemic. A questionnaire targeting a sample of Paris region volunteers will allow quantification of motivation. These findings will iteratively shape and be influenced by a social media (Twitter) analysis of biomedical and public health uncertainties and debates around COVID-19. These tweets provide insight into a French lay public’s interpretations of these debates. We evaluate whether and how socio-political conditions and discourses concerning COVID-19 interact with volunteer experiences, working conditions and organisational relations to influence volunteer motivation. Data collection began on 15 June 2020 and will continue until 15 April 2021.Ethics and disseminationThe protocol has received ethical approval from the Institut Pasteur Institutional Review Board (no 2020-03). We will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed articles, conference presentations and recommendations to the FRC.

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Ringing the changes: the role of telephone communication in a helpline and befriending service targeting loneliness in older people

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x18000120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1528-1551 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CLAIRE PRESTON ◽

STEPHEN MOORE

Keyword(s):

Mixed Methods ◽

Older People ◽

Thematic Analysis ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Voice Communication ◽

Telephone Communication ◽

The United Kingdom

ABSTRACTThe drive to deliver services addressing loneliness in older people by telephone and online makes it increasingly relevant to consider how the mode of communication affects the way people interact with services and the capacity of services to meet their needs. This paper is based on the qualitative strand of a larger mixed-methods study of a national phoneline tackling loneliness in older people in the United Kingdom. The research comprised thematic analysis of four focus groups with staff and 42 semi-structured interviews with callers. It explored the associations between telephone-delivery, how individuals used the services and how the services were able to respond. To understand these associations, it was useful to identify some constituent characteristics of telephone communication in this context: namely its availability, reach and non-visual nature. This enabled various insights and comparison with other communication media. For example, the availability of the services attracted people seeking frequent emotional support but this presented challenges to staff. More positively, the ability of the services to connect disparate individuals enabled them to form different kinds of satisfying relationships. The evolution of mixed communication forms, such as internet-based voice communication and smartphone-based visual communication, makes analysis at the level of a technology's characteristics useful. Such a cross-cutting perspective can inform both the design of interventions and assessment of their suitability for different manifestations of loneliness.

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The influence of role models on trans men's identity development

10.32469/10355/88051 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jennah Strathausen

Keyword(s):

Identity Development ◽

Role Models ◽

Minority Stress ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Personal Narratives ◽

Community Based Participatory Research ◽

Future Research ◽

Positive Role ◽

Trans Men ◽

And Gender

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face significant stigma and discrimination stemming from negative societal attitudes toward their experienced gender incongruence. Much of the LGBTQ literature on TGNC health disparities and gender minority stress focuses on the influence of overt acts of violence and oppression, often leaving more subtle and ubiquitous stressors, like invisibility, unexplored. In addition, there is a limited amount of literature on the experiences of transgender men, particularly those residing in the central U.S. Research suggests that the influence of positive role models can mitigate many of the stressors experienced by TGNC people. This study aimed to explore the influence of role models on trans men's identity development. Using Photovoice Methodology situated in Community-Based Participatory Research, this project collaboratively explored the needs, assets, and concerns of trans men living in Mid-Missouri. Twelve participants (MdnAge = 31.5 years-old) and the researchers separately grouped the participant-generated photographs and personal narratives into eight themes, including Authenticity, Acceptance, Inaccessibility, Isolation, and "Trans Enough?" Results supported the idea that access to positive role models serves as a protective factor for TGNC people. Results additionally highlight that trans men possess significant characteristics of resilience. Several implications for practice, public policy, and future research are provided.

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Model Gaya Kepemimpinan dalam Kelompok Musik Kiai Kanjeng

JURNAL TATA KELOLA SENI ◽

10.24821/jtks.v2i1.1815 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 58-73

Author(s):

Muhammad Tahdianoor

Keyword(s):

Transformational Leadership ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Leadership Style ◽

Qualitative Researcher ◽

Study Approach ◽

Laissez Faire ◽

Smoking Control ◽

Transformational Leadership Style ◽

Standing Start

Banyak faktor yang membuat Kiai Kanjeng memiliki banyak prestasi. Salah satu faktor pentingnya adalah gaya kepemimpinan Emha Ainun Nadjib (Cak Nun) dalam memimpin Kiai Kanjeng. Karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik gaya kepemimpinan dan merumuskan model gaya kepemimpinan Cak Nun dalam memimpin Kiai Kanjeng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan peneliti adalah kualitatif. Hasil analisis data berdasarkan teori gaya kepemimpinan dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, dokumentasi dan mewancarai beberapa narasumber yang dianggap penting dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan analisa data dalam penelitian ini, karakteristik gaya kepemimpinan yang identik dengan Cak Nun secara keseluruhan cenderung memenuhi katagori gaya kepemimpinan transformasional. Gaya kepemimpinan Cak Nun yang berbeda-beda berimplikasi pada kesolidan anggota, kreatif, eksis dan mempunyai penggemar yang militan sehingga Kiai Kanjeng mampu bertahan sampai sekarang. Model gaya kepemimpinan Kiai Kanjeng yang dipimpin oleh Cak Nun yaitu, otokrasi, demokrasi, kendali bebas (laissez faire) dan partisipatif, tergantung pada kegiatan Kiai Kanjeng. Kiai Kanjeng from a standing start (1993) to the present (2016) already has been many achievements. It is the result of the leadership style by Emha Ainun Nadjib (Cak Nun) led Kiai Kanjeng. Thus the researchers are interested in identifying the characteristics of leadership style and formulate a model of leadership style in leading Cak Nun Kiai Kanjeng. Bernard M. Bass suggests that transformational leadership is the leader to encourage, motivate and innovate the members to do something beyond their own ability to improve the life of the group. The method used is a qualitative researcher. The results of data analysis are based on the theory of leadership style with a case study approach. Further data collection is done by observation, documentation and interviewed several sources that are considered in this study. Based on data analysis in this study, the characteristics of leadership style that is synonymous with Cak Nun meet category leadership style autocracy, democracy, free rein (laissez faire), participative and transformational in accordance with the activity. Cak Nun's leadership style is different implications for the solidity member, creative, exist and has fans that are militants so Kiai Kanjeng is able to survive until now. Cak Nun implements smoking-control leadership style transformational in schedulingduration exercise, discipline personnel and development staff resources (managerial). Cak Nun applies autocrary-transformational leadership style in addressing the invitation and when determining the strat-stoping song and song capabilities in the development ao lead- singger and composition/arrangement. Cak Nun apply transformational leadership style, autocrary and democratic in prepariation for staging. Cak Nun implements free rein, democratic, transformational leadership style when staging evaluation. Overall, there is a leadership style that is the same in each process, the transformational leadership style.

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Development of a tool for identifying and addressing prioritised determinants of quality improvement projects led by healthcare professionals: a mixed-methods study

10.21203/rs.2.24055/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anne van Tuijl ◽

Hub C. Wollersheim ◽

Cornelia R.M.G. Fluit ◽

Petra. J. van Gurp ◽

Hiske Calsbeek

Keyword(s):

Quality Improvement ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Online Survey ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Learning By Doing ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Quality Improvement Initiative ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Priority Score ◽

A Priority

Abstract Background: Several frameworks have been developed to identify essential determinants for healthcare improvement. These frameworks aim to be comprehensive, leading to the creation of long lists of determinants that are not prioritised based on being experienced as most important. Furthermore, most existing frameworks do not describe the methods or actions used to identify and address the determinants, limiting their practical value. The aim of this study is to describe the development of a tool with prioritised facilitators and barriers supplemented with methods to identify and address each determinant. The tool can be used by those performing quality improvement initiatives in healthcare practice. Methods: A mixed-methods study design was used to develop the tool. First, an online survey was used to ask healthcare professionals about the determinants they experienced as most facilitating and most hindering during the performance of their quality improvement initiative . A priority score was calculated for every named determinant, and those with a priority score ≥ 20 were incorporated into the tool. Semi-structured interviews with implementation experts were performed to gain insight on how to analyse and address the determinants in our tool Results: The 25 healthcare professionals in this study experienced 64 facilitators and 66 barriers when performing their improvement initiatives. Of these, 12 facilitators and nine barriers were incorporated into the tool. Sufficient support from management of the department was identified as the most important facilitator, while having limited time to perform the initiative was considered the most important barrier. The interviews with 16 experts in implementation science led to various inputs for identifying and addressing each determinant. Important themes included maintaining adequate communication with stakeholders, keeping the initiative at a manageable size, learning by doing and being able to influence determinants. Conclusions: This paper describes the development of a tool with prioritized determinants for performing quality improvement initiatives with suggestions for analysing and addressing these determinants. The tool is developed for those engaged in quality improvement initiatives in practice, so in this ways it helps to bridging the research to practice gap of determinants frameworks. More research is needed to validate and develop the tool further.

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