scholarly journals Analysis of argument structures: Inquiries into effective writing

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Akie Yasunaga
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Claim Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Argumentative Texts ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Toulmin’S Model

In this paper the structural features of argumentative texts (12 essays) generated by Japanese university students attending an English presentation course are analyzed. Toulmin’s model of argument (1958) was used as a measure for analysis of micro-structures (i.e., claim, data, warrants, backings, and rebuttals). The aim of the study is twofold: to identify common substructures used in the arguments; and, based on the results, to investigate implications for teaching argumentative writing. The study reveals that the predominant structure was justificatory argumentation presenting data and data-backings in support of the claim. Only a few students employed warrants and rebuttals in the substructures; three cases and eight cases respectively out of a total of 96 cases. The results indicate that L2 linguistic knowledge and subject-related knowledge play an important role in shaping argument. Two implications for teaching also emerged: firstly, learning and practicing both macro- and micro-structures of argument are necessary, and secondly, reader-oriented activities that help the students to understand wider reader opinions would help improve argumentative writing. 本論では英語プレゼンテーションコースで学んだ日本人大学生の論証文（12編）の分析を行った。分析指標として、トゥールミンの論証モデルを使用し、主張、理由、根拠、証拠、反駁等の論証の下位構造を調査した。研究の目的は次の2点である。(a)共通してみられる論証の下位構造を認め；(b)論証文指導についての示唆を考察する。研究の結果、ほぼ全ての学生が相互に関連のある理由と証拠を提示して弁証した。ごく僅かな学生のみが、根拠（3件）及び反駁（8件）を使用した。研究結果はライティングを学習するコンテクストと学習者がライティングを学んだ学習経験が論証文構成に大きな影響を与えることが認められた。ライティング指導においては、論証の下位構造を明示的に指導し、それらを練習することが不可欠だと推測され、さらに、社会の多様な意見を論証に組み入れるリーダー中心のアクティビティが有用であると推論された

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between autistic traits and affinity for hikikomori in Japanese university students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuuki Shimono ◽  
Akira Hasegawa ◽  
Kohei Tsuchihara ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka ◽  
Yuko Matsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
University Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Academic Failures

AbstractThe affinity for hikikomori represents the desire to be withdrawn, as well as to entertain an empathetic attitude towards withdrawn individuals. It is composed of two subdimensions, the maladaptive desire for hikikomori, and empathy for others with hikikomori. This longitudinal study examined whether autistic traits predicted the affinity for hikikomori. At the baseline assessment, undergraduate and graduate students in Japan (N = 272) completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Affinity for Hikikomori Scale in University Students, and measures assessing academic failures and interpersonal conflicts. They also completed all measures excluding the AQ eight weeks later. Structural equation modeling indicated that difficulties in social interaction aspects of autistic traits were positively associated with academic failures at Time 2 even after controlling for academic failures at Time 1. In addition, difficulties in social interaction were positively related to the desire for hikikomori at Time 2 indirectly via academic failures at Time 2 after controlling for the desire for hikikomori at Time 1. Difficulties in social interaction were also directly associated with the increased desire for hikikomori at Time 2. These findings suggest that autistic traits, and especially difficulties in social interaction, are predictors of the maladaptive aspect of the affinity for hikikomori.

scholarly journals Possible effects of diets on serum lipids, fatty acids and blood pressure levels in male and female Japanese university students

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utako Umemura ◽  
Mako Ishimori ◽  
Toshio Kobayashi ◽  
Yuji Tamura ◽  
Kazuko A. Koike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
University Students ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Japanese University

scholarly journals Association between Knowledge about Comprehensive Food Education and Increase in Dental Caries in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneyoshi Kunitomo ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Shinsuke Mizutani ◽  
Takaaki Tomofuji ◽  
Koichiro Irie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
University Students ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Japanese University ◽  
Food Education

ESTIMATES OF IMPRESSIONS BASED ON FREQUENCY OF BLINKING

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Omori ◽  
Yo Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
University Students ◽  
Impression Formation ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Differential Scale ◽  
Japanese University

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of frequency of blinking on creating a personal impression. The subjects were 88 Japanese university students, 35 males and 53 females, who rated stimulus persons on a seven-point semantic differential scale. The stimulus persons, two males and two females, were presented on a 20-second video simulating various blink rates, i.e., 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 blinks/min. A factor analysis of the ratings yielded three factors, interpreted as Nervousness, Unfriendliness, and Carelessness. As the frequency of the stimulus persons'blinking increased, so did the tendency to rate them as more nervous and more careless. As for Unfriendliness, there was a U-shaped relation between the frequency of blinking and the impressions formed. Present results provide evidence that frequency of blinking plays an important role in impression formation. Further implications of the findings are discussed.

Important Subjective Life Experiences and Sense of Authenticity: Retrospective Survey among Japanese University Students

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaya Ito ◽  
Masahiro Kodama
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Japanese University

This study investigated the relation of important subjective life experiences with sense of authenticity for 238 Japanese university students who responded to the Sense of Authenticity Scale and provided free descriptions regarding their important life experiences. Analyses suggested a group with high scores on the Sense of Authenticity Scale tended to cite extracurricular activities as important life experiences, while those with low scores tended to cite cramming for examinations. Results were discussed in terms of interpersonal relationships.

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