scholarly journals THE CULTURAL COMMONALITIES OF IRAN AND UZBEKISTAN (From the perspective of the Persian language and literature history)

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sima Abbasi ◽  
◽  
Khulkar Mirzakhmedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Identity ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Geographical Latitude ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Cultural Origins

Iran and Uzbekistan are both countries with a very old history and are influential countries in the culture and civilization areas in Asia. Although the new political identity of Uzbekistan has not been formed recently since its independence, the historical background of this land and its important and crucial cities and great personalities and thinkers of this country is clear and evident. Uzbekistan, as part of the historical Transoxiana region, has been the ground for many cultural, linguistic, literary, and political events for its neighboring lands. Iran is also an ancient country with wide geographical latitude and longitude that has had a special effect on the cultures of different nations and ethnic groups in different historical eras. The overlap of these two cultures throughout history has led to the emergence of rich and dominant culture, in which the characteristics of Iranian-Islamic culture can be clearly observed. In the present study, cultural commonalities between these two countries were briefly investigated and identified with an emphasis on Persian language and literature as two important cultural origins. The common historical inseparable roots, common cultural and political history, influence on the formation, prevalence, and identification of Persian language and literature along with the similarity of traditions, rituals, and social beliefs are among the main factors in the formation of a close cultural relationship between Iran and Uzbekistan.

Sir William Jones and Oriental Mysticism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hadi Baghaei-Abchooyeh
Keyword(s):  
Persian Literature ◽  
Asiatic Society ◽  
Court Judge ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
International Reputation ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Western Scholar ◽  
Oriental Mysticism ◽  
Sir William Jones

Oriental mysticism, religion, and science are all intertwined with literature; while proven to be fantastic for many scholars, this intermixture has made it challenging to extract mystical concepts from poetry. This difficulty has been one of the earliest sources of conflict between Oriental literary scholars, religious figures, and mystics. The situation becomes more complex should one attempt to compare Oriental mysticism with its Occidental counterpart. Arguably, the first Western scholar who conducted such a rigorous comparison was Sir William Jones (1746–1794), a linguist, translator, and poet who was also a Supreme Court Judge in Calcutta. His fascination with Persian mystical poets such as Rumi (1210-1273), Sadi (1210-1292), and Hafez (1315-1390) drove him towards Sufism. Due to his understanding of Persian mysticism and culture, Jones became one of the best interpreters of Indo-Persian literature. His works, founded on his fascination with Persian language and literature, gained him the title of ‘Persian Jones’ and established his international reputation as an Orientalist. Jones’s publications highly impacted Romantic scholars, developing sympathetic representations of the Orient in the period’s literature. Jones’s works, letters, Persian manuscripts, and the annotations he made on them have not been examined for his Persian mystical studies before this thesis. Therefore, this PhD research will investigate his works and library on Sufism and his comparative study of mystical schools. It intends to analyse Jones’s findings in his comparative mystical studies and elaborate on his understanding of Sufism. This thesis investigates his essays, letters, and annotations in various texts; such texts are mainly available in the Royal Asiatic Society archives and the British Library’s India Office Records and Private Papers. Moreover, in some cases, Jones has altered his English translations of Persianate Sufi texts; these alterations will be examined and compared with the original texts to demonstrate Jones’s rationale behind them. This research will pursue the accuracy of Jones’s interpretation of Sufism and Hinduism. In addition, it examines his development of the interpretations of Oriental mysticism, which he presented to eighteenth-century Europe. The findings of this research will contribute to the growing literature on Orientalism and shed a brighter light on the works of Sir William Jones and Indo-Persian literature and mysticism.

Venezuelan Literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Troconis
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Literary Identity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
Venezuelan Literature

This article presents an overview of some of the most representative and influential writers and works from Venezuela in the genre of novel, poetry, short story, and essay, from the 19th to the 21st century. Although Venezuela has a rich literary culture and critically acclaimed authors—such as Rómulo Gallegos, Arturo Uslar Pietri, and Miguel Otero Silva—whose works have become Latin American classics, the country’s literature has remained for the most part underread and understudied outside its frontiers. The reasons for this relative invisibility have been the focus of many debates among intellectuals both inside and outside Venezuela, who have pointed—not without criticism—to the writers’ almost exclusive reliance on national publishing houses, the impossibility of a recognizable literary identity, and the lack of noteworthy innovation as some of the reasons behind it. Nevertheless, since the mid-1990s, a renewed interest in Venezuelan literature has become palpable; international publishing houses have awarded prestigious awards to works by Venezuelan authors (Alberto Barrera Tyszka’s novel Patria o muerte was the winner of the XI Premio Tusquets Editores de Novela, and Rafael Cadenas’s extensive poetic work won him in 2016 the Premio Internacional de Poesía Federico García Lorca, to mention but a few), several new anthologies have been published, and symposiums and conferences drawing scholars from all over the world have been organized on the topic by prestigious international universities and organizations. This has partly been due to the political events that have taken place in the country since the arrival to power of Hugo Chávez, which have made Venezuela—and thus the literature written there—a “hot topic” among academic circles, both national and international. Furthermore, recent waves of emigration have brought Venezuelan authors to many universities abroad, where they have given the country’s literature more exposure, in many cases with the help of social media and other online platforms. In light of these events, this article offers a chronology of Venezuelan literature as a whole rather than constructing a separate chronology for each genre, and thus serves as an introduction to the authors and works that critics consider fundamental in the evolution of the country’s literary history. While theater has been excluded from this selection, two references have been included that give an overview of Venezuela’s abundant theatrical production and the important role it has played in shaping the country’s cultural and political identity.

Old and New Worlds in Greek Onomastics

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Political Values ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Names Project ◽  
Literature History ◽  
The Many ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Of Greece

This book provides an interpretative guide to using a fundamental resource for the study of the ancient Greek world. Personal names are a statement of identity, a personal choice by parents for their child, reflecting their own ancestry and family traditions, and the religious and political values of the society to which they belong. The names of the ancient Greeks, surviving in their tens of thousands in manuscripts and documents, offer a valuable insight into ancient Greek society. The chapters collected here examine how the Greeks responded to new environments. They draw out issues of identity as expressed through the choice, formation, and adaptation of personal names, not only by Greeks when they came into contact with non-Greeks, but of others in relation to Greeks, for example Egyptians, Persians, Thracians, and Semitic peoples, including the Jewish communities in the diaspora. Grounded in the ‘old’ world of Greece (in particular, Euboia and Thessaly), the book also reaches out to the many parts of the ancient world where Greeks travelled, traded, and settled, and where the dominant culture before the arrival of the Greeks was not Greek. Reflecting upon the progress of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names project, which has already published the names of over a quarter of a million ancient Greeks, it will be of interest to scholars and students of the language, literature, history, religion, and archaeology of the ancient Greek world.

scholarly journals Social and geographical features of the formation of the intellectual potential of Chernivtsi oblast

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Academic Competition ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
New Type ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academic Year

The article studies the peculiarities of the formation of intellectual potential of Chernivtsi oblast by analyzing its components, and also analyzes the participation of students in student competitions in subjects and in the competition-defense of research works of students of the Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, as well as their results. The analysis of gender peculiarities of students’ participation in the researched competitions is carried out, and also the geographical factors influencing formation of intellectual potential are considered. In 2019, there were 372 preschool educational institutions, 403 general secondary education institutions, 16 vocational education institutions and 16 higher education institutions in Chernivtsi oblast, which provided relevant educational services and formed the intellectual potential of the region. In Chernivtsi oblast in the 2019-2020 academic year, 1,814 students took part in the III stage of student academic competitions. The largest number of participants was observed at the academic competition in geography, Ukrainian language and literature, history and biology. In total, 845 participants took top places. The best results were shown by students of Chernivtsi, Storozhynets AH, Novoselytsia AH and students of Kelmentsi rayon. As for the all-Ukrainian competition-defense of research works, in 2020 378 students took part in the competition, of which 187 participants took top places. The best results, as in the academic competition, were demonstrated by students from Chernivtsi and Putyla rayon. Territorial differences in the development of intellectual potential occur under the influence of economic, demographic, legal, environmental, natural and other factors. The following indicators correlate most with the number of points scored by teams: the number of educational institutions in the rayon; share of new type of institutions (gymnasiums, lyceums, etc.); language of instruction. The gender structure of participants and winners of these intellectual competitions deserves a special attention. Girls predominate in the gender structure of participants and winners of the academic competition and defense competition in most subjects, especially in subjects of the philological and philosophical cycle, while the number of boys predominates in the academic competitions of the physical and mathematical cycle. Thus, in Chernivtsi oblast there is a significant differentiation between territorial and administrative units according to the results of the III stage of student academic competitions in basic disciplines and the competition-defense of scientific works of students-members of the Small Academy of Sciences.

scholarly journals Addressing Horizontal and Vertical Gaps in Educational Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
pp. S104-S120
Author(s):  
Alan H. Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Language Arts ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
University Level ◽  
Literature History ◽  
Teaching For Robust Understanding

Students are often ill-prepared for the leap in expectations within disciplines when they make the transition from secondary to university-level instruction. Moreover, another equally large challenge exacerbates these vertical disciplinary gaps. At all levels, instruction takes place largely in disciplinary silos – in language and literature, history, mathematics, science, and so on. Learning goals in these silos are often phrased in very different language, e.g. ‘becoming a reader’ (or writer) in language arts, ‘inquiry’ in science, and ‘problem solving’ in mathematics. Such horizontal gaps result in instruction being far less coherent from the student’s perspective than it might be. The Teaching for Robust Understanding framework, known as TRU, may provide a means of addressing both kinds of gap. TRU focuses on the nature of learning environments that support the development of students as powerful learners. Through the lens of the TRU framework one can see commonalities across disciplines and across grade levels, and shape instructional practices accordingly. Within any particular discipline, treating students as active sense makers and arranging learning environments to provide opportunities for active sense making may help to bridge the gap between secondary and higher education.

scholarly journals Review of the Books of Persian Literature in the High School of the Old System and the Second Medium of the New System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Soltani ◽  
Mehdi Norouz ◽  
Akbar Shabani ◽  
Batoul Fakhr Islam
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Poetic Prose ◽  
Self Examination

Many educators believe that the intellectual, national, cultural, religious, and literary foundations of each generation are laid in childhood and adolescence. An important part of this is the responsibility of each country's education system. Textbooks are one of the most important tools in this formation. Persian books are a means of narrating human thoughts and imaginations due to their attention to fiction. The present article is a research on the books of Persian literature of the old educational system and Persian of the new educational system. In this study, we intend to examine the books of Persian language and literature of the old system and the Persian books of the second secondary school in the new educational system. Classical literature, contemporary literature, poetic, prose and fusion literature, Iranian and world literature are some of the components that are examined in this research. The authors appear to have focused on the text in older books and to pay more attention to self-examination in new books. This indicates that the new books emphasize greater student engagement.

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