Learning to recalibrate the role of dead reckoning and visual cues in spatial navigation

Objective This study examines visual, auditory, and the combination of both (bimodal) coupling modes in the performance of a two-person perceptual-motor task, in which one person provides the perceptual inputs and the other the motor inputs. Background Parking a plane or landing a helicopter on a mountain top requires one person to provide motor inputs while another person provides perceptual inputs. Perceptual inputs are communicated either visually, auditorily, or through both cues. Methods One participant drove a remote-controlled car around an obstacle and through a target, while another participant provided auditory, visual, or bimodal cues for steering and acceleration. Difficulty was manipulated using target size. Performance (trial time, path variability), cue rate, and spatial ability were measured. Results Visual coupling outperformed auditory coupling. Bimodal performance was best in the most difficult task condition but also high in the easiest condition. Cue rate predicted performance in all coupling modes. Drivers with lower spatial ability required a faster auditory cue rate, whereas drivers with higher ability performed best with a lower rate. Conclusion Visual cues result in better performance when only one coupling mode is available. As predicted by multiple resource theory, when both cues are available, performance depends more on auditory cueing. In particular, drivers must be able to transform auditory cues into spatial actions. Application Spotters should be trained to provide an appropriate cue rate to match the spatial ability of the driver or pilot. Auditory cues can enhance visual communication when the interpersonal task is visual with spatial outputs.

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The Role of Gender and Familiarity in a Modified Version of the Almeria Boxes Room Spatial Task

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Alessia Bocchi ◽

Massimiliano Palmiero ◽

Jose Manuel Cimadevilla Redondo ◽

Laura Tascón ◽

Raffaella Nori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Spatial Navigation ◽

Spatial Task ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Learning Tasks ◽

Position Learning ◽

Spatial Tasks ◽

Environmental Representation

Individual factors like gender and familiarity can affect the kind of environmental representation that a person acquires during spatial navigation. Men seem to prefer relying on map-like survey representations, while women prefer using sequential route representations. Moreover, a good familiarity with the environment allows more complete environmental representations. This study was aimed at investigating gender differences in two different object-position learning tasks (i.e., Almeria Boxes Tasks) assuming a route or a survey perspective also considering the role of environmental familiarity. Two groups of participants had to learn the position of boxes placed in a virtual room. Participants had several trials, so that familiarity with the environment could increase. In both tasks, the effects of gender and familiarity were found, and only in the route perspective did an interaction effect emerge. This suggests that gender differences can be found regardless of the perspective taken, with men outperforming women in navigational tasks. However, in the route task, gender differences appeared only at the initial phase of learning, when the environment was unexplored, and disappeared when familiarity with the environment increased. This is consistent with studies showing that familiarity can mitigate gender differences in spatial tasks, especially in more complex ones.

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The Possible Role of the Uropygial Gland on Mate Choice in Domestic Chicken

International Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1155/2011/860801 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Atsushi Hirao

Keyword(s):

Mate Choice ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Individual Recognition ◽

Copulatory Behavior ◽

Uropygial Gland ◽

Odor Cues ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Efferent Projections ◽

Opposite Sex

In avian mating systems, male domestic fowls are polygamous and mate with a number of selected members of the opposite sex. The factors that influence mating preference are considered to be visual cues. However, several studies have indicated that chemosensory cues also affect socio-sexual behavior, including mate choice and individual recognition. The female uropygial gland appears to provide odor for mate choice, as uropygial gland secretions are specific to individual body odor. Chicken olfactory bulbs possess efferent projections to the nucleus taeniae that are involved in copulatory behavior. From various reports, it appears that the uropygial gland has the potential to act as the source of social odor cues that dictate mate choice. In this review, evidence for the possible role of the uropygial gland on mate choice in domestic chickens is presented. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship exists between the uropygial gland and major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate choice.

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The Role of Organizational Development in Achieving the Competitive Advantage of University of Hail as one of the requirements of The vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030

International Journal of Education and Information Technologies ◽

10.46300/9109.2021.15.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 71-82

Author(s):

Nada Zwayyid Almutairi ◽

Eman Salah Ibrahim Rizk

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Organizational Development ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Auditory Cues ◽

Learning Retention ◽

Lr Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Academic Year

This study explores interactive e-book cues and Information Processing Levels (IPL)’s effectiveness on Learning Retention (LR) and External Cognitive Load (ECL). 117 middle school pupils (MSP) were divided into six experimental groups based on their IPL and cues during the second term of the academic year 2019–2020. Visual Cues (VC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) and Auditory Cues (AC)/Audiovisual Cues (VAC) statistically varied in the Ie-book in LR test and ECL scale, same for the average scores when testing the LR in Science for MSP due to the difference between IPL for the DL. There is a statistically significant effect of cue types' interaction in Ie-book with IPL in ECL scale for MSP, at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL, followed by the interaction resulting from the VC with DL then AC with SL. Also, cues interaction in Ie-book with IPL immensely affect the LR test for MEP, which is at its highest peak in the case of the AVC with DL. The interactions between (DL–SL) and (AC–VC) seem to equally influence the ELC.

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Crucial Effects of Weightlessness on Human Orientation

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-1993-3311 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 307-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Mittelstaedt ◽

S. Glasauer

Keyword(s):

Visual Cues ◽

Decisive Role ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Subjective Vertical ◽

Independent Components ◽

Human Orientation ◽

The Mean ◽

Trunk Tilt

This contribution examines the consequences of two remarkable experiences of subjects in weightlessness, 1) the missing of sensations of trunk tilt and of the respective concomitant reflexes when the head is tilted with respect to the trunk, and 2) the persistence of a perception of “up” and “down,” that is, of the polarity of the subjective vertical (SV) in the absence of, as well as in contradiction to, visual cues. The first disproves that the necessary head-to-trunk coordinate transformation be achieved by adding representations of the respective angles gained by utricles and neck receptors, but corroborates an extant model of cross-multiplication of utricular, saccular, and neck receptor components. The second indicates the existence of force-independent components in the determination of the SV. Although the number of subjects is still small and experimental conditions are not as homogeneous as desired, measurements and/or reports on the ground, in parabolic, and in space flight point to the decisive role of the saccular z-bias, that is, of a difference of the mean resting discharges of saccular units polarized in the rostrad and the caudad (±z-) direction.

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The role of vision on postural strategy evaluated in patients affected by congenital nystagmus as an experimental model

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-1999-9606 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 445-451

Author(s):

S. Di Girolamo ◽

W. Di Nardo ◽

A. Cosenza ◽

F. Ottaviani ◽

A. Dickmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual System ◽

Postural Control ◽

Visual Stimulus ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Congenital Nystagmus ◽

Dynamic Posturography ◽

Normal Controls

The role of vision in postural control is crucial and is strictly related to the characteristics of the visual stimulus and to the performance of the visual system. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of chronically reduced visual cues upon postural control in patients affected by Congenital Nystagmus (CN). These patients have developed since birth a postural strategy mainly based on vestibular and somatosensorial cues. Fifteen patients affected by CN and 15 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in the study and evaluated by means of dynamic posturography. The overall postural control in CN patients was impaired as demonstrated by the equilibrium score and by the changes of the postural strategy. This impairment was even more enhanced in CN than in NC group when somatosensorial cues were experimentally reduced. An aspecific pattern of visual impairment and a pathological composite score were also present. Our data outline that in patients affected by CN an impairment of the postural balance is present especially when the postural control relies mainly on visual cues. Moreover, a decrease in accuracy of the somatosensory cues has a proportionally greater effect on balance than it has on normal subjects.

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How much do visual cues help listeners in perceiving accented speech?

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716418000462 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 93-109

Author(s):

YI ZHENG ◽

ARTHUR G. SAMUEL

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Nonnative Speakers ◽

Apparent Distance ◽

Native English Speakers ◽

English Speakers ◽

Accented Speech ◽

Compressed Speech ◽

Degraded Speech

AbstractIt has been documented that lipreading facilitates the understanding of difficult speech, such as noisy speech and time-compressed speech. However, relatively little work has addressed the role of visual information in perceiving accented speech, another type of difficult speech. In this study, we specifically focus on accented word recognition. One hundred forty-two native English speakers made lexical decision judgments on English words or nonwords produced by speakers with Mandarin Chinese accents. The stimuli were presented as either as videos that were of a relatively far speaker or as videos in which we zoomed in on the speaker’s head. Consistent with studies of degraded speech, listeners were more accurate at recognizing accented words when they saw lip movements from the closer apparent distance. The effect of apparent distance tended to be larger under nonoptimal conditions: when stimuli were nonwords than words, and when stimuli were produced by a speaker who had a relatively strong accent. However, we did not find any influence of listeners’ prior experience with Chinese accented speech, suggesting that cross-talker generalization is limited. The current study provides practical suggestions for effective communication between native and nonnative speakers: visual information is useful, and it is more useful in some circumstances than others.

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