Growth, Survival and Proximate Body Composition of M. dayanum Larvae Fed Artificial Food and Natural Food Organisms under Laboratory Conditions

Nymphs of many species of the order Odonata are easy to maintain in the laboratory, and there are hundreds of published studies dealing with behaviour, ecology, development, taxonomy, etc. that involve maintenance of nymphs under laboratory conditions. Most of these studies call for nymphs to be fed live prey, and in some cases it is possible to collect suitable prey from the field. However, in cases in which the experimental designs call for controlled diets, or in cases in which natural food is difficult to collect, as during winter months in temperate latitudes, it is common for researchers to feed nymphs with prey cultured in the laboratory. Researchers have used a variety of different prey but Daphnia sp. is one of the most popular. We have used Daphnia sp. cultures but have encountered difficulties in rearing sufficient numbers for use in experiments involving hundreds of nymphs; also, we have had the unfortunate experience of having our cultures collapse for unknown reasons at critical times of experiments.

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The relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two troops of commensal Hamadryas Baboons Papio hamadryas (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.3348.9.10.10741-10756 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 10741 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ahmed Boug ◽

M. Zafar-ul Islam ◽

Toshitaka Iwamoto ◽

Akio Mori ◽

Akihiro Yamane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Food Supply ◽

Food Selection ◽

Papio Hamadryas ◽

Ground Vegetation ◽

Natural Food ◽

Hamadryas Baboons ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Natural Foods ◽

The Relationship

The Hamadryas Baboon is the only nonhuman primate to inhabit the Arabian Peninsula. In Saudi Arabia, Hamadryas Baboons are known to rely on both human and natural plant foods. We examined the relationship between artificial food supply and natural food selection in two commensal hamadryas troops in different habitats in Saudi Arabia. Alhada had richer vegetation, while the Dam Site featured ground vegetation heavily damaged by overgrazing. The baboons’ diets, including dependency on artificial foods, reflected the status of the natural habitat. The availability of fresh vegetation following significant rainfalls at both sites reduced the Baboons’ dependence on artificial foods. In the richer habitat, rainfall was significantly correlated with natural diet diversity and time spent feeding on natural foods. Both troops spent more time feeding during periods of high provisioning of artificial food, and the percentage of feeding on natural foods decreased when provisioning was high. The baboons fed on natural foods throughout the year despite the availability of human foods. We suggest the need for a nutritionally balanced diet has kept the baboons from becoming completely dependent on human foods. Effectively preserving natural vegetation should enable commensal baboons to spend more time feeding on natural foods, thereby reducing human-wildlife conflict.

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Artificial propagation and larval breeding tests of the african sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus conducted in captive conditions

Journal of Marine Science Research and Oceanography ◽

10.33140/jmsro.04.01.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Individual Growth ◽

Natural Food ◽

African Catfish ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Water Lettuce ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Artificial Propagation

The African catfish Clarias gariepinus is the second most cultured species in many African countries, including Senegal. Despite its economic importance in local aquaculture, artificial propagation of the species that would allow obtaining quality seed throughout the year has not yet been mastered adequately. This study aimed at producing C. gariepinus quality and mass supply seed to enhance local production. Three different types of incubation (Macdonald's bottle, water lettuce and wire mesh frame) were tested to identify the most efficient and accessible method for the producers at low cost and with a high hatching rate. The hatching rates obtained for the three different incubation methods were 26.9%, 10.0% and 6.3% for the Macdonald bottle (MB), wire frame (WF) and water lettuce (WL), respectively, while the corresponding survival rates were 91.6%, 70.4% and 77.8%.77.8%. The high hatching rate obtained with the MB could be due to the influence of permanent water circulation, which is absent in the other two hatching systems. The survival rates decreased 15 days after hatching and were 3.24%, 2.04% and 7.16%, respectively. The survival rates obtained three days after hatching were satisfactory, but the significant decrease at 15 days after hatching especially during the post- weaning phase seems to be due to the food quality, and unrelated to the hatching system. The daily individual growth, weight gain and body size of the larvae was significantly higher for larvae fed with natural food compared those that received artificial food. These results indicate that larvae preferred and fed the natural food which was permanently available in the rearing tanks. The artificial food deposited on the bottom of the tank changes appearance over time and may not be appreciated and efficiently consumed by the larvae, which may negatively impact their growth performance.

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PENGARUH WAKTU PERPINDAHAN PAKAN ALAMI KE PAKAN BUATAN BERENZIM TERHADAP SINTASAN, PERTUMBUHAN PADA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN BAUNG (Mystus nemurus cv)

Fish Scientiae ◽

10.20527/fs.v4i7.1130 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Siti Aysah

Keyword(s):

Switching Time ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Natural Food ◽

Larval Rearing ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Weight Protein ◽

Mystus Nemurus

This study aimed to determine the switching time from natural food to artificial food with the addition of mix enzyme in baung larval rearing. The results showed that the survival rate of baung larvae had the highest score in treatment E (natural feed Artemia salina aged 3 days to 7 days followed by artificial feed in the form of pasta until age 30 days), did not differ with treatment A. Treatment A (Natural Food Artemia salina was given at the age of 3 days to 8 days and then followed by artificial food (shrimp flour + mix enzyme) from the age of 9 days to 15 days artificial feeding was continued until the age of 30 days) showed the highest absolute growth was 0.62 grams and the value of relative growth rate of 14.25 grams did not differ with B, C and E treatments. The highest Individual weight, protein content and mix enzyme activity on all measurement of baung larvae found in treatment A. Water quality of maintenance media of eel was the temperature 27,33oC, pH 7,86, dissolve oxygen 4,76 mg/l and ammonia 0,93 mg/l.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Alami dan Buatan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Benih Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus Burchell.) di Balai Benih Sentral Noekele Kabupaten Kupang

Bio-Edu: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi ◽

10.32938/jbe.v4i2.387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 59-68

Author(s):

Apriani P Rihi

Keyword(s):

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Subsequent Treatment ◽

Natural Food ◽

African Catfish ◽

Fish Food ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Research on the effect of natural and artificial feed on the growth and survival of African catfish at the Noekele Central Seed Center in Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The center only uses artificial food as fish food while natural food has never been used, therefore researchers are motivated to use natural food then researchers want to see how the influence of natural food is. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of natural and artificial feeding on the growth and survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) at the Noekele Central Seed Center in Kupang Regency, knowing the implementation of research results on the learning process of biology at school. The method used in this study is an experimental study using an experimental design that is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times namely P0 (Control), P1 (Pellets), and P2 (Silkworms). The data analysis technique used in this study was that this study was analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova) in accordance with the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The average subsequent treatment was tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a significant level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment of artificial feed (pellets) and natural feed (silk worms) showed significant differences between the treatments for growth and survival of Dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell.). The highest absolute length growth results were found in the P2 treatment of natural silk worm feed of 3.10 cm and the absolute weight of 2.68 grams of survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell.) Highest seeds in natural and artificial food which was 100%.

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EFFECTS OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS AND NATURAL FOOD ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND BODY COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus) REARED IN EARTHEN PONDS.

Journal of Animal and Poultry Production ◽

10.21608/jappmu.2009.116614 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 191-201

Author(s):

M. Zeinhom ◽

Amal Hassan ◽

Tartil Badwy

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Natural Food ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Growth Performances ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Earthen Ponds

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN HIDROKOLOID IOTA KARAGINAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS, KEAMANAN DAN DAYA SIMPAN ROTI

Pro Food ◽

10.29303/profood.v3i1.39 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 186

Author(s):

Mutia Devi Ariyana ◽

Sri Widyastuti ◽

Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽

Baiq Rien Handayani ◽

Wiharyani Werdiningsih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Water Content ◽

Food Additives ◽

Bread Quality ◽

Cell Diameter ◽

Natural Food ◽

Gas Cell ◽

Artificial Food ◽

Baking Process ◽

Bread Volume

Bread is made and eaten in most countries around the world. Nowadays, the use of additives has became a common practice in the baking process to improve the bread quality. Nevertheless, addition of excessive artificial food additives have been linked to various health risks. Increasing in awareness of healthy food was stimulate various researches to found the food additives that safely used in the baking process, include the hydrocolloid which extracted from seaweed as the main commodity of West Nusa Tenggara. The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of iota-carrageenan extracted from Euchema spinosumaddition to improve the bread quality, safety and shelf-life during the storage periode. Up to date, no systematic study has been reported on the effect of iota-carrageenan as a natural food additive in the baking process. Based on the observation and experimental data, generally the addition ofiota-carrageenan was significantly affect the bread volume, elasticity, water content, crumb structure and texture, gas cell diameter and sensory parameter compared to the control. Iota-carrageenan at 0.4% concentration increased the bread volume by reduced the gas cell diameter that created the uniform matrix to prevent the gas lose during the baking process, same as the effect of bread improver addition. This level of consentration could also delayed the staling process by retarded the moisture migration to the surface that prevent the reduction of water content and elasticity during 96 hours storage of a bread. Sensory evaluation by a costumer panel gave the higher score for overall acceptability to the bread formulation added with iota-carrageenan compared to the control. The overall results showed that the iota-carrageenan potentially used as a natural bread improver to substituted the artificial food additives that widely used in baking process. Keywords: bread, improver, iota carrageenan, shelf-life, food safety ABSTRAK Roti merupakan bahan makanan yang sangat banyak dikonsumsi di dunia. Saat ini, penambahan berbagai Bahan Tambahan Makanan (BTM) umum dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas roti. Akan tetapi, penambahan BTMsintetis secara berlebihan dapat membawa berbagai konsekuensi kesehatan. Meningkatnya kesadaran akan pentingnya makanan sehat mengakibatkan semakin berkembangnya pencarian BTM yang aman pada proses pembuatan roti, salah satunya adalah hidrokoloid hasilekstraksi dari rumpul laut yang merupakan komoditas unggulan di provinsi NTB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahaniota karaginan yang diekstraksi dari Euchema spinosumdalam meningkatkan kualitas, keamanan dan memperpanjang masa simpan roti. Saat ini belum ada laporan mengenai penggunaan iota karaginan sebagai BTM pada proses pembuatan roti. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan data parameter yang diuji, penambahan iota karaginan pada adonan roti memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan pada volume pengembangan, elastisitas, kadar air, struktur dan tekstur crumb, diameter pori dan parameter sensoris roti.Iota karaginan dapat meningkatkan persentase volume pengembanganterutama pada konsentrasi 0,4% dengan memperkecil diameter pori roti yang dihasilkan sehingga menciptakan suatu matriks yang seragam dan dapat bertindak sebagai perangkap untuk mencegah gas CO2 terlepas selama proses pemanggangan, serupa dengan pengaruhbread improver.Penambahan iota karaginan 0,4% juga memperlambat migrasi kelembaban menuju permukaan sehingga menghambat penurunan kadar air dan elastisitas roti hingga 96 jam masa simpan. Hasil uji organoleptik juga menunjukkan bahwa roti dengan penambahan iota karaginan lebih disukai. Peningkatan kualitas dan daya simpan roti dengan penambahan iota karaginan menunjukkan bahwa hidrokoloid jenis ini memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bread improver yang lebih terjamin keamanannya dibandingkan dengan bread improver sintetis yang saat ini digunakan dalam proses pembuatan roti. Kata kunci: roti, pengembang, iota karaginan, daya simpan, keamanan pangan

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