scholarly journals Heuristics and Eidetic in the Phenomenology of Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-22
Author(s):  
Ihor Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Initial Point ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Cyclic Structure ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
Intuitive Thought

Eidetic abstractions based upon individuation together with heuristic programs for the examination of conjectures are the forms of intentional reflection developed within the intuitive thought. The initial point of such development is parcellation of cultural texts that is to be marked where the introduced relation “the whole – the parts” passes further to the relation “the inner – the outer” and “text – epoch” with the principle of subjective activity and the inner textual transformation in reflection that gain importance. It is textual spatial and temporal structure where eidetic and heuristic elements come into interaction most effectively; in particular, the construction of depth in a pictorial plane serves as the model for the cognition of historical reality that cannot be observed immediately. The model of labyrinth in which frames of the heuristic searches are displayed determines their procedures as the sequence of alternative choices where the continuous correction of hypotheses takes place. The premises for the development of heuristic programs are those of ambiguity and indefiniteness of eidetic images together with the self-denial of the automatism of rhetoric conventions. It is due to heuristics that the prototypes for textual eidetic images are to be found. Prototypes function as the eidetic abstractions of personal characters addressed to scenic interpretation. Textual cyclic structure builds up the necessary condition for the disclosure and mediation of distance between the text and history, from closed episodes to the epoch.

scholarly journals Agency and the Successive Structure of Time-Consciousness

Erkenntnis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camden Alexander McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Mental Attitude ◽  
Time Consciousness ◽  
Possibility Space ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wrong Sort

AbstractI argue for constraining the nomological possibility space of temporal experiences and endorsing the Succession Requirement for agents. The Succession Requirement holds that the basic structure of temporal experience must be successive for agentive subjects, at least in worlds that are law-like in the same way as ours. I aim to establish the Succession Requirement by showing non-successively experiencing agents are not possible for three main reasons, namely that they (1) fail to stand in the right sort of causal relationship to the outcomes of their actions, (2) exhibit the wrong sort of epistemic status for agency, and (3) lack the requisite agentive mental attitude of intentionality. I conclude that agency is incompatible with non-successive experience and therefore we should view the successive temporal structure of experience as a necessary condition for agency. I also suggest that the Succession Requirement may actually extend beyond my main focus on agency, offering preliminary considerations in favor of seeing successive experience as a precondition for selfhood as well. The consequences of the Succession Requirement are wide-ranging, and I discuss various implications for our understanding of agency, the self, time consciousness, and theology, among other things.

scholarly journals Heidegger’s Struggle with History

2021 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ingo Farin
Keyword(s):  
Life Time ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Human Intentionality ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Intentional Acts

In this paper I analyze early Heidegger’s concept of history. First, I argue that early Heidegger makes use of three distinct concepts or spheres of history, namely (1) history as intergenerational process, (2) history as personal or autobiographical development, and (3) history as the real center and origin of all intentional acts in the intentional self. Second, I argue that an essential motif in Heidegger’s discussion is the re-appropriation of what he considers the externalized and expropriated historical reality in all three spheres. I suggest that this constitutes an objective parallelism to similar moves in Marx and neo-Marxist thought, especially Lukács and the Frankfurt School. I show that Heidegger is on his way towards an ethics of time. First, in opposition to theoretical historicism and historical aestheti-cism or determinism of his time, early Heidegger advocates the active historical participation in history, the engagement in one’s historical situation or praxis. Second, in opposition to the publically regimented and reified time frames, calendars and interpretations, Heidegger argues for the self-reflexive, historical shaping of one’s very own and unique life-time. Third, because Heidegger finds the origin of all history in the historical enactments of intentions in the intentional self, he ultimately argues for the self-reflexive acknowledgment of this ultimate historicity at the very heart of human intentionality, calling for the always renewed accentuation of this inevitable and ultimate historicity as a necessary condition for authentic temporality.En este artículo analizo el concepto de historia de Heidegger. Primero, argumento que el Heidegger temprano hace uso de tres conceptos distintos, o esferas, de historia, a saber, (1) la historia como proceso de interrogación, (2) la historia como desarrollo personal o autobiográfico y (3) la historia como el centro real y origen de todos los actos intencionales en el yo intencional. Segundo, argumento que un motivo esencial en la discusión de Heidegger es la re-apropiación de lo que considera la externalización y expropiación de la realidad histórica en las tres esferas. Sugiero que esto constituye un objetivo paralelo al de movimientos similares en Marx y el pensamiento neo-Marxista, especialmente Lukács y la Escuela de Frankfurt. Muestro que Heidegger está en este mismo camino hacia una ética del tiempo. Primero, en oposición al historicismo teórico y al esteticismo histórico o determinismo de su tiempo, el Heidegger temprano defiende la participación activa en la historia, el compromiso con la propia situación histórica o praxis. Segundo, en oposición a los marcos temporales, calendarios e interpretaciones regimentados y reificados, Heidegger defiende la auto-reflexión y la formación histórica del tiempo vital de uno mismo. Tercero, porque Heidegger encuentra el origen de toda historia en las realizaciones históricas de las intenciones del yo intencional, defiende en última instancia el reconocimiento auto-reflexivo de la historicidad en el núcleo íntimo de la intencionalidad humana, llamando a una siempre renovada acentuación de esta inevitable y última historicidad como una condición necesaria de la temporalidad auténtica.

A SUFFICIENT AND NECESSARY CONDITION FOR CREDIBILITY MEASURES

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIANG LI ◽  
BAODING LIU
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Extension Theorem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Self Duality ◽  
Duality Property ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Condition

Possibility measures and credibility measures are widely used in fuzzy set theory. Compared with possibility measures, the advantage of credibility measures is the self-duality property. This paper gives a relation between possibility measures and credibility measures, and proves a sufficient and necessary condition for credibility measures. Finally, the credibility extension theorem is shown.

Beach Time, Bridge Time, and Billable Hours: The Temporal Structure of Technical Contracting

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
James A. Evans ◽  
Gideon Kunda ◽  
Stephen R. Barley
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Cyclic Structure ◽  
Contract Work ◽  
Technical Work ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Temporal Flexibility ◽  
Permanent Employees

This paper uses data from career histories of technical contractors to explore how they experience, interpret, and allocate their time and whether they take advantage of the temporal flexibility purportedly offered by contract work in the market. Technical contractors offer a unique opportunity for examining assumptions about organizations, work, and time because they are itinerant professionals who operate outside any single organizational context. We find that contractors do perceive themselves to have flexibility and that a few achieve a kind of flexibility unattained by most permanent employees doing similar work, but rather than take advantage of what they call “beach time” and “downtime,” the majority work long hours and rarely schedule their time flexibly. The contractors' use of time is constrained by the cyclic structure of employment, the centrality of reputation in markets for skill, the practice of billing by the hour, and the nature of technical work. Our research suggests that markets place more rather than fewer constraints on workers' time.

scholarly journals On Best Proximity Results for a Generalized Modified Ishikawa’s Iterative Scheme Driven by Perturbed 2-Cyclic Like-Contractive Self-Maps in Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. De la Sen ◽  
Mujahid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Banach Space ◽  
Banach Spaces ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Iterative Scheme ◽  
Convex Banach Space ◽  
The Self ◽  
Uniformly Convex ◽  
Cyclic Structure ◽  
Best Proximity Points ◽  
Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces

This paper proposes a generalized modified iterative scheme where the composed self-mapping driving can have distinct step-dependent composition order in both the auxiliary iterative equation and the main one integrated in Ishikawa’s scheme. The self-mapping which drives the iterative scheme is a perturbed 2-cyclic one on the union of two sequences of nonempty closed subsets Ann=0∞ and Bnn=0∞ of a uniformly convex Banach space. As a consequence of the perturbation, such a driving self-mapping can lose its cyclic contractive nature along the transients of the iterative process. These sequences can be, in general, distinct of the initial subsets due to either computational or unmodeled perturbations associated with the self-mapping calculations through the iterative process. It is assumed that the set-theoretic limits below of the sequences of sets Ann=0∞ and Bnn=0∞ exist. The existence of fixed best proximity points in the set-theoretic limits of the sequences to which the iterated sequences converge is investigated in the case that the cyclic disposal exists under the asymptotic removal of the perturbations or under its convergence of the driving self-mapping to a limit contractive cyclic structure.

scholarly journals Science, Objectivity and Ethics in Research Methodology

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Nasr Arif
Keyword(s):  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Operational Intelligence ◽  
Partial Truth ◽  
Ethics In Research ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Selection Of

Islam recognizes that Truth is infinite and that different methods arenecessary to reach its different aspects. In other words, in the Islamic paradigm,each methodology has its appropriate domain which admits thepossibility of certitude while allowing for openness. Clearly, this is thepolar opposite of the relativist who claims that no method can reachTruth, he denies certitude and dogmatically insists that there is no suchthing as Truth. However, the self-contradictory nahm of the assertionproves it is false.’From the Islamic point of view, no single methodology can make aclaim on all knowledge contained in all fields and at all levels. This isreflected in the traditional formula inserted at the end of scholarly matiseswu’lluhu u’lum “God knows best,” for no scholar can claim to havecome to the end of knowledge, thereby encompassing the infinite Truthin a self-contained system of thought.The Islamic approach to knowledge refuses to accept partial truth as ifit were the whole, and a single methodology as if it were the onlymethodology. Objectivity requires recognizing a partial truth for what itis, and not making monopolistic claims on knowledge with a singlemethodology. This recognition limits the abuse of power by those whowould deny other valid methodologies and “ways of knowing.’”Recognizing the multiplicity of methods requires discernment as totheir correct application in specific domains. This requires wisdom and afully operational intelligence unobscured by passion. In other words, theintelligence or ‘uql must be wholesome4e ethics and justice of theresearcher being a necessary condition for discerning appropriatemethodologies. Muslim scholars, therefore, emphasize the ethical trainingof the scientist to ensure the just selection of methodologies in eachdomain ...

scholarly journals Restoration of the Self through History and Myth in Lina Kostenko’s “Marusia Churai”

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Myroslava Tomorug-Znaienko
Keyword(s):  
Historical Novel ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
History And Myth ◽  
Unique Individual

The paper analyzes Lina Kostenko’s historical novel in verse portraying the life of the 17th century  Ukrainian minstrel poet Marusia Churai, condemned to death for poisoning her faithless lover. This work, which grows out of Kostenko’s individualized mythical perception of Marusia Churai legend, represents a unique individual construct in which the heroines’ quest for self-realization is kept in tune with the same yearning of the poetess herself; the author’s attitude towards the myth resembles the heroine’s relations with history. The narrative mode of the novel functions mainly in three aspects; these are the heroine’s confrontation with the carnivalized reality of her trial; her subjective journey inward, into the  ruined self, when her execution was pending; and her objective pilgrimage outward, into the history of her ruined land, after getting pardon. The paper touches upon various aspects of the heroine’s perception of history. The main character is depicted as a witness of contemporary events and a bearer of the Word who keeps harmony with the sacred truth of the past. The Hetman’s ‘pardon’ allows Marusia to move freely through history in order to achieve a deeper understanding of her ruined land and seize its spirit. In the experience of the heroine the historical reality appears as versatile and polyphonic, at the same time remaining integral and inseparable from her personality. Kostenko asserts the rights of poets to create their own epochs, to recreate the past or present from within their own mythical experience, becoming thus not only myth-bearers but also mythmakers.

Can There be a Literary Philosophy of Time?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Currie
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Fictional Narratives ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
Metaphysics Of Time

This chapter takes the discussion of the metaphysics of time in a different direction. It asks whether the treatment of time in fictional narratives can teach anything about the nature of time, or the concepts and experience of it. In particular, it asks whether it can teach lessons that people cannot get from the usual philosophical studies of time. To pursue this question, the discussion assesses two main lines of thought that suggest the answer ‘Yes’. First, it focuses on such claims as that one can learn about time, and even about the self. Second, it considers the idea of appealing to a narrative with an unusual temporal structure, and to the ability to engage imaginatively with the narrative's time, to produce an argument that more usual structures are not necessary to time.

scholarly journals Servant leaders as underestimators: theoretical and practical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Sousa ◽  
Dirk van Dierendonck
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
The Self ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Servant Leaders ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a new interpretation of underestimation for the particular case of servant leadership, contending the ideas that underestimation is caused by lack of self-awareness or low self-esteem, and that self-other agreement is a necessary condition for self-awareness. Additional reflections are provided on the development of servant leadership in organizations. Design/methodology/approach A revision of the self-other agreement literature was done, with a focus on underestimation. The theoretical foundations of servant leadership were analysed. The main hypothesis was derived, including a set of supporting propositions. An empirical study was conducted based on a polynomial regression and 3D surface analysis, including 36 managers and 160 followers. Findings Underestimation was the strongest predictor of servant leadership effectiveness in generating psychological empowerment amongst followers. The theoretical revision provides arguments to support the claim that servant leaders underestimate themselves because of their humility and valuing of others. Practical implications With the increasing adoption of servant leadership, this study supports the need to develop specific processes for detecting, assessing, and developing servant leaders in organizations. Additional care is necessary on the interpretation of self-other ratings through 360-degree instruments in light of the leadership model being considered. Originality/value It is the first empirical study within the self-other leadership agreement that incorporates servant leadership. It provides an alternative explanation of underestimation for servant leaders. The paper also provides a reflection on the practical implications of underestimation for developing servant leadership in organizations.

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